{"id":13538,"date":"2017-12-22T13:00:34","date_gmt":"2017-12-22T07:30:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=13538"},"modified":"2017-12-20T16:42:15","modified_gmt":"2017-12-20T11:12:15","slug":"answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-december-21","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-december-21\/","title":{"rendered":"Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 December 21"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/mains-marathon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Archives<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q.1) India is becoming vulnerable to drug trafficking across vast seas off India and Pakistan. Discuss the preventive actions to be taken on port and ground. (GS-2)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Introduction:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to Indian intelligence agencies,<\/span><b> drug syndicates have been exploiting the vast seas off India and Pakistan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Heroin and other drugs come <\/span><b>down from Afghanistan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and are <\/span><b>loaded into fishing trawlers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Karachi, Keti Bandar or other smaller fishing harbors on the Pakistan coast.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Preventive actions to be taken on port:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here are some more solutions to drug trafficking to consider:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Physical barriers could be installed<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> so far as possible in areas below the waterline such as rudder trunking, overboard openings, exposed thrusters\/propeller regions, etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Training should be given to make the crew aware<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the possibility that drug traffickers may try find accomplices in order to achieve their ulterior motives of smuggling the drugs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Warning signs or posters<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> may additionally be pasted in the ship\u2019s public areas for general awareness<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Making risk assessment with officers and the crew<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to the best of knowledge available when the port of call is alleged of drug smuggling<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Communicating and contacting the local port and custom authorities<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the security threats and the measures to be imparted for combating drug trafficking.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>A record of all events should be made<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the relevant logs for all the communications and activities that have been observed between the ship and the local authorities.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Preventive actions to be taken on ground:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If there are <\/span><b>specific task force officers assigned<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to the reduction of drug trafficking in each community, then this would also likely limit the number of individuals involved in this trade.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><b>thorough curriculum that looks at the illegal and illicit drugs for sale<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the reasons why people take drugs and other forms of education may delay or eliminate the desire to experiment with them in the first place.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In recent months, <\/span><b>Indian intelligence agencies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have regularly tracked satellite phones of drug syndicates to gain significant clarity on their operation. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q2) Recently the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites Remains (Amendment) Bill, 2017 has been proposed for amendment. Explain its need and threat from the amendment. \u00a0(GS-1)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Introduction:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Union Cabinet has approved the introduction of the <\/span><b>Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites Remains (Amendment) Bill, 2017<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the Parliament.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The bill states that amendments have been proposed in the legislation to the 1958 Act that <\/span><b>prohibits any public work or project <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">essential to the public or other constructions in areas around protected monuments.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>The need for the amendment:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To make way for certain constructions limited strictly to public works and projects essential to public within the prohibited area, the following amendments have been approved: <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Insertion of a new definition of \u201cpublic works\u201d in section 2 of the Act. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Amendment to section 20A of the Act so as to allow any Department or Office of the Central Government to carry out public works in the prohibited area after obtaining permission from the Central Government. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Insertion of a new clause (ea) to section 20-I of the principal Act.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Present threat:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Only three instances are considered<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> enough by the Ministry of Culture to demand the withdrawal of the constraint imposed by the AMASR Act on any new construction within 100 metres of a protected monument.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ministry <\/span><b>speaks not on behalf of our cultural heritage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, as it should, but pleads the cause of roadways, railway tracks, and unknown private landed interests.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Public works undertaken by the Central Government are usually <\/span><b>extremely large projects \u2013<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> railway lines, ports, airports, highways etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The construction of which is bound to have <\/span><b>an enormous impact on some of the more fragile monuments<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>direct amendment of law by the government without any consideration<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of such carefully planned and sustainable alternatives raises certain questions on the implication of modernization over the ancient heritage. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Q.3) In what ways pull and push factors accelerate the rate of human migration? Mention the effect of migration on the demography, education and economy.(GS-1)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Introduction:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">People migrate for a number of reasons.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These reasons may fall under these four areas: <\/span><b>Environmental, Economic, Cultural and Socio-political.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Within that, the reasons may also be \u201cpush\u201d or \u201cpull\u201d factors. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Push Factors:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Push factors are those that <\/span><b>force the individual to move voluntarily<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and in many cases, they are forced because the <\/span><b>individual risk something if they stay<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Push factors may include <\/span><b>conflict, drought, famine, or extreme religious activity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Poor economic activity and lack of job opportunities<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are also strong push factors for migration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other strong push factors include <\/span><b>race and discriminating cultures, political intolerance and persecution of people who question the status quo<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Pull Factors:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pull factors are those factors in the destination country <\/span><b>that attract the individual or group to leave their home.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Better economic opportunities, more jobs, and the promise of a better life<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> often pull people into new locations. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As people grow older and retire, many look for places with warm weather, peaceful and comfortable locations to spend their retirement after a lifetime of hard work and savings, such ideal places are pull factors too.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Effects of Migration:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Demographic effect:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Migration leads to <\/span><b>demographical misbalance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a <\/span><b>faster change in the population structure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> characterized by a <\/span><b>reduction in the proportion of young people and an increase in the proportion of the elderly<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With reference to example, despite the decline in total fertility rates (TFR) countrywide, 12 States of India continue to have TFR above 2.1 children per woman, known as replacement-level fertility.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, when the TFR declines, the drop does not stop at 2.1, as seen in Kerala (1.6), Tamil Nadu (1.7) and Karnataka (1.8). <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Educational effects:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The biggest negative impact on the country of exit perhaps is the fact that <\/span><b>young graduates (or skilled labor and professional) leave<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to offer their services to other states rather than serving their native place.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Economic effects:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The departure of people of working age <\/span><b>reduces the labor force<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It also <\/span><b>weakens the growth of the home state<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The loss of labor may <\/span><b>deter inward investment<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by private organization, <\/span><b>increasing dependence on governmental initiatives.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Archives\u00a0 Q.1) India is becoming vulnerable to drug trafficking across vast seas off India and Pakistan. Discuss the preventive actions to be taken on port and ground. (GS-2) Introduction: According to Indian intelligence agencies, drug syndicates have been exploiting the vast seas off India and Pakistan. Heroin and other drugs come down from Afghanistan and&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-december-21\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 December 21<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":2292,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mains-marathon-answers","category-public","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pen-paper-laptop.jpg?fit=1000%2C500&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1699867673},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13538","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13538"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13538\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13538"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13538"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}