{"id":140568,"date":"2021-10-11T21:00:32","date_gmt":"2021-10-11T15:30:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=140568"},"modified":"2021-10-12T09:35:54","modified_gmt":"2021-10-12T04:05:54","slug":"9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-october-11th-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-october-11th-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief \u2013 October 11th, 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"content-box-red\">Dear Friends<br \/>\nWe have initiated some changes in the 9 PM Brief and other postings related to current affairs.\u00a0What we sought to do:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ensure that all relevant facts, data, and arguments from today\u2019s newspaper are readily available to you.<\/li>\n<li>We have widened the sources to provide you with content that is more than enough and adds value not just for GS but also for essay writing. Hence, the 9 PM brief now covers the following newspapers:\n<ol>\n<li><strong>The Hindu\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Indian Express\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Livemint\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Business Standard\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Times of India\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Down To Earth<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>PIB<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>We have also introduced the relevance part to every article. This ensures that you know why a particular article is important.<\/li>\n<li>Since these changes are new, so initially the number of articles might increase, but they&#8217;ll go down over time.<\/li>\n<li>It is our endeavor to provide you with the best content and your feedback is essential for the same. We will be anticipating your feedback and ensure the blog serves as an optimal medium of learning for all the aspirants.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>For previous editions of 9 PM Brief<\/strong> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-brief\/\">Click Here<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>For individual articles of 9 PM Brief<\/strong>&#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/daily-current-affairs-summaries-for-upsc-exam\/\">Click Here<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"p-3 mb-2 bg-info text-white text-center\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Mains Oriented Articles\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3><strong style=\"font-family: var(--heading--font-family); font-size: 24px; letter-spacing: var(--heading--letter-spacing-h3); background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary);\">GS Paper 2<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#gs21\">A \u2018Taiwan flashpoint\u2019 in the Indo-Pacific<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#gs22\">Let HC Judges retire when SC Judges do, At 65<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong style=\"font-family: var(--heading--font-family); font-size: 24px; letter-spacing: var(--heading--letter-spacing-h3); background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary);\">GS Paper 3<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#gs31\">India needs a carbon policy for agriculture\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#gs32\">Taxing big tech where it earn profits<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#gs33\">The many questions arising from QES data<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#gs34\">Privatisation is far more difficult than consolidation<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#gs35\">Pandora papers reveal legislative limits of preventing tax dodging<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#gs36\">Public Finance ought to throw its weight by clean energy<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#gs37\">The monetary policy of RBI has failed to walk its talk<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"p-3 mb-2 bg-info text-white text-center\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Prelims Orie<\/strong><strong>nted Articles (Factly)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#f1\">Heatwave occurrences increasing in India, occurring in new regions: study<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#f2\">Gati Shakti master plan: DPIIT to monitor, implement infra projects<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#f3\">Remembering Jayaprakash Narayan, the people\u2019s hero<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#f4\">MULTILATERAL MARITIME EXERCISE MALABAR 2021 \u2013 PHASE II IN BAY OF BENGAL 12 \u2013 15 OCT 21<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#f5\">Union Minister of State for Information and Broadcasting Dr. L. Murugan inaugurates RAS established under PMMSY at Awantipor<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#f6\">Padma Vibhushan Dr. Teejan Bai inspires mentees and mentors of GOAL program of Ministry of Tribal Affairs and Facebook India<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#f7\">Palk Bay scheme to get a fillip: Murugan<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"p-3 mb-2 bg-info text-red text-center\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Mains Oriented Articles<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3><strong style=\"font-family: var(--heading--font-family); font-size: 24px; letter-spacing: var(--heading--letter-spacing-h3); background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary);\">GS Paper 2<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"gs21\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/a-taiwan-flashpoint-in-the-indo-pacific\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A \u2018Taiwan flashpoint\u2019 in the Indo-Pacific<\/a><\/h3>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<p>Source<span data-contrast=\"none\">: This post is based on the article \u201c<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">A \u2018Taiwan flashpoint\u2019 in the Indo-Pacific<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201d published in \u201c<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Hindu<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201d on\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">11th October\u00a02021<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Syllabus<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">: GS2 \u2013 International Relations<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Relevance<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">: To understand the issues surrounding One China Policy.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Synopsis:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">The historic rival claims of territory and independence by China and Taiwan is seeing a new turn with the US questioning the One China policy.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Introduction<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Recently the \u201c<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">One China policy<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201d of the People\u2019s Republic of China has been<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> challenged by the USA,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">though it still stands with a one-China policy.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">In 1979, the USA recognized PRC as the legitimate government in China and thereby ending official relations with Taiwan and also abrogated mutual defence treaty with Taiwan.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><strong>Must Read<\/strong>:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/taiwan-china-conflict-and-indias-stand-on-it\/\">Taiwan-China conflict and India\u2019s stand on it<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">The\u00a0USA-China\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">strategic ambiguity<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> with respect to Taiwan<\/span><\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The USA doesn\u2019t support the declaration of independence by Taiwan and sticks to its \u201cone China policy&#8221;. However, it has reversed the stand of avoiding official level engagements with Taiwan.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">In March, the US Pacific commander has warned of the possible invasion of Chinese forces in Taiwan within the next 6 years to cut off US power in Asia.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The USA <span data-contrast=\"none\">has declared that it will maintain the ability to come\u00a0to Taiwan\u2019s defense though not committing itself to do so.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">China\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">on the other hand is committed to pursuing peaceful unification of Taiwan. But China retains the right to use force if there would be a need for the same. China sees reunification as a historic task that must be completed.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><strong>Read more<\/strong>:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/taiwan-reunification-with-china-inevitable-says-chinese-president-xi-jinping\/\">Taiwan reunification with China \u2018inevitable\u2019, says Chinese President Xi Jinping<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What can be done?<\/span><\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The recent crystallization of \u201c<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">QUAD<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201d and announcement of \u201c<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">AUKUS\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">(alliance between Australia, UK, US)\u201d is seen as a move to counter\u00a0China\u00a0in Indo-pacific.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The concerned countries and international forums must ensure that the claims be settled by peace following international practices where none of the parties should act unilaterally.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><strong>Read more<\/strong>:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/it-is-time-for-new-delhi-to-review-its-old-one-china-policy-stance\/\">It is time for New Delhi to review its old \u2018one China\u2019 policy stance<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Terms to know<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/one-china-policy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">One China Policy<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"gs22\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/let-hc-judges-retire-when-sc-judges-do-at-65\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Let HC Judges retire when SC Judges do, At 65<\/a><\/h3>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong>: This post is based on the article \u201c<strong>Let HC Judges retire when SC Judges Do, at 65\u201d <\/strong>published in <strong>Times of India <\/strong>on <strong>8<sup>th<\/sup> October 2021.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Syllabus: <\/strong>GS 2 Structure, Organization and Functioning of the Judiciary.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Relevance:\u00a0<\/strong>Understanding the reasons behind different retirement ages of HC and Sc judges.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Synopsis:\u00a0<\/strong>Uniform retirement ages for HC &amp; SC judges is required to reflect the contemporary needs.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Today, SC is one of the prestigious institutions in India. Elevation to which is also seen as a matter of great prestige. There is a debate going on between experts to increase the retirement age of High Court (HC) judge\u2019s equivalent to Supreme Court (SC) i.e from 62 to 65yrs.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>What are the historical reasons for having different retirements ages? <\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><strong>Joint Committee on Indian Constitutional Reform<\/strong> set up before the 1935 act said that different retirement age was necessary to secure the services of the judges from HCs.<\/p>\n<p>So, the <strong>Government of India Act 1935<\/strong> established the Federal Court of India, which was the predecessor of the present Supreme Court of India. It laid down the retirement age for judges of the Federal Court at 65 years and 60 years for judges of HCs.<\/p>\n<h5>Why there is a difference in retirement age justified earlier?<\/h5>\n<p>In the opinion of <strong>Abhinav Chandrachud, an HC judge,<\/strong> during the age of 60 senior judges of HCs would be already in an established position. So, they would not be ready to renounce the rest of their tenure for the junior position in the newly established Federal Court.<\/p>\n<h5>How the government tried to increase the retirement age of HC Judges?<\/h5>\n<p><strong>14th Law Commission<\/strong> in 1958 said that rules could be established to make it a duty for judges of HCs to accept the offer to serve at SC.<\/p>\n<p>Later<strong>, the Constitutional amendment in 1963<\/strong> increased the retirement age of HC judges to 62.<\/p>\n<p>In 2010, another constitutional amendment bill was introduced in Parliament to increase the retirement age of HC judges from 62 to 65 but got lapsed.<\/p>\n<h5>What should be done?<\/h5>\n<p>Presently, on average, HC judges are being appointed at the age of 51. This provides them with a little over a decade before retiring.<\/p>\n<p>The standing committee on the 2010 bill, pointed out that increasing the retirement age would<strong> impact both the vacancies and the high pendency of cases<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The increased retirement age will allow them to adjust according to the new position and discharge their duties for a longer duration.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong style=\"font-family: var(--heading--font-family); font-size: 24px; letter-spacing: var(--heading--letter-spacing-h3); background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary);\">GS Paper 3<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"gs31\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/india-needs-a-carbon-policy-for-agriculture\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">India needs a carbon policy for agriculture<\/a><\/h3>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<p>Source:<span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0This post is based on the article &#8220;<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0India needs a carbon policy for agriculture<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0&#8221; published in The\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Indian Express<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0on\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">11th October 2021.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Syllabus:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> GS3-\u00a0Conservation, Environmental Pollution and Degradation, Environmental Impact Assessment,\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Relevance<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: A carbon policy for India&#8217;s agriculture<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\"> sector<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Synopsis: <\/span><\/b>The share of agriculture in India\u2019s total emissions has gradually declined. However, in absolute terms emissions from agriculture have increased to a level similar to China\u2019s. India needs to take steps to address this issue.<\/p>\n<h5><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Introduction<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In its recent assessment report, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has issued \u201ccode red\u201d to humanity as we rush towards a 1.5-degree Celsius hotter planet by 2040.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>In light of this background, India needs to do more to decrease its agricultural emissions.<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><strong>Must Read<\/strong>: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/ipccs-sixth-assessment-report\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IPCC 6th Assessment report &#8211; Explained, Pointwise<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What is the current emission scenario in the world and of India?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><strong>Per capita emissions<\/strong>: US has the highest per capita emissions (15.24 tonnes), followed by Russia (11.12 tonnes). India\u2019s per capita emissions is<strong> just 1.8 tonnes<\/strong>, significantly lower than the world average of 4.4 tonnes per capita<\/p>\n<p><strong>Emission intensity<\/strong>: If one takes emissions per unit of GDP, of the top five absolute emitters, <strong>China ranks first<\/strong> with 0.486 kg per 2017 PPP $ of GDP, which is very close to Russia at 0.411 kg per 2017 PPP $ of GDP. India is slightly above the world average of 0.26 (kg per 2017 PPP $ of GDP) at 0.27 kg, while the USA is at 0.25, and Japan at 0.21. <em>(You don&#8217;t have to remember the figures. Given here for information only)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Greenhouse gas emissions: <\/span><\/b>According to the Global Carbon Atlas,<b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> India ranks third in total greenhouse gas emissions<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0by emitting annually around 2.6 billion\u00a0tonnes\u00a0(Bt) CO2eq.\u00a0China and US are in top positions in this case.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Effect of weather events: <\/span><\/b>As per Germanwatch, in 2021<b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> India ranked seventh on the list of countries most affected due to extreme weather events,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0incurring losses of $69 billion (in PPP) in 2019.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Sector-wise emissions<\/strong>: Sector-wise global emissions show that <strong>electricity<\/strong> &amp; <strong>heat production<\/strong> and <strong>agriculture, forestry<\/strong> and other <strong>land<\/strong> use make up 50% of the emissions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211; <\/strong>For India, the <strong>energy sector<\/strong> has the largest share (<strong>44%<\/strong>), followed by the <strong>manufacturing and construction sector<\/strong> (<strong>18%<\/strong>), and <strong>agriculture, forestry<\/strong> and <strong>land use sectors<\/strong> (<strong>14%<\/strong>), with the remaining being shared by the <strong>transport, industrial processes<\/strong> and <strong>waste sectors<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211; Share of agriculture: <\/strong>The share of agriculture in total emissions has gradually declined from <strong>28% (1994) to 14% (2016)<\/strong>. However, in absolute terms, emissions from agriculture have increased to about 650 Mt CO2 in 2018, which is similar to China\u2019s emissions from agriculture.<\/p>\n<h5><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What are the factors behind agricultural emissions in India?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Agricultural emissions in India are <strong>primarily from the livestock sector<\/strong> (<strong>54.6%<\/strong>) in the form of methane emissions. The reason being-<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">-fermentation\u00a0that takes place in the digestive system of the animals<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">-use of nitrogenous fertilisers in agricultural soils (<strong>19%<\/strong>) which emit nitrous oxides;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">-rice cultivation (<strong>17.5%<\/strong>) in anaerobic conditions and,<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">-livestock management (<strong>6.9%<\/strong>) and burning of crop residues (<strong>2.1%<\/strong>).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">On what lines India&#8217;s carbon policy be structured to reduce agricultural emissions?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><strong>Carbon credits to farmers<\/strong>: A<span data-contrast=\"auto\">long with reducing emissions in agriculture, farmers should be rewarded with carbon credits which should be globally tradable. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Better feeding practices:<\/b> With the world\u2019s largest livestock population (537 million)<span data-contrast=\"auto\">, India needs better feeding practices with smaller numbers of cattle by raising their productivity.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Switching to less water intensive crops: <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Direct seeded rice and alternative wet and dry practices can reduce the carbon footprint in rice fields. <\/span>But the real solution lies in switching areas from rice to maize or other less water-guzzling crops.<\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">-opening up corn for ethanol\u00a0and rewarding farmers for this switch by making corn more profitable than paddy,\u00a0can help not only reduce our huge dependence on crude oil imports but also reduce the carbon footprint.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>W<span data-contrast=\"auto\">e need to use\u00a0<strong>better\u00a0alternatives\u00a0of\u00a0nitrogen fertilizer<\/strong> to reduce nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils. We need to promote fertigation <em>(mixed with water)<\/em> and subsidise soluble fertilisers.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\"> Ultimately, the government should incentivise and give subsidies on drips for fertigation.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"gs32\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/taxing-big-tech-where-it-earn-profits\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Taxing big tech where it earn profits<\/a><\/h3>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> This post is based on the article \u201c<strong>Taxing big tech where it earn profits\u201d <\/strong>published in <strong>Indian Express <\/strong>on <strong>11<sup>th<\/sup> October 2021.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Syllabus: <\/strong>GS3 Indian Economy and issues relating to Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth and Development.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Relevance:\u00a0<\/strong>Understanding the impact of Global Minimum Corporate Tax.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Synopsis:\u00a0<\/strong>India signed a deal to enforce GMCT in India, but it has to alter its taxation system to bring respective reforms.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>India with another 135 countries agreed to enforce a pact to <strong>impose a minimum corporate tax rate of 15%<\/strong>, and an <strong>equitable system of taxing profits<\/strong> of big companies in markets where they are earned. Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan and Sri Lanka have not yet joined the deal.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>What are the rules prescribed under Global Minimum Corporate Tax and the challenges associated with it?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><strong>Must Read: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/global-minimum-corporate-tax-and-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Global Minimum Corporate Tax and India \u2013 Explained, pointwise<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5><strong>To whom does this rule apply?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>It will cover firms with global sales above 20 bn Euros ($23 billion) and profit margins above 10%. A quarter of any profits above 10% is proposed to be reallocated to the countries where they were earned and taxed there.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>What are the concerns of India?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>According to New York Times reports, it said that India, China, Estonia and Poland are worried that <strong>minimum tax could harm their ability to attract investment<\/strong> with special lures like research and development credits and special economic zones that offer tax breaks to investors.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>According to OECD,<\/strong> Multilateral Convention (MLC) will \u201crequire all parties to <strong>remove all Digital Services Taxes and other relevant similar measures<\/strong> with respect to all companies, and to commit not to introduce such measures in the future. In this context, India may have to withdraw its digital tax or equalisation levy if the global tax deal comes through.<\/p>\n<p>So India is still figuring how to balance its interests.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"gs33\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/the-many-questions-arising-from-qes-data\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The many questions arising from QES data<\/a><\/h3>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<p>Source<span data-contrast=\"auto\">: This post is based on the article \u201c<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The many questions arising from QES data<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201d\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">published in \u201c<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Hindu<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201d on\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">11th October 2021<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Syllabus<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">: GS3- Issues related to employment<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Relevance<\/strong>: To understand the issues in employment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Synopsis: <\/span><\/b>The<span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0first quarter data of QES talks about different employment statistics<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 aria-level=\"5\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Introduction<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:40,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Recently, the Labour Bureau has released the results of the All-India Quarterly Establishment-based Employment Survey (QES) for the first quarter of 2021 (April to June).<\/span> <span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">The Sixth Economic Census serves as the basis of the QES survey.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The survey covers establishments employing 10 or more workers in the organised segment in nine sectors. These sectors account for 85% of the total employment in establishments employing 10 or more workers as per the Sixth Economic Census (EC).<\/p>\n<p><b>What are the key findings of this QES?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Nearly 75% of the estimated establishments employing less than 40 workers\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">87.5%<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0of the estimated workers were\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">regular workers<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0and just about 2.1%\u00a0(12.5% in construction) were casual\u00a0workers.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Excluding health and financial services, around 24-35% of the establishments were operational from March 25 to June 30, 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">66-86% of estimated\u00a0employees received\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">full wages<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0including\u00a0in the construction, trade\u00a0and hospitality industries.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The report concedes a<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0decline in the\u00a0share of female workers<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> from 31% in the Sixth EC to 29% in FQ2021.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What can be inferred from the QES Data?<\/span><\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0overall growth rate<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0is\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">incongruent with macroeconomic factors<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0and other\u00a0labour\u00a0market portrayals.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The QES provides very broad employment figures \u2014 \u201c3 crores and 8 lakhs approximately\u201d for FQ-2021. But due to low employment demand, cost-minimising manufacturers the statistics in QES are arguable.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What more could have been done for the report?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">At any rate,\u00a0the F12021 QES must be considered\u00a0as a starting point of the new data set\u00a0rather than as a continuum of the\u00a0Sixth EC as the <strong>Seventh EC would enable\u00a0sensible comparisons<\/strong>.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Like the Sixth EC, it could have <strong>collected data on social aspects<\/strong> like caste and religion as the pandemic would have had differential impacts on the social statuses of workers.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Instead of five segmented employment surveys (QEP&#8217;s), the Labour Bureau can <span data-contrast=\"none\">put in place a <strong>high-frequency labour market information database<\/strong> like most advanced economies.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"gs34\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/privatisation-is-far-more-difficult-than-consolidation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Privatisation is far more difficult than consolidation<\/a><\/h3>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong>: This post is based on the article\u00a0<strong>\u201cPrivatisation is far more difficult than consolidation\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0published in\u00a0<strong>Business Standard<\/strong>\u00a0on\u00a0<strong>11th Oct 2021<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Syllabus:<\/strong> GS \u2013 3 \u2013 Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Relevance<\/strong>: To understand the issues associated with the Privatisation of PSBs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Synopsis:\u00a0<\/strong>The government is looking to privatise the PSBs for strengthening the banking sector. But the Privatisation of PSBs is a complex one.<\/p>\n<h5>Introduction<\/h5>\n<p>Recently, the Finance Minister mentioned that India needs more banks to match the scale of the nation\u2019s largest lender, the State Bank of India. This is because India (Asia\u2019s third-largest economy) is shifting to a different plane in the post-pandemic world. India also needs bigger and stronger banks to meet those challenges.<\/p>\n<p>The government is readying to start consultations with the RBI to put in place a framework to screen the potential bidders of public sector banks. The process will start with the strategic divestment of IDBI Bank.\u00a0But the Privatisation is far more difficult than consolidation of PSBs.<\/p>\n<h5>About the consolidation of Banks<\/h5>\n<p>The consolidation drive brought down the number of public sector banks(PSBs) from 27 to 12 in three years between 2017 and 2020. Yet, the State Bank is the lone India representative in the list of 50 largest banks globally.<\/p>\n<h5>What powers does the government enjoy with PSBs?<\/h5>\n<p>The government enjoys more powers than a majority stakeholder should in any board-run company. For example,<\/p>\n<p>i) The government now <strong>has the absolute power<\/strong> to appoint the managing director and CEO of a public sector bank and its whole-time directors and non-executive chairman<\/p>\n<p>ii) The government has the <strong>power to liquidate<\/strong> any bank <strong>and<\/strong> also for the <strong>merger<\/strong> of public sector banks.<\/p>\n<p>iii) Under <strong>Section 8<\/strong> of the <strong>Bank Nationalisation Act<\/strong>, the government can<strong> issue directives to the banks in the public interest<\/strong> after consulting with the <strong>Reserve Bank of India<\/strong> (RBI).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong>: <strong>Department of Financial Services<\/strong>, an arm of the finance ministry, does this often without keeping the RBI in the loop.<\/p>\n<h5>Is divestment of PSB can lead to Privatisation of PSB?<\/h5>\n<p>No, Privatisation is very different from divestment. Divestment doesn\u2019t necessarily bring the government stake below 51%. The government divests its stake in public sector undertakings to make money.<\/p>\n<p>Since 1994, the government has pumped in <strong>Rs 4.51 trillion<\/strong> in PSBs as capital. Over the years, the government stake in many banks has been rising.\u00a0For example, the government is having a 97.70% stake in Punjab &amp; Sind Bank and 62.93% in Canara Bank. In the latest Budget also has announced Rs 20,000 crore recapitalisation in the current year.<\/p>\n<h5>What are the challenges in Privatising PSBs?<\/h5>\n<p>To pave the path for privatisation, the <strong>Bank Nationalisation Act<\/strong> has to be amended.<\/p>\n<p>Further, the government stake needs to come down below 51%. This will ensure that the government <strong>will stop using public money<\/strong> to keep them alive.<\/p>\n<p>Privatising the PSBs is <strong>different from other Privatisation drives<\/strong>. Banks can not be sold to the highest bidder, the profile of the bidder is the most important criterion for a licence to the bank. So, the potential buyers will have to meet the RBI\u2019s fit-and-proper criteria.<\/p>\n<p>In conclusion, merely bringing down the government stake below 51% will not excite the prospective bidders unless the governance norms are overhauled.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"gs35\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/pandora-papers-reveal-legislative-limits-of-preventing-tax-dodging\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pandora papers reveal legislative limits of preventing tax dodging<\/a><\/h3>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong>: This post is based on the article\u00a0<strong>\u201cPandora papers reveal legislative limits of preventing tax dodging\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0published in\u00a0<strong>Indian Express<\/strong>\u00a0on\u00a0<strong>11th Oct 2021<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Syllabus:<\/strong> GS \u2013 3 \u2013 Indian Economy &#8211; Issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Relevance<\/strong>: To understand the legal issues associated with taxing Offshore Investments.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Synopsis: <\/strong>Pandora Papers reveal complex issues associated with offshore investments.<\/p>\n<h5>Introduction<\/h5>\n<p>Pandora Papers consist of as many as 12 million documents belonging to 14 global corporate services firms, which set up about 29,000 off-the-shelf companies and private trusts in obscure tax jurisdictions.<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 56px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100%; height: 56px;\"><strong>Must read (Only new points are covered in this article)<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/pandora-papers-and-illegal-offshore-investments-from-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pandora Papers and Illegal offshore investments from India \u2013 Explained, pointwise<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5>What are the global challenges in curbing illegal offshore investments?<\/h5>\n<p><strong>Many countries have not adopted common reporting standards<\/strong>: The OECD introduced the common reporting standard, using which countries could partner better to exchange the financial information of their residents. Today, 110 jurisdictions are signatories to the standard.<\/p>\n<p>But many countries have not signed up for this framework. For example, the <strong>United States<\/strong> (it employs the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act or FATCA to receive information), the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam.<\/p>\n<p>So, the tax authorities may not be able to procure substantive evidence if a country is not obligated to exchange such information.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Financial secrecy laws<\/strong>: The latest information from the <strong>OECD<\/strong> on country-by-country operations by select multinational companies reports that more than 40% of the entities are located in the <strong>British Virgin Islands, the Isle of Man, Bermuda<\/strong> and <strong>Mauritius <\/strong>due to their financial secrecy.<\/p>\n<p>Financial secrecy laws are not only present in some island nations alone, but also in countries like the US. For example, <strong>The Tax Justice Network <\/strong>reports that the <strong>US ranked second<\/strong> in the world, before Switzerland and after the Cayman Islands, in financial secrecy. States such as Delaware and South Dakota are hotbeds for offshoring.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Proof of burden on Tax administrators<\/strong>: Corporate entities are treated as an entity separate from the shareholders by various tax-havens. This places the burden of proof on tax administrators to prove the transaction details. But, there are limits to traceability due to non-cooperative jurisdictions. So, it is often challenging to unveil their transactions.<\/p>\n<h5>What can be done?<\/h5>\n<p>The scale of the offshore leaks reaffirms the sense of inequality in taxation. So, holistic and all-around attack from within and outside the country is the need of the hour. Internally, for a tax system to be truly reformed, <strong>socially unacceptable tax avoidance<\/strong> must be made legally impermissible.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"gs36\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/public-finance-ought-to-throw-its-weight-by-clean-energy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Public Finance ought to throw its weight by clean energy<\/a><\/h3>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong>: This post is based on the article \u201c<strong>Public Finance ought to throw its weight by clean energy<\/strong>\u201d published in <strong>Livemint<\/strong> on <strong>11<sup>th<\/sup> October 2021<\/strong>.<strong>Syllabus<\/strong>: GS3 &#8211; Conservation, Environmental Pollution and Degradation, Environmental Impact Assessment.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Relevance: <\/strong>Transitioning towards renewable energy (RE).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Synopsis:\u00a0<\/strong>With the world trying to achieve the Paris climate target, there is a need to bring more financial commitments and change in policies to achieve this target.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Solar power is now the cheapest form of electricity in history. Over 90% of power-generation capacity added around the world last year was in renewables<\/p>\n<p>But to stand a chance of limiting global warming to 1.5\u00b0 Celsius above pre-industrial levels, the world\u2019s energy systems must transform even faster. And that needs governments and public financial institutions to <strong>stop supporting fossil fuels<\/strong> and instead support the clean-energy transition.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Is RE sector being adequately financed?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>To meet the 2015 Paris climate agreement\u2019s 1.5\u00b0C target, the global energy transition needs to progress 4-6 times faster than currently. Fossil fuels still supply 84% of the world\u2019s energy and account for over 75% of global emissions.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>International Energy Agency\u2019s \u2018Net Zero by 2050\u2019<\/strong> roadmap shows that global energy systems must be fossil-fuel-free by 2040.<\/p>\n<p>Yet, since Paris, G20 governments have provided more than <strong>three times more public finance for fossil fuels<\/strong> ($77 billion) than for renewables every year.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>What favorable factors now exist in the RE sector?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Investments in RE sector have always been riddled with high upfront costs and lack of large scale adoption issues, but the situation is now changing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dramatic cost reduction<\/strong>: Wind and solar are now cheaper than new coal and gas power plants in two-thirds of the world. The dramatic cost reduction over the decade has transformed options, particularly in poor countries, where renewables-based mini grids offer opportunities to alleviate energy poverty and provide energy access.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Why investment in RE sector is necessary?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><strong>New jobs:<\/strong> Investment in R.E helps in creating new jobs which further drives the economic growth. According to the <strong>International Renewable Energy Agency<\/strong> deploying Renewable at scales could help create 42 mn jobs worldwide by 2050.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Air pollution reduction<\/strong>: It also helps to reduce Air Pollution.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What is the global contribution?<\/strong><br \/>\nVarious governments and organizations have made commitments to end the use of fossil fuels and to boost the use of RE sources.<\/p>\n<p><strong>G7<\/strong>: Members states made a commitment to cease all of their international funding for coal projects by end of 2021.<\/p>\n<p><strong>South Korea, Japan and China<\/strong>: These countries also agreed to stop funding coal projects overseas in spite of being the world&#8217;s largest providers of international coal financing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Paris Agreements<\/strong>: More than 85 countries have submitted updated national climate pledges. This shows the trend towards higher renewable energy use and lower reliance on fossil fuels by 2030.<\/p>\n<p><strong>European Investment Bank (EIB)<\/strong>: EIB also became the 1<sup>st<\/sup> multilateral bank to announce an end to all financing for fossil fuel projects by 2021. EIB also provides support to a wind farm in Africa, which provides clean and affordable energy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>UK<\/strong>: It provides end to new public support for overseas international fossil fuel energy projects, fully shifting investments into renewables.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What should we do?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In the <strong>upcoming COP 26 summit,<\/strong> the focus should be on making more commitments to align International public support fully with the Paris goals.<\/p>\n<p>Government and Financial Institution should <strong>provide resources<\/strong> to provide cheaper, cleaner energy and to end international support for fossil fuel-based power.<\/p>\n<p>To ensure that every community benefits from the transition in RE, it is important to <strong>carefully design the policies<\/strong>. There is a need for global solidarity where, everyone has access to necessary technologies, expertise, investment support and financial strategies.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"gs37\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/the-monetary-policy-of-rbi-has-failed-to-walk-its-talk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The monetary policy of RBI has failed to walk its talk<\/a><\/h3>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> This post is based on the article \u201c<strong>The monetary policy of RBI has failed to walk its talk\u201d <\/strong>published in <strong>Live Mint <\/strong>on <strong>11<sup>th<\/sup> October 2021.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Syllabus: <\/strong>GS 3 Indian Economy &amp; Issues Relating to Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Relevance:\u00a0<\/strong>Understanding the status of the Indian economy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Synopsis:\u00a0<\/strong>A disconnect between the commentary and policy action of RBI&#8217;s repo rate-setting panel could cost us dear in time to come.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>According to RBI Governor, the Indian Economy is recovering from the impact of Covid. But still, there is a need to work on inflation, so that it will remain within the targets defined.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Is the Indian Economy improving in real terms?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Yes. According to<strong> the Finance Minister<\/strong>, the Indian economy is on a &#8220;<strong>Sustained path of revival&#8221;<\/strong>. As per <strong>RB<\/strong>I also, indicators for Q2: 2021-22 have <strong>gained momentum<\/strong>. International rating agency <strong>Moody<\/strong> has also revised its rating outlook for India <strong>from negative to stable.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>What are the present challenges of the Indian Economy?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Inflation:<\/strong> There are various factors linked to it like <strong>elevated global crude oil<\/strong> and other commodity resources, <strong>Acute shortage of key industrial components<\/strong> and <strong>high logistics costs<\/strong> etc<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Measures taken by RBI during the pandemic<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>During the pandemic, RBI had taken v<strong>arious steps to infuse liquidity<\/strong>. RBI took steps like <strong>ending G-SAP (Government Securities Acquisition Programme) and a VRRR <\/strong>(variable-rate reverse repo) auction calendar, but the system still has surplus liquidity.<\/p>\n<p>During the pandemic, the RBI widened the repo rate to 65 basis points from 25 basis points. RBI also infused 2.37 trillion dollars of liquidity into the economy.<\/p>\n<h5>What should be done?<\/h5>\n<p>Recently, the RBI ended the G-SAP. But ending G-SAP alone is not enough. The economy with high liquidity today can lead to a high rate of interest tomorrow, so the RBI has to take enough steps to prevent it.\u00a0The measures adopted during the time of pandemic need to change, evolve as the economy unfolds.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"p-3 mb-2 bg-info text-red text-center\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Prelims Oriented Articles (Factly)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"f1\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/heatwave-occurrences-increasing-in-india-occurring-in-new-regions-study\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Heatwave occurrences increasing in India, occurring in new regions: study<\/a><\/h3>\n<h5 aria-level=\"5\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What is the news?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:40,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">A recent analysis by the<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0Banaras Hindu University (BHU),\u00a0<\/span>in collaboration with<span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0the <strong>Department of Science and\u00a0Technology(<\/strong><\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">DST<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">) and the<strong> Ministry of Earth Sciences(<\/strong><\/span><strong>MoES<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>)<\/strong>, has found a spatial <\/span>shift of heatwaves in India<span data-contrast=\"none\">. With this shift weather events are now occurring in new regions in the country.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>About the study<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The study has looked at temperature data from the <strong>India Meteorological Department<\/strong>, spanning 65 years from 1951-2016, to assess the monthly, seasonal, decadal and long-term trends in heatwaves in the country. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><strong>What are the key findings of the study?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The study has found a<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0warming pattern over northwestern and southern India<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">, while a\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">progressive cooling phase over northeastern and southwest regions<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0of the country.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The study found three prominent heatwave prone regions \u2014 northwestern, central, and south-central India, with the <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">highest being in west Madhya Pradesh<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0(0.80 events\/year).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The study has also found a significant decrease in heatwaves over the eastern region, that is Gangetic West Bengal (\u22120.13events\/year).<\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The study has also found severe heatwave events have shown a \u201csouthward expansion and a spatial surge during the decades of 2001\u20132010 and 2010\u20132016\u201d. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">The increase in heatwaves in <strong>Karnataka<\/strong> and<strong> Tamil Nadu<\/strong> are particularly significant and will increase in the future.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 aria-level=\"5\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What is Heatwave?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:40,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">A Heat Wave<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> is a period of abnormally high temperatures, more than the normal maximum temperature, that occurs during summer.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p aria-level=\"5\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Read more:<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/three-new-heatwave-hotspots-in-india-put-large-population-at-immediate-health-risk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What is Heatwave?<\/span><\/b><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:40,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p aria-level=\"5\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: This post is based on the article \u201c<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Heatwave occurrences increasing in India, occurring in new regions: study<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201d\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">published in \u201c<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Indian Express<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201d on\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">11th October 2021<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"f2\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/gati-shakti-master-plan-dpiit-to-monitor-implement-infra-projects\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gati Shakti master plan: DPIIT to monitor, implement infra projects<\/a><\/h3>\n<h5 aria-level=\"5\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What is the news?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:40,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade<\/strong> (<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">DPIIT<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">) would become the<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0nodal agency<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0for monitoring and implementation of all infrastructure projects\u00a0under PM GATI SHAKTI PLAN.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">In line with the Gati Shakti plan, the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways has\u00a0finalised\u00a0a blueprint for setting up multi-modal logistics parks, in collaboration with the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p aria-level=\"5\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What is\u00a0PM Gati Shakti Master Plan?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:40,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">This is a\u00a0master plan expected to boost infrastructure building by integrating key modes of transportation<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0road, rail, air, waterways, thereby reducing logistics costs.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">It<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">is a 100-lakh crore national infrastructure master plan. It aims to make a foundation for holistic infrastructure and give an integrated pathway to our economy.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p aria-level=\"5\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Read more:<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/gati-shakti-master-plan-to-give-rs-100-trillion-infrastructure-boost\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">PM Gati Shakti Master Plan<\/span><\/b><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:40,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Earlier status of PM Gati Shakti Master Plan<\/span><\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Till now, the government\u2019s policy think tank,\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">NITI\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Aayog<\/strong>, and\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">department of economic affairs<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0were the key bodies to\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">spearhead\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">the overall infrastructure project implementation, apart from individual ministries handling their respective projects.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>Other key initiatives to the PM Gati Shakti Master Plan<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">An\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">online portal<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0would be launched that would integrate the existing portal and data of key infrastructure ministries. It will provide\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">real-time access to information<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0and data on various\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">infrastructure projects<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0and help in better coordination among ministries.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">NHAI\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">would act as the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">nodal agency for these logistics parks\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">and work in association with the state government and various state agencies for the execution of these warehousing facilities.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">These\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">multi-modal logistics facilities<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0would be exe\u00adcuted on a\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">public-private partnership<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">, with a project com\u00adp\u00adletion timeline of two years.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: This post is based on the article \u201c<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Gati Shakti master plan: DPIIT to monitor, implement infra projects<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201d\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">published in \u201c<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Business Standard<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201d on\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">11th October 2021<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"f3\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/remembering-jayaprakash-narayan-the-peoples-hero\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Remembering Jayaprakash Narayan, the people\u2019s hero<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong>:\u00a0This article is\u00a0based on \u201c<strong>Remembering Jayaprakash Narayan, the people\u2019s hero<\/strong>\u201d published in <strong>Indian Express<\/strong> on <strong>9th\u00a0October<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><b>What is the news?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Recently\u00a0<strong>biography of JP\u00a0Narayan &#8211;\u00a0The Dream of Revolution, authored by Bimal Prasad and Sujata Prasad<\/strong>,\u00a0was released. It\u00a0is an excellent\u00a0account\u00a0of his life, containing details about the various stages of his evolution.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Who is JP Narayan?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>He was born on 11th October 1902 in Sitabdiara, Bihar. He is also known as \u201c<strong>Lok Nayak<\/strong>\u201d. People also affectionately called him <strong>JP<\/strong>. He was a freedom fighter and one of the<strong> pioneers of the socialist movement<\/strong> in India. He was a man of great intellect and ethical values and standards.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What were the contributions of JP Narayan?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>He worked relentlessly for the poor and the underprivileged and became a symbol in the fight against corruption, anti-democratic conduct. He fought against the repressive practices of Indira Gandhi\u2019s government in the 1970s. Furthermore, he also created support for the <strong>Bhoodan movement.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h5><strong>How did JP evolve as a leader?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>JP\u2019s life can be studied under various phases. His formative years were the ones where he evolved as a political leader. He then turned to socialism. He also <strong>waged a guerrilla struggle against the British in the Terai region of Nepal.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>However, his life had a <strong>transition from socialism to Sarvodaya<\/strong>. This also led to the initiation of the <strong>Total Revolution<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>What is Total Revolution?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>It is a revolution against Indira Gandhi Regime, as she was found guilty of violating electoral laws by the Allahabad High Court. JP advocated a program of social transformation which he termed \u2018Sampoorna Kranti&#8217; (total revolution) in 1974 against corruption in public life.<\/p>\n<p>This resulted in the defeat of the Indira Gandhi government in 1977 and the <strong>installation of the first-ever non-Congress government at the Centre.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>What is so great was his stature, the position of Prime minister or President was within his reach, but he chose to work for the people at the grassroots level. This made him a true Lok Nayak.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Awards and recognitions<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Jayaprakash Narayan was posthumously conferred with India&#8217;s highest civilian award, the <strong>Bharat Ratna <\/strong>in 1999.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"f4\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/multilateral-maritime-exercise-malabar-2021-phase-ii-in-bay-of-bengal-12-15-oct-21\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MULTILATERAL MARITIME EXERCISE MALABAR 2021 \u2013 PHASE II IN BAY OF BENGAL 12 \u2013 15 OCT 21<\/a><\/h3>\n<h5><b>What is the News?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Indian Navy(IN) would be participating in the Second Phase of the 25th edition of the Multilateral Maritime Exercise Malabar to be conducted in the Bay of Bengal.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>What is Exercise Malabar?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exercise Malabar is a multilateral war-gaming naval exercise that was started in 1992.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The exercise began as a bilateral exercise between the navies of <strong>India<\/strong> and the <strong>United States<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From 2002 onward, the exercise has been conducted every year. <strong>Japan<\/strong> and <strong>Australia<\/strong> first participated in 2007. Since 2014, India, the US and Japan have participated in the exercise. In 2020 Australia too joined the Malabar Exercise.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>What is the aim of the exercise?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The exercise is aimed to support free, open and inclusive Indo-Pacific and remains committed to the rules-based international order.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>Other Exercises between India and Participating Countries of Malabar exercise<\/b><\/h5>\n<h6><b>Exercises between India and Japan<\/b><\/h6>\n<p><b>Exercise DHARMA GUARDIAN-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It is an annual joint military exercise between Indian and Japan from 2018.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>SHINYUU Maitri\u2013 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a joint exercise between the Indian Air Force and the Japanese Air Self Defence Force (JASDF).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Exercise JIMEX<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2013 The exercise is an annual Naval Exercise between Indian and Japanese naval forces.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><strong>Read more<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/bilateral-exercises-jimex-and-exercise-mitra-shakti\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bilateral exercises: JIMEX and EXERCISE MITRA SHAKTI<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h6><b>Exercises between India and Australia<\/b><\/h6>\n<p><b>Exercise AUSINDEX<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: It is a bilateral <\/span><b>maritime exercise<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> between India and Australian Navies.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/exercise-pitch-black-2020\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Exercise Pitch Black<\/a>:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It is a biennial multilateral air combat exercise hosted by the Royal Australian Air Force(RAAF) since 1981.<\/span><\/p>\n<h6><b>Exercises between India and the US<\/b><\/h6>\n<p><b>Yudh Abhyas- <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a joint military exercise between India and the US.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Tiger Triumph- <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a tri-service military exercise between India and the US.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Vajra Prahar<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: It is a Special Forces joint military training exercise conducted alternately in India and the US since 2010.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Source:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This post is based on the article \u201d<\/span><b>MULTILATERAL MARITIME EXERCISE MALABAR 2021 \u2013 PHASE II IN BAY OF BENGAL 12 \u2013 15 OCT 21<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d published in <\/span><b>\u2018PIB\u2019 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on <\/span><b>10th October 2021<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"f5\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/union-minister-of-state-for-information-and-broadcasting-dr-l-murugan-inaugurates-ras-established-under-pmmsy-at-awantipor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Union Minister of State for Information and Broadcasting Dr. L. Murugan inaugurates RAS established under PMMSY at Awantipor<\/a><\/h3>\n<h5><b>What is the News?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Union Minister of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying has inaugurated the Recirculatory Aquaculture Systems (RAS) technology for the culture of rainbow trout in the private sector under Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana(PMMSY)<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>What is <\/b><b>Recirculatory Aquaculture System(RAS) Technology?<\/b><\/h5>\n<figure id=\"attachment_140463\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-140463\" style=\"width: 567px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-140463 \" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Recirculatory-Aquaculture-Systems.png?resize=567%2C424&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"RAS\" width=\"567\" height=\"424\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Recirculatory-Aquaculture-Systems.png?w=939&amp;ssl=1 939w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Recirculatory-Aquaculture-Systems.png?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Recirculatory-Aquaculture-Systems.png?resize=768%2C575&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-140463\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Blue Ridge Aqua Culture<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This method is used for high- density culture of various species of fish, utilizing minimum land area and water.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under the Recirculatory Aquaculture System (RAS) technology, water is recycled and reused after mechanical and biological filtration and removal of suspended matter and metabolites.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>How RAC is different from other methods?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is an intensive high-density fish culture, unlike other aquaculture production systems. In the traditional method, the fish is grown in open ponds and raceways. But, in RAS the fishes are typically reared in indoor\/outdoor tanks in a controlled environment.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>What are the advantages of this method?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p>The RAS method has many advantages. Such as<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">i) Extended durability of tanks and equipment,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ii) Reduced dependency on antibiotics and therapeutants hence, an advantage of getting high-quality fish.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">iii) Reduction of direct operational costs associated with feed, predator control and parasites.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">iv) Risk reduction due to climatic factors, disease and parasite impacts<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">v) RAS production can promote flexibility in terms of location for farming, proximity to market.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>What are the disadvantages of this method?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A constant <strong>uninterrupted power supply<\/strong> is required if electric power fails, then a backup of electricity is required.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <strong>capital cost<\/strong> of starting a recirculating aquaculture system is high as compared to ponds and raceways.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Source: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This post is based on the article<\/span><b> \u201d<\/b><b>Union Minister of State for Information and Broadcasting Dr. L. Murugan inaugurates RAS established under PMMSY<\/b><b>\u201d <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">published in <\/span><b>\u2018PIB\u2019 <\/b>on <b>10th October 2021.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"f6\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/padma-vibhushan-dr-teejan-bai-inspires-mentees-and-mentors-of-goal-program-of-ministry-of-tribal-affairs-and-facebook-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Padma Vibhushan Dr. Teejan Bai inspires mentees and mentors of GOAL program of Ministry of Tribal Affairs and Facebook India<\/a><\/h3>\n<h5><strong>What is the News?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Dr. Teejan Bai, a Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibhushan awardee addressed the Mentees and Mentors of the GOAL program as part of the Inspiration Masterclass on GOAL Program.<\/p>\n<h5><b>What is the GOAL Program about?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Going Online as Leaders<\/strong>(GOAL) Program was launched by the <strong>Ministry of Tribal Affairs<\/strong> (MoTA) and <strong>Facebook<\/strong> in 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Aim:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> To <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">provide skilling for tribal youth with a focus on enabling digital presence in addition to strengthening core skills to drive their professional-economical upliftment.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>What are the key features of the GOAL Program?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><b>Firstly,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the program intends to upskill and empower <strong>5,000 tribal youths<\/strong> over the course of the <strong>next five years. <\/strong>They will be trained to harness the full potential of digital platforms and tools to learn new ways of doing business, explore and connect with domestic and international markets.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Secondly<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, it is designed to provide mentorship to tribal youth through digital mode and envisages to act as a catalyst to explore the hidden talents of the tribal youth. This will help in their personal development as well as contribute to the all-around upliftment of their society.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Thirdly,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as part of the program, in addition to the core classes, fortnightly expert sessions are also organized wherein distinguished leaders and experts from various fields are invited to interact with the mentees of the GOAL Program. They will guide the mentee&#8217;s development through personal and professional experiences.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Source:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This post is based on the article<\/span><b> \u201d<\/b><b>Padma Vibhushan Dr. Teejan Bai inspires mentees and mentors of GOAL program of Ministry of Tribal Affairs and Facebook India<\/b><b>\u201d <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">published in <\/span><b>\u2018PIB\u2019 on 10th October 2021.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"f7\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/palk-bay-scheme-to-get-a-fillip-murugan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Palk Bay scheme to get a fillip: Murugan<\/a><\/h3>\n<h5><b>What is the News?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Union Government is considering increasing the unit cost of deep-sea fishing vessels to make them more attractive to fisherfolk. At present, the Palk Bay scheme covers fishing vessels up to Rs 80 Lakh. The government is considering to increase this amount to Rs 1.3 Cr.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>What is the Palk Bay Scheme?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Palk Bay Scheme is also known as Scheme for Diversification Of Trawl Fishing Boats From Palk Straits Into Deep Sea Fishing Boats.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The scheme was launched by the Government of India in 2017 as a Centrally sponsored scheme.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>What are the objectives of the scheme?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><b>Firstly, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">it is a Tamil Nadu-specific scheme aimed at providing 2,000 vessels in three years to fishermen of the State and motivating them to abandon bottom trawling.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><strong>Must read<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/india-sri-lanka-maritime-dispute-explained\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">India-Sri Lanka Maritime dispute &#8211; Explained<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b>Secondly<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, it aims to <\/span><b>reduce fishing pressure <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">around the proximity of the <\/span><b>International Maritime Boundary Line (IMBL)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> so that Tamil Nadu fishermen do not cross the IMBL and fish in Sri Lankan waters.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>What is the funding Pattern of the Scheme?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under the scheme is the Centre is providing 50% cost of the fishing vessel, the State government is providing 20% cost and the 10% cost will be the Institutional funding. The beneficiary will put the remaining 20% for the vessel.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Scheme is<\/span><b> limited to vessels costing up to Rs. 80 Lakh.<\/b><\/p>\n<h5><b>What is Bottom Trawling?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-79313\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/bottom-trawling.png?resize=300%2C169&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"bottom trawling\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/bottom-trawling.png?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/bottom-trawling.png?resize=150%2C84&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/bottom-trawling.png?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/bottom-trawling.png?w=912&amp;ssl=1 912w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is an ecologically destructive fishing practice. It involves trawlers dragging weighted nets along the seafloor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> major problem in bottom trawling is <\/span><b>Bycatch<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (captures juvenile fish and other non-targeted fish species). This will cause great depletion of aquatic resources and affect marine conservation efforts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Source: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This post is based on the article<\/span><b> \u201d<\/b><b>Palk Bay scheme to get a fillip: Murugan<\/b><b>\u201d <\/b>published in<b> \u2018The Hindu\u2019 <\/b>on <b>08th October 2021.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dear Friends We have initiated some changes in the 9 PM Brief and other postings related to current affairs.\u00a0What we sought to do: Ensure that all relevant facts, data, and arguments from today\u2019s newspaper are readily available to you. We have widened the sources to provide you with content that is more than enough and&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-october-11th-2021\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief \u2013 October 11th, 2021<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":80071,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"9pm-brief-template.php","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,9],"tags":[8032,1542,8033],"class_list":["post-140568","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9-pm-brief","category-public","tag-current-affairs-for-upsc","tag-daily-current-affairs-for-upsc","tag-upsc-current-affairs","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Copy-of-9-PM-Brief-4.png?fit=448%2C250&ssl=1","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/140568","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=140568"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/140568\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80071"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=140568"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=140568"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=140568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}