{"id":14531,"date":"2018-01-16T13:10:41","date_gmt":"2018-01-16T07:40:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=14531"},"modified":"2018-01-15T13:11:26","modified_gmt":"2018-01-15T07:41:26","slug":"answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-january-15-2018","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-january-15-2018\/","title":{"rendered":"Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 January 15, 2018"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/mains-marathon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Archives<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q1) \u201cChina may have strong economic relations and healthy trade with other nations but India is not a weak country too.\u201d In this context, discuss the bolstering capacities of India. Mention the key areas where China has been making adverse impact on India as her neighbor. (GS-2)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Context:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Indian Ministry of Defence has decided to significantly enhance infrastructure along the Sino-Indian border including near Doklam.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What are the bolstering capabilities of India?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) following the Dokalam standoff had fast-tracked the <\/span><b>construction of the 73 strategic India-China Border Roads<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> along the LAC, most of which are planned to be completed by 2022.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Besides developing proper road connectivity, India is also ensuring the <\/span><b>capability development of its forces<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">through force multipliers such as artillery guns and helicopters to be ready for any future conflict.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><b>road map for intra-sector connectivity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> within the central sector and the inter-sector connectivity with neighboring areas is also taken into consideration.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What are the causes of friction between India and China?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India has done well since 1991 and has emerged as one of the largest economies in the world, but the gap with China will remain enduring for the foreseeable future. Some of the causes of friction between India and China are as follows:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the major reasons of tension between India and China is the <\/span><b>border dispute<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> surrounding Arunachal Pradesh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is another region named <\/span><b>Aksai Chin in Jammu and Kashmir<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that is part of this border dispute as well; Arunachal Pradesh is a part of India while Aksai Chin is a part of China.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China has also been opposed to <\/span><b>India\u2019s entry in Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that contains 48 countries in all.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China wants to be <\/span><b>a dominant force in Indian Ocean<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. China has adopted a strategy named String of Pearls whereby it has set up bases all across the area, where India and the US maintain naval bases as well.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thus, India is afraid that this is a major containment strategy by its northeastern neighbours.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In case of China and India, <\/span><b>water issues<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are becoming major area of concern between two states.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China\u2019s plan of constructing big dams and diverting the water of rivers to its own advantage has discontented in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Conclusion:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India needs to be <\/span><b>self-reliant<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the defence sector.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Jointness and integration by all services<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> should be a priority for emerging challenges.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moreover, utmost priority has to be given to <\/span><b>procurement of arms, ammunition and equipment<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q.2) \u00a0In the light of modern slavery, what are the reasons for India\u2019s rejection of the recent report introduced by Global Slavery Index, 2016. Critically analysis the arguments attached to it. (GS-1)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Context:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India sends a refutation to the International Labour Organisation (ILO) challenging India\u2019s ranking in a global slavery report.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The country will now build pressure on the global body to distance itself from the Australian-based NGO-Walk Free Foundation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What is India\u2019s position in the recent Global Slavery Index?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The 2016 Global Slavery Index estimates that <\/span><b>45.8 million people<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are subject to some form of modern slavery in the world today.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now, India has been ranked <\/span><b>4th out of 167 countries<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The top three countries were <\/span><b>North Korea, Uzbekistan and Cambodia<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2016, it was deemed to have some 18.3 million people trapped in slavery.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2017, about 1.4% of the population working under coercive conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Why is India against the report?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India has raised question about why the International Labour Organization (ILO) tied up with Walk Free Foundation \u00a0(WFF) to produce a report on \u2018modern slavery\u2019, <\/span><b>a term ILO hasn\u2019t so far defined <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in its own convention.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ILO, <\/span><b>without following any protocol<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, endorsed WFF\u2019s survey.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Where is India lagging behind?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The long-term structural weakness of India\u2019s economic reform has been the <\/span><b>inability to expand the market for jobs in sync with its demographic growth<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many of these new-age slaves are <\/span><b>women and children<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the most vulnerable sections on the frontline of economic slowdown and poverty.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increase in number of slaves every year is due to the <\/span><b>rank failure of India\u2019s law enforcement institutions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q.3) Rural unemployment is still of the biggest hurdle for India\u2019s economic growth rate; one of its key reasons is crop failure. Examine the other reason for the same. Suggest some measures for improvement. (GS-3)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Context:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After an array of suicidal cases of the farmers in India, the Rural Development Ministry is in the midst of examining proposals that promises to leapfrog job creation for the rural youth.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What are the causes of rural unemployment in India?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the report, Rural Agricultural Commission, Indian Agriculturalists are unemployed for about 6 months in a year. Some of the reasons are as follows:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>In India the population is excessively increasing:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> At this rate of increase in population, no country can guarantee full employment to its hands.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>The employment planning of the government is not adequate:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In comparison to population growth, employment opportunities did not increase.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Agricultural drawbacks:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>India has a limited area of agricultural land: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Attempt is being made to break the barren land and bring greater area under the orbit of the agriculture.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Agriculture in India is a seasonal affair:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> There is a season for sowing and harvesting. After that the farmers have no job.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Agricultural people are not educated:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Due to lack of education, they are not able to utilise their energy in proper manner.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Agricultural holdings are small:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the lands are scattered and fragmented. Because of these drawbacks, the agricultural product is not at all sufficient for the people who depend who depend on it.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Rural India depend directly on various cottage industries for their livelihood: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But, now-a-days, these are adversely affected by the industrialisation process.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The present woes of agrarian distress is a result of having <\/span><b>no vision for agriculture sector which is mostly dependent on farming and its failure is affecting other sectors including the banking<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What are the government initiatives to generate rural employment in India?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, MGNREGA):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It is an Indian labour law and social securilty measure that aims to guarantee the right to work.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It aims to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or DDU-GKY: It is Government of India youth employment scheme.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It aims to target youth, under the age group of 15\u201335 years.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DDU-GKY is a part of the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM), tasked with the dual objectives of adding diversity to the incomes of rural poor families and cater to the career aspirations of rural youth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Prime Minister\u2019s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Jobs created by the Prime Minister\u2019s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP), generates employment in rural and urban areas by initiating new micro enterprises and small projects.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Make in India Programme:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The main aim of the Make in India programme is to generate employment in the manufacturing sector.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Startup India: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under this programme, the government encouraged banks to provide finance to young entrepreneurs to start their own business ventures.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What is the way forward?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>More cottage industries and other industries pertaining to agriculture need set up<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the village.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Demand for the industrial manufacturing sector has to come from rural India which can be generated by<\/span><b>increasing the purchasing power of rural population<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> where farming remains the main activity of employment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Unless the farming infrastructure receives significant boost<\/strong>, farmers in India will stop finding agriculture as a viable source of income.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Archives\u00a0 Q1) \u201cChina may have strong economic relations and healthy trade with other nations but India is not a weak country too.\u201d In this context, discuss the bolstering capacities of India. Mention the key areas where China has been making adverse impact on India as her neighbor. (GS-2) Context: The Indian Ministry of Defence has&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-january-15-2018\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 January 15, 2018<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":2292,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14531","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mains-marathon-answers","category-public","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pen-paper-laptop.jpg?fit=1000%2C500&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704786085},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14531","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14531"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14531\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14531"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14531"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14531"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}