{"id":147946,"date":"2021-11-20T21:00:41","date_gmt":"2021-11-20T15:30:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=147946"},"modified":"2022-09-08T16:14:09","modified_gmt":"2022-09-08T10:44:09","slug":"9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-november-20th-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-november-20th-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief \u2013 November 20th, 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"content-box-red\">Dear Friends<br \/>\nWe have initiated some changes in the 9 PM Brief and other postings related to current affairs.\u00a0What we sought to do:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ensure that all relevant facts, data, and arguments from today\u2019s newspaper are readily available to you.<\/li>\n<li>We have widened the sources to provide you with content that is more than enough and adds value not just for GS but also for essay writing. Hence, the 9 PM brief now covers the following newspapers:\n<ol>\n<li><strong>The Hindu\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Indian Express\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Livemint\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Business Standard\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Times of India\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Down To Earth<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>PIB<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>We have also introduced the relevance part to every article. This ensures that you know why a particular article is important.<\/li>\n<li>Since these changes are new, so initially the number of articles might increase, but they&#8217;ll go down over time.<\/li>\n<li>It is our endeavor to provide you with the best content and your feedback is essential for the same. We will be anticipating your feedback and ensure the blog serves as an optimal medium of learning for all the aspirants.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>For previous editions of 9 PM Brief<\/strong> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-brief\/\">Click Here<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>For individual articles of 9 PM Brief<\/strong>&#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/daily-current-affairs-summaries-for-upsc-exam\/\">Click Here<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"p-3 mb-2 bg-info text-white text-center\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Mains Oriented Articles\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"mb-0\"><strong style=\"font-family: var(--heading--font-family); font-size: 24px; letter-spacing: var(--heading--letter-spacing-h3); background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary);\">GS Paper 2<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#gs11\">How SC verdict on real estate Act benefits homebuyers<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#gs12\">Global challenges can be tackled in spite of great power rivalry<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#gs13\">Error corrected: Regarding POCSO Act<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"mb-0\"><strong style=\"font-family: var(--heading--font-family); font-size: 24px; letter-spacing: var(--heading--letter-spacing-h3); background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary);\">GS Paper 3<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#gs21\">Why India\u2019s pro-rich, anti-poor taxation policies must change<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#gs22\">Forced evolution<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#gs23\">A stimulating alliance<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#gs24\">The story of an arrest, a \u2018resolution\u2019 and retribution<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#gs25\">Air pollution impacts productivity. Mitigations generate economic gains<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"mb-0\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Prelims Orie<\/strong><strong>nted Articles (Factly)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#f1\">PM inaugurates the first Global Innovation Summit of the Pharmaceuticals sector<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f2\">DRI seizes of 85.535 kg gold, apprehends 4 foreign nationals in Operation \u201cMolten Metal\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f3\">Union Minister for MSME launched Special Credit Linked Capital Subsidy Scheme (SCLCSS) for Services Sector<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f4\">Geographical Information System (GIS) plans for around 75% Gram Panchayats completed<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f5\">Russia Successfully Test Fires Zircon Hypersonic Missile<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f7\">India stands at 82 in global bribery risk rankings, dips by five spots<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f8\">India-built Jaffna Cultural Centre awaits inauguration<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f9\">Weigh future potential when awarding relief: SC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f10\">Explained: CCI market study on pharma sector<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f11\">Explained: The process for repealing a law<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f12\">Govt school enrolments lower in 8 states compared to pre-pandemic period<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f13\">Union Minister inaugurates first of its kind, world\u2019s most sophisticated, latest MRI facility at the National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Manesar, Haryana<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f14\">Central forces, state cops require better coordination: Shah<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f15\">Hon\u2019ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi to inaugurate IFSCA\u2019s InFinity Forum on 3rd December 2021<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"p-3 mb-2 bg-info text-red text-center\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Mains Oriented Articles<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"mb-0\"><strong style=\"font-family: var(--heading--font-family); font-size: 24px; letter-spacing: var(--heading--letter-spacing-h3); background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary);\">GS Paper 2<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3><a id=\"gs11\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/how-sc-verdict-on-real-estate-act-benefits-homebuyers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How SC verdict on real estate Act benefits homebuyers<\/a><\/h3>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> This post is based on the article \u201c<strong>How SC verdict on real estate Act benefits homebuyers<\/strong>\u201d published in <strong>Indian Express<\/strong> on <strong>20th November<\/strong> 2021.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Syllabus<\/strong>: GS 2 -Issues related to the development of the housing sector<\/p>\n<p><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> Real Estate Regulatory Authority Act (RERA) 2016<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>News: <\/strong>Recently, The Supreme Court has ruled some changes in the Real Estate Regulatory Authority Act (RERA) to protect the interests of homebuyers<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Read more: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/what-the-sc-order-on-rera-means-for-homebuyers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What SC order on RERA means for homebuyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>What did the court rule on homebuyers recovering their investment?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Supreme court observed that, under Sec. 40 RERA 2016, the homebuyers are entitled to recover the amount invested along with interest as land revenue arrears from builders.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why the Real Estate Regulatory Authority Act (RERA) 2016 was enacted?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>RERA was introduced with the objective of ensuring greater accountability towards consumers, reducing frauds and delays, and setting up a fast-track dispute resolution mechanism.<\/p>\n<p><strong>To secure the hard-earned money of Indian citizens<\/strong>: More than 77% of the total assets of an average Indian household are held in real estate, and it\u2019s the single largest investment of an individual in his lifetime.<\/p>\n<p><strong>To provide accountability to consumers<\/strong>: Prior to the law, the real estate and housing sector were largely unregulated. Consumers were unable to hold builders and developers accountable. For instance, The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 was inadequate to address the needs of homebuyers.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a id=\"gs12\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/global-challenges-can-be-tackled-in-spite-of-great-power-rivalry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Global challenges can be tackled in spite of great power rivalry<\/a><\/h3>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> This post is based on the following article &#8220;<strong>Global challenges can be tackled in spite of great power rivalry<\/strong>&#8221;\u00a0published in <strong>Livemint<\/strong> on 19th Nov 2021.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Syllabus:<\/strong> GS2 \u2013Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and\/or affecting India\u2019s interests.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Relevance: <\/strong>To understand the global issues of today that need the cooperation of all countries including the great powers despite their rivalry.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>News: <\/strong>The Global Commission has issued a similar dire warning, as it was issued in 1972 through a study on &#8216;The Limits of Growth&#8217;.<\/p>\n<p>In its recent report, the Commission(group of eminent global citizens drawn from across the world), has highlighted the <strong>key challenges facing the world today.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>What does the report states about global challenges and their management?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Firstly<\/strong>, the report states that while technical solutions to global challenges are known, the<strong> global institutions and governance<\/strong> priorities necessary to deliver these solutions are <strong>missing<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>-There is no global institution, not even organizations of the United Nations, that has the clout required to override the priorities of individual countries, especially major powers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Secondly<\/strong>, there is an asymmetry between key global challenges and national policy responses, especially those of advanced countries, which is itself a key challenge.<\/p>\n<p>-Several <strong>covid<\/strong> vaccines are now available, a great achievement of scientists, but the distribution of vaccines in most developing countries has been very limited.<\/p>\n<p><strong>-Climate crisis<\/strong>-Once again, the technologies required to replace carbon emitting fossil fuels by renewables\u00a0 \u00a0are known and commercially viable. But most developing countries lack the resources to finance the massive investments required to make the transition within the time available to prevent catastrophic global warming.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Thirdly,<\/strong> the Commission has identified increasingly fraught relations between the two most powerful nations, China and the US, as the most dangerous challenge we face today.<\/p>\n<p>-A robust framework of communications can preempt misunderstandings and accidental conflict.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What is the role of India?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>India will mainly be a passive recipient of what great power rivalry leaves up. However, along with its partners, India can seek to nudge both China and the US towards positive-sum outcomes that address the key global challenges of our times.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a id=\"gs13\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/error-corrected-regarding-pocso-act\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Error corrected: Regarding POCSO Act<\/a><\/h3>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong>: This post is based on the article \u201c<strong>Error corrected<\/strong>\u201d published in\u00a0<b>The Hindu\u00a0<\/b>on\u00a0<strong>20th November 2021<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Syllabus<\/strong>: GS2 \u2013 Mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of vulnerable sections.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Relevance<\/strong>: To understand the reason behind the recent Supreme Court Judgment on POCSO Act.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>News<\/strong>: Recently, the Supreme Court has set aside the controversial judgment of the Bombay HC which held that \u2018skin-to-skin\u2019 contact is necessary for an act to be classified as sexual assault under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences(POCSO) Act.<\/p>\n<h5>About the judgment<\/h5>\n<p><strong>Read here<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/sexual-intent-not-skin-to-skin-contact-key-sc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sexual intent, not skin-to-skin contact, key: SC<\/a><\/p>\n<h5>About the POCSO Act<\/h5>\n<p><strong>Read here<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/the-pocso-act-and-associated-issues\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The POCSO Act and associated issues<\/a><\/p>\n<h5>Why the Bombay High Court verdict is controversial?<\/h5>\n<p>-Ignored the basic fact that the entire Act is aimed at penalising actions rooted in &#8216;sexual intent&#8217;. So the judgment is out of sync with the legislative intent behind the enactment of stringent law.<\/p>\n<p>-The law is to protect children based on principles found in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.<\/p>\n<p>-Restricting the interpretation of the words \u2018touch\u2019 or \u2018physical contact\u2019 to \u2018skin to skin contact&#8217; would be a narrow and pedantic interpretation of Section 7 of the POCSO Act.<\/p>\n<p>So, the Supreme Court verdict ensured that the core ingredient of a sexual offence is the \u201csexual intent\u201d.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"mb-0\"><strong style=\"font-family: var(--heading--font-family); font-size: 24px; letter-spacing: var(--heading--letter-spacing-h3); background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary);\">GS Paper 3<\/strong><\/h3>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a id=\"gs21\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/why-indias-pro-rich-anti-poor-taxation-policies-must-change\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Why India\u2019s pro-rich, anti-poor taxation policies must change<\/a><\/h3>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> This post is based on the article \u201c<strong>Why India\u2019s pro-rich, anti-poor taxation policies must change<\/strong>\u201d published in <strong>Indian Express<\/strong> on <strong>20th November<\/strong> 2021.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Syllabus<\/strong>: GS 3- Inclusive Growth and issues arising from it.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> \u00a0Inequality, progressive taxation, inclusive growth<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>News: <\/strong>The government\u2019s fiscal policy is pro-rich and anti-poor. It is depriving the exchequer of some of the resources it needs to handle issues such as climate change<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Why it is said that the government&#8217;s taxation policy is anti-poor and pro-rich?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pro-rich policies:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Replacing the wealth tax with an income tax for households that earned more than 10 million rupees annually.<\/p>\n<p>Reduction in the corporate tax rate for companies from 30 percent to 22 percent.<\/p>\n<p>Corporate tax for manufacturing firms incorporated after October 1, 2019, was reduced from 25 to 15 percent.<\/p>\n<p>Increasing the income tax exemption limit from Rs 2,00,000 to 2,50,000. The tax rate for incomes up to Rs 5 lakh was also reduced from 10 to 5 percent.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Increased indirect taxes: <\/strong>Pro-rich taxation policy has deprived the state of important resources. To compensate for the decline of direct taxes, the government has increased indirect taxes. Indirect taxes affect all Indians, irrespective of their income. For instance, taxes on petroleum products<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why the government should resort to a progressive taxation policy?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Reduce inequality: <\/strong>A 2018 Oxfam report revealed that 10 percent of the richest Indians hold 77.4 percent of the nation\u2019s wealth.<\/p>\n<p><strong>To mobilise funding for welfare schemes<\/strong>: According to The IIFL Wealth Hurun India Rich List of 2019, a tax rate of four percent on the nation\u2019s 953 richest families would give the government the equivalent of one percent of India\u2019s GDP.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to that, the country has one of the world\u2019s fastest-growing populations of millionaires. The average wealth of these millionaires has increased by 74 percent over this period<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a id=\"gs22\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/forced-evolution\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forced evolution<\/a><\/h3>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> This post is based on the article \u201c<strong>Forced evolution<\/strong>\u201d published in <strong>Business Standard<\/strong> on <strong>17th November<\/strong> 2021.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Syllabus<\/strong>: GS 3- issues related to Conservation of species.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> Evolution of species<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>News: <\/strong>Human&#8217;s exploitation has led to forced evolutionary changes in other species. There is a need to minimise this risk.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How human&#8217;s exploitation has led to forced evolutionary changes in other species?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Loss of useful traits:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In Mozambique, Past hunting pressure has led to an increase of naturally tuskless elephants. According to researchers, decades of poaching have made tusklessness relatively advantageous from an evolutionary standpoint in Gorongosa. This has resulted in the proliferation of tuskless females with mutations in two tooth genes.<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, a rapid decrease in horn size of bighorn sheep, a prime target for trophy hunting in North America, has been noticed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Decrease in body size of species<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>High harvesting rates of larger fish have resulted in significant decreases in body size and earlier age of maturation in several species like Atlantic cod, Atlantic salmon<\/p>\n<p>In the case of the red kangaroo, hunters target the larger individuals in a group, and there is evidence that the average size has declined.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What are the negative consequences of it?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In the short term, exploitative selection may appear to be an escape from extinction, but there are multiple drawbacks.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Extinction and loss of genetic variation:<\/strong> Humans target animals with certain desirable physical properties or phenotypes. It results in increased mortality among animals with desirable phenotypes. Consequently, those features start to decrease in frequency.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Difficulty in carrying routine activities to animals<\/strong>:\u00a0For example, Tusks are not just ornamental. They serve a purpose\u201d, elephants use tusks to dig for water and strip tree bark for food. With the loss of useful traits, they might be unable to perform their basic needs.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Increase in drug-resistant superbugs:<\/strong> Antibiotics impose extreme selection pressure on microbes, fungus and parasites. As a consequence, the microbes evolve to resist any drugs.<\/p>\n<p>For example, DDT-resistant mosquitoes. When the use of DDT as an insecticide started in the 1940s, the DDT -resistant ability of Mosquitoes increased. Now mosquitoes are largely immune to the chemical.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What is the way forward?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The application of genomic technology can minimise the risk of harmful genetic changes caused by the exploitation of wild species to some extent.<\/p>\n<p>Until then, humans \u00a0must avoid levels of exploitation that require several years of evolutionary recovery<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a id=\"gs23\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/a-stimulating-alliance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A stimulating alliance<\/a><\/h3>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> This post is based on the article \u201c<strong>A stimulating alliance<\/strong>\u201d published in <strong>The Hindu<\/strong> on 19th November 2021.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Syllabus:<\/strong> GS3 \u2013Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Relevance: <\/strong>To understand the issue and need for sharing revenue with states.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>News: <\/strong>Finance Minister announced that the Centre will release over \u20b995,000 crores in one stroke to States this month.<\/p>\n<p>The decision came after meeting with Chief Ministers and State Finance Ministers to discuss the state of the economy and to sustain the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why was it required?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The central policy fixes will not suffice to revive the country\u2019s <strong>stagnant investment cycle<\/strong> until States works along.<\/p>\n<p>An<strong> economy-focused dialogue,<\/strong> independent of Budget consultations and GST Council meetings, with the states, is the need of the hour.<\/p>\n<p>It seeks to <strong>strengthen<\/strong> the trust of states by its acceptance of States\u2019 request to expedite the sharing of taxable revenues \u2014 as in the case of GST compensation for this year.<\/p>\n<p>The cash flow could also help several States <strong>catch up on their CAPEX targets<\/strong>, on which hinges an additional borrowing limit of 0.5% of their GSDP.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Public investments<\/strong> need to initially lift the economy for several more quarters before the private sector can be expected to spur the economy\u2019s growth.<\/p>\n<p>The Centre and States need to jointly provide <strong>easier and swifter clearances<\/strong> to potential investors. More states are needed to join the single window system.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a id=\"gs24\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/the-story-of-an-arrest-a-resolution-and-retribution\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The story of an arrest, a \u2018resolution\u2019 and retribution<\/a><\/h3>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> This post is based on the article \u201c<strong>The story of an arrest, a \u2018resolution\u2019 and retribution<\/strong>\u201d published in <strong>The Hindu<\/strong> on 20th Nov 2021.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Syllabus:<\/strong> GS3-Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development, and employment.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Relevance: <\/strong>To understand issues related to the debt recovery system and its performance.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>News: <\/strong>The recent arrest of a former SBI chairman in a case related to a hotel project in Jaisalmer, that was financed by the bank, got mixed reactions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Background<\/strong>-The hotel availed a loan of \u20b925 crores from the SBI in 2007. It became a non-performing asset in June 2010. The bank later assigned the loan, which was valued at \u20b940 crores, to the Asset Reconstruction Company(ARC) which pursued the matter in the DRT (Debt Recovery Tribunal) and under the SARFAESI Act.<\/p>\n<p>It also approached the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why do banks settle for less payment?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The bank recovered \u20b925 crores out of dues of \u20b940 crores. Recovering over 60% is excellent, when globally, such sales yield only around 30% or less. In India, recoveries average only 23.2% across various channels.<\/p>\n<p>Firstly, it depends on a banker\u2019s judgment that recovering an even smaller amount today is better<br \/>\nthen recovering an uncertain amount in the distant future, given the <strong>time value of money and delays in our judicial processes.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Secondly, investing people and money in messy recovery processes distracts a bank from its core business.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What are the steps taken to strengthen recovery and its failures?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In 1962, after the Palai Central Bank failed, an amended RBI Act provided for a <strong>credit information <\/strong><strong>bureau<\/strong> that would have strengthened information sharing among bankers soon became dysfunctional.<\/p>\n<p>In 1971, a study group recommended setting up a Credit Information Trust. The entire system<br \/>\nwas discontinued in 1995.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>Debt Recovery Tribunal<\/strong> was introduced in 1993 following the <strong>Narasimham Committee<\/strong> recommendations of 1991.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>SARFAESI Act<\/strong> was passed later, intended to speed up recovery and strengthen the hands of bankers. But, the system, over the years, became compromised in different ways.<\/p>\n<p>-This included the non-appointment of judges, failed auctions, delayed payments, and so on.<\/p>\n<p>The IBC is the most effective system to date to secure the interests of the lender.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a id=\"gs25\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/air-pollution-impacts-productivity-mitigations-generate-economic-gains\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Air pollution impacts productivity. Mitigations generate economic gains<\/a><\/h3>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> This post is based on the article \u201c<strong>Air pollution impacts productivity. Mitigations generate economic gains<\/strong>\u201d published in <strong>ToI<\/strong> on <strong>20th November<\/strong> 2021.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Syllabus<\/strong>: GS 3- Conservation, Environmental Pollution and Degradation, Environmental Impact Assessment.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> Impacts of air pollution<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>News: <\/strong>Researcher from Columbia University outlines the economic costs of human exposure to air pollution<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>What are the impacts of air pollution on human well-being?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>It includes both health outcomes and non-health outcomes<\/p>\n<p><strong>Impact on health outcomes:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PM 2.5 can affect the respiratory and cardiovascular systems<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Children, when exposed to air pollution during sensitive periods in their lives, it impacts their cognitive performance.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Non-health outcomes:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Impact on worker productivity: <\/strong>for instance, if a farmer, is exposed to high levels of air pollution, it could lead to laboured breathing or changes in the heart rate which can impact the ability to work.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sizable economic damages: <\/strong>Decreased worker productivity when valued in terms of money, it gets translated to millions of dollars being lost. In India, which has much greater air pollution levels, the economic damages are likely to be much higher.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Impact on living organisms<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Impact on butterflies:<\/strong> Increased Nitrogen deposits in soil due to air pollution creates acidic conditions. This reduces the nutrients caterpillars need to grow.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Impact on Koalas<\/strong>: air pollution via carbon dioxide in the atmosphere gradually destroys the nutrients from the eucalyptus leaves which koalas eat. Further, Carbon dioxide in eucalyptus builds up toxic \u2018anti-nutrients\u2019 like tannin which cannot be digested by koalas. As a consequence, koalas could significantly decline due to a loss in these leaves.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Impact on small birds<\/strong>: Studies in the US have found that Ozone pollution damages the respiratory systems and reduces the food sources of small birds like sparrows, warblers and finches.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What are the recommendations for air pollution mitigations in India?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>First,<\/strong> mitigations can either reduce the use of fossil fuels or capture the emissions from the fossil fuel by including measures like catalytic converters for cars.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Second,<\/strong> transitioning to clean energy like solar or wind power is another mitigation strategy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Third,<\/strong> for immediate impacts, there could be a driving restriction to reduce the number of vehicles on the road<\/p>\n<p>However, certain factors are key to the success of such mitigations. These include how costly the technology is in terms of application and the impacts on jobs as well as the enforcement and compliance levels which governments can achieve for these.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"p-3 mb-2 bg-info text-red text-center\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Prelims Orie<\/strong><strong>nted Articles (Factly)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><a id=\"f1\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/pm-inaugurates-the-first-global-innovation-summit-of-the-pharmaceuticals-sector\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PM inaugurates the first Global Innovation Summit of the Pharmaceuticals sector<\/a><\/h3>\n<h5><b>What is the News?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Prime Minister has<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> inaugurated the first Global Innovation Summit of the Pharmaceuticals sector.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>About Global Innovation Summit of the Pharmaceuticals Sector<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><b>Organized by: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian Pharmaceutical Association.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Aim: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To bring together key Indian and international stakeholders from the government, industry, academia, investors, and researchers to foster a thriving innovation ecosystem in the Pharmaceuticals Sector.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>What are the key highlights from the summit?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><em><b>Firstly,<\/b><\/em> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the Indian pharmaceutical industry has risen to the challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic and earned global trust, which has led to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India being called the \u2018pharmacy of the world\u2019<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><b>Secondly, <\/b><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India has exported more than 65 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines to about 100 countries in 2021. India exported medical equipment and life-saving medicines to more than 150 countries during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><b>Thirdly,<\/b><\/em> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the Indian pharmaceutical industry provides employment to nearly 3 million people, and generates a trade surplus of about thirteen billion dollars.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><b>Lastly, <\/b><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the Indian healthcare sector has attracted over $12 billion in foreign direct investment (FDI) since 2014.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Source: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This post is based on the article<\/span><b> \u201c<\/b><b>PM inaugurates the first Global Innovation Summit of the Pharmaceuticals<\/b><b>\u201d <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">published by <\/span><b>PIB <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on <\/span><b>20th Nov 2021.<\/b><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a id=\"f2\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/dri-seizes-of-85-535-kg-gold-apprehends-4-foreign-nationals-in-operation-molten-metal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DRI seizes of 85.535 kg gold, apprehends 4 foreign nationals in Operation \u201cMolten Metal\u201d<\/a><\/h3>\n<h5><b>What is the News?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) recently conducted an Operation code-named \u201cMolten Metal\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>What was the aim of Operation Molten Metal?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Operation Molten Metal was launched to nab several Indian and foreign nationals suspected to be indulging in <strong>smuggling gold<\/strong> into India from Hong Kong using the air cargo route.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>What is the Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI)?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DRI is the <\/span><b>apex anti-smuggling agency<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of India, constituted in 1957.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Nodal Ministry:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It works under the Central Board of Indirect Taxes &amp; Customs (CBIC), Ministry of Finance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Mandate:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is tasked with detecting and curbing smuggling of contraband, including drug trafficking and illicit international trade in wildlife and environmentally sensitive items, as well as combating commercial frauds related to international trade and evasion of Customs duty.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DRI has also been designated as the <\/span><b>lead agency for the Anti-Smuggling National Coordination Centre (SCord).<\/b><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><em>Central board of Indirect taxes (CBIC) is the nodal national agency responsible for administering Customs, GST, Central Excise, Service Tax &amp; Narcotics in India. It is part of the Department of Revenue under Union Ministry of Finance. It is headquartered in New Delhi.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b>Source:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This post is based on the article<\/span><b> \u201c<\/b><b>DRI seizes 85.535 kg gold, apprehends 4 foreign nationals in Operation<\/b><b>\u201d <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">published by <\/span><b>PIB <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on <\/span><b>20th Nov 2021.<\/b><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a id=\"f3\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/union-minister-for-msme-launched-special-credit-linked-capital-subsidy-scheme-sclcss-for-services-sector\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Union Minister for MSME launched Special Credit Linked Capital Subsidy Scheme (SCLCSS) for Services Sector<\/a><\/h3>\n<h5><b>What is the News?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Union Minister for MSME has launched the Special Credit Linked Capital Subsidy Scheme (SCLCSS) for the services sector.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>What is Special Credit Linked Capital Subsidy Scheme (SCLCSS) for the services sector?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The scheme aims to<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">help in meeting the <strong>technology related requirements<\/strong> of enterprises in the<strong> services sector.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Under the scheme,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> there is a provision of 25% capital subsidy for procurement of plant and machinery and service equipment. Subsidy is to be given via institutional credit to the SC\/ST micro and small enterprises (MSEs) without any sector specific restrictions on technology degradation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Significance<\/strong>: The scheme will help in meeting the technology related requirements of enterprises in the services sector.<\/p>\n<p><b>Source:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0This post is based on the article<\/span><b> \u201c<\/b><b>Union Minister for MSME launched Special Credit Linked Capital Subsidy Scheme (SCLCSS) for Services Sector<\/b><b>\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> published in<\/span> <b>PIB <\/b><b>on <\/b><b>19th Nov 2021<\/b><b>.<\/b><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a id=\"f4\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/geographical-information-system-gis-plans-for-around-75-gram-panchayats-completed\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Geographical Information System (GIS) plans for around 75% Gram Panchayats completed<\/a><\/h3>\n<h5><b>What is the News?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Ministry of Rural Development has completed Geographical Information System (GIS) plans for two lakh out of the 2.69 lakh Gram Panchayats (GPs) under Mahatma Gandhi NREGA using remote sensing technology<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>What is \u200b\u200b<\/b><b>Geographical Information System (GIS)?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a computer-based tool for mapping and analyzing the geographic terrain and offers scientific choices of development works suitable to the area.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This technology integrates common database operations such as query and statistical analysis with the unique visualization and geographic analysis benefits offered by the maps.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>What is GIS-based planning under Mahatma Gandhi NREGA Initiative?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is an initiative of the Ministry of Rural Development. It aims to help the Gram Panchayat ensure a scientific &amp; holistic approach for planning at the Gram Panchayat level.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Under the initiative,<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GIS based integrated plans are prepared to collect, store and analyze data related to assets created under MGNREGA and also to manage them more effectively along with better understanding of their impact\/outcome.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>What are the other GIS based initiatives under MGNREGA?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/government-launches-yuktdhara-portal-to-facilitate-geo-spatial-planning-of-mgnrega-assets\/\"><b>Yuktdhara Portal:<\/b><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a geospatial planning portal meant for facilitating Gram Panchayat level planning of MGNREGA activities across India.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/climate-resilience-information-system-and-planning-crisp-m-tool-for-mahatma-gandhi-nrega-scheme-launched\/\"><b>CRISP-M Tool<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">aims to <\/span><b>help embed climate information<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the<\/span><b> Geographic Information System (GIS)-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">based planning and implementation of MGNREGA. It will enable the local communities to understand the impact of changing climate in terms of various geophysical parameters and make smart decisions on them.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Source: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This post is based on the article<\/span><b> \u201c<\/b><b>Geographical Information System (GIS) plans for around 75% Gram Panchayats completed<\/b><b>\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> published in <\/span><b>PIB <\/b>on<b> 19th Nov 2021.<\/b><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a id=\"f5\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/russia-successfully-test-fires-zircon-hypersonic-missile\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Russia Successfully Test Fires Zircon Hypersonic Missile<\/a><\/h3>\n<h5><b>What is the News?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Russia has carried out a successful test of its Zircon hypersonic cruise missile.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>What is the Zircon Missile?<\/b><\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 636px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"n3VNCb\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.thesun.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/DD-COMPOSITE-RUSSIAN-ROCKET-graphic-2.jpg?resize=636%2C701&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Zircon Missile\" width=\"636\" height=\"701\" data-noaft=\"1\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: The Sun<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zircon is a Hypersonic Cruise Missile developed by Russia. It has been called as one of the invincible missiles by the Russian President.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>What are the special features of Zircon Missile?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The missile flies with an <strong>advanced fuel<\/strong> that the Russians say gives it a range of up to 1,000 kilometers.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The missile speed is also so fast that the air pressure in front of the weapon forms a plasma cloud as it moves, <strong>absorbing radio waves<\/strong> and making it practically invisible to active radar systems.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Note:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Zircon will join the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/explained-russia-avangard-missile\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Avangard hypersonic glide vehicle<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that was put into service in 2019 and the air-launched Kinzhal (Dagger) missiles in Russia&#8217;s arsenal.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><strong>Significance for India<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>This successful test of Zircon is being termed as good news for India as it will hasten the development of the delayed BrahMos-II hypersonic cruise missile, a joint India-Russia project.<\/p>\n<p><b>Source: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This post is based on the article<\/span><b> \u201c<\/b><b>Russia Successfully Test Fires Zircon Hypersonic Missile<\/b><b>\u201d <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">published in<\/span><b> NDTV on 18th Nov 2021.<\/b><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a id=\"f7\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/india-stands-at-82-in-global-bribery-risk-rankings-dips-by-five-spots\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">India stands at 82 in global bribery risk rankings, dips by five spots<\/a><\/h3>\n<h5><b>What is the News?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bribery Risk Matrix 2021 has been released by <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TRACE, an anti-bribery standard-setting organization. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The risk matrix measures the likelihood of bribe demands in 194 jurisdictions.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>About <\/b><b>Bribery Risk Matrix 2021\u00a0<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><b>Aim:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0To measure business bribery risk in 194 countries, territories, and autonomous and semi-autonomous regions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>First Published in<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The index was originally published in 2014 for more reliable and nuanced information about the risks of commercial bribery worldwide.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Parameters:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The matrix is <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">based on four factors \u2014\u00a0 <strong>i).<\/strong> Business interactions with the government, <strong>ii).<\/strong> Anti-bribery deterrence and enforcement, <strong>iii).<\/strong> Government and civil service transparency, <strong>iv).<\/strong> Capacity for civil society oversight, which includes the role of the media.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Source of Data<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Leading public interest and international organisations, including the United Nations, World Bank, V-Dem Institute at the University of Gothenburg and World Economic Forum.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Significance<\/strong>: Helps companies to assess the likely risk of bribe demands in each country and to design compliance and due diligence programs tailored to that risk.<\/p>\n<h5><b>What are the key findings?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>&#8211;<\/strong> India has slipped to <strong>82<sup>nd<\/sup><\/strong> position in 2021 which is five places down from <strong>77<sup>th<\/sup><\/strong> rank in 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>&#8211;<\/strong> India fared better than its neighbors \u2013 Pakistan, China, Nepal and Bangladesh. Meanwhile, Bhutan secured 62<sup>nd<\/sup> rank.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>&#8211; Lowest bribery risk<\/strong>: Denmark, Norway, Finland, Sweden and New Zealand present the<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>&#8211; Highest commercial bribery risk<\/strong>: On the other hand, North Korea, Turkmenistan, Venezuela and Eritrea pose the<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Source:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This post is based on the article<\/span><b> \u201c<\/b><b>India stands at 82 in global bribery risk rankings, dips by five spots<\/b><b>\u201d <\/b>published by<b> Indian Express <\/b>on<b> 19th Nov 2021.<\/b><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a id=\"f8\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/india-built-jaffna-cultural-centre-awaits-inauguration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">India-built Jaffna Cultural Centre awaits inauguration<\/a><\/h3>\n<h5>What is the news?<\/h5>\n<p>Nearly two years after its construction, the India-funded Jaffna Cultural Centre in Sri Lanka\u2019s Northern Province is still awaiting inauguration.<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lead-img\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/th.thgim.com\/static\/img\/1x1_spacer.png?w=750&#038;ssl=1\" data-original=\"https:\/\/th.thgim.com\/static\/img\/1x1_spacer.png\" \/><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lead-img\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/th.thgim.com\/static\/img\/1x1_spacer.png?w=750&#038;ssl=1\" data-original=\"https:\/\/th.thgim.com\/static\/img\/1x1_spacer.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Built with an Indian grant of $11 million, the center was envisaged as a public space to promote, preserve and foster the cultural heritage of Jaffna and serve as a hub of cultural activities in Sri Lanka.<\/p>\n<h5>Why are the issues involved?<\/h5>\n<p>&#8211; As per the MoU between Indian and Sri Lankan governments in 2014 the Centre was to be managed by the local municipal authority, and not the Central Government in Colombo. Presently, questions are being raised about the funding capacity of Municipal Council to run the center.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Attempts are also being made to hand over the administration of the center to the Army.<\/p>\n<h5>What steps have been taken by India?<\/h5>\n<p>In order to prevent the Sri Lankan Army from taking over the management of the center, India pledged to absorb administrative costs for five years.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong>: This post is based on the article \u201c<strong>India-built Jaffna Cultural Centre awaits inauguration<\/strong>\u201d published in <strong>The Hindu<\/strong> on <strong>19th Nov 2021<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a id=\"f9\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/weigh-future-potential-when-awarding-relief-sc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Weigh future potential when awarding relief: SC<\/a><\/h3>\n<h5><strong>What is the news?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Reversing a High Court (HC) judgement, the Supreme Court (SC) observed that the possibility for a bright future of an accident victim should be considered while determining compensation.<\/p>\n<p>The court was dealing with the death of a 21-year-old engineering student in an accident. The Madhya Pradesh High Court calculated his monthly income at Rs. 5,000.<\/p>\n<p>As per SC, the High Court had committed a grave error.<\/p>\n<h5>What are the observations made by the SC?<\/h5>\n<p>As per the Supreme Court,<\/p>\n<p>To have the perception that he is likely to remain static and his income to remain stagnant is contrary to the fundamental concept of human attitude which always intends to live with dynamism and move and change with the time<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; The High Court has not considered the future rise in income while awarding the future loss of income. The <em><strong>future rise of income of the road accident victim should be taken into consideration,<\/strong><\/em> even if he or she was not earning at the time of death.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; The future rise in income should be calculated after considering factors like,<em><strong> passage of time, the changing society, escalation of price, the change in price index, the human attitude to follow a particular pattern of life<\/strong><\/em>, etc.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; The<strong> legal heirs<\/strong> of the deceased shall also be <strong>entitled to future prospects<\/strong> by adding future rise in income, i.e., addition of 40% of the income determined on guesswork considering the educational qualification, family background etc., where the deceased was below the age of 40 years<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong>: This post is based on the article \u201c<strong>Weigh future potential when awarding relief: SC<\/strong>\u201d published in <strong>The Hindu<\/strong> on <strong>20th Nov 2021.<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a id=\"f10\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/explained-cci-market-study-on-pharma-sector\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Explained: CCI market study on pharma sector<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b>Source: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0This post is based on the following articles:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>\u201c<\/b><b>Explained: CCI market study on pharma sector<\/b><b>\u201d <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">published in<\/span><b> Indian Express <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on <\/span><b>20th November 2021.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>\u201c<\/b><b>CCI releases key findings and observations on Market Study on the Pharmaceuticals Sector in India<\/b><b>\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> published in <\/span><b>PIB <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on <\/span><b>19th November 2021.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><b>What is the News?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Competition Commission of India (CCI) has released a report titled <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2018Market Study on the Pharmaceutical Sector in India: Key Findings and Observations\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>What are the key findings of the report?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><b>Pharmaceutical Sector: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Globally, India ranks 3rd in terms of pharmaceutical production by volume and 13th by value.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Out of Pocket Expenditure(OOPE):<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pharmaceuticals including generic drugs account for about 43.2%\u00a0 of out of pocket healthcare expenditure in India and about 62.7% of the total health spending in the country.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Generic Drugs:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India is the largest supplier of generic drugs globally. However, the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">market for generic drugs is driven by brand competition instead of price competition despite such drugs being functionally and chemically identical.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Note:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Generic drugs are chemically identical to drugs that once had patent protection.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Online Pharmacies:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The share of online pharmacies stood at 2.8% in 2018. The sector\u2019s reach has now expanded during the pandemic to 8.8 million households from 3.5 million households prior to the pandemic.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>What are the suggestions given by the report?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><b>Necessary regulations should be enforced to\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">safeguard patient privacy and protect sensitive personal medical data.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Data <\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>and digital technology can be used effectively<\/strong> to improve access to and efficiency of healthcare delivery.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Online pharmacies should adopt self-regulatory measures<\/strong> in the areas of collection, use, sharing of data and privacy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>E<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>ffective price competition in generics<\/strong> can benefit consumers and improve access to affordable healthcare.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>National Digital Drugs Databank<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0should be created and made available to regulators, industry, physicians and consumers to address information asymmetry in the sector.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/display-information-on-7-common-antibiotics-central-drugs-standard-control-organisation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>CDSCO (Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation)<\/strong> <\/a>should ensure uniform and consistent application of quality standards.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>There should be<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> an increase in the frequency of testing of drugs and in the capacity of drug testing labs.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a id=\"f11\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/explained-the-process-for-repealing-a-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Explained: The process for repealing a law<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b>Source:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This post is based on the article<\/span><b> \u201c<\/b><b>Explained: The process for repealing a law<\/b><b>\u201d <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">published by <\/span><b>Indian Express <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on <\/span><b>19th Nov 2021.<\/b><\/p>\n<h5><b>What is the News?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Prime Minister has announced that the three contentious farm laws would be repealed. The process of repealing the laws will take place in the upcoming Winter Session of Parliament.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><strong>Read more<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/government-will-repeal-all-3-farm-laws-modi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Government will repeal all 3 farm laws: Modi<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5><b>What do you mean by Repealing the Law?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Repealing a law is one of the ways to <strong>nullify a law. <\/strong>A law is reversed when Parliament thinks there is <strong>no longer a need for the law to exist.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Legislation can also have a <strong>\u201csunset\u201d clause,<\/strong> a particular date after which they cease to exist. For example, the anti-terror legislation<strong> Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act 1987, commonly known as TADA,<\/strong> had a sunset clause, and was allowed to lapse in 1995.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For laws that do not have a sunset clause, Parliament has to pass another legislation to repeal the law.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>How can the Government repeal a law?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Article 245 of the Constitution<\/strong> gives Parliament the power to make laws for the whole or any part of India, and state legislatures the power to make laws for the state. Parliament draws its power to repeal a law from the same provision.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>What is the process for repealing a law?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Laws can be repealed in two ways \u2014 either through an ordinance or through legislation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ordinance:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In case an ordinance is used, it would need to be replaced by a law passed by Parliament within six months. If the ordinance lapses because it is not approved by Parliament, the repealed law can be revived.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Legislation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The government can also bring legislation to repeal the farm laws. It will have to be passed by both Houses of Parliament, and receive the President\u2019s assent before it comes into effect. Usually, Bills titled Repealing and Amendment are introduced for this purpose.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a id=\"f12\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/govt-school-enrolments-lower-in-8-states-compared-to-pre-pandemic-period\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Govt school enrolments lower in 8 states compared to pre-pandemic period<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b>Source: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This post is based on the article<\/span><b> \u201c<\/b><b>Govt school enrolments lower in 8 states compared to pre-pandemic period<\/b><b>\u201d <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">published by <\/span><b>Business Standard<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on <\/span><b>20th Nov 2021.<\/b><\/p>\n<h5><b>What is the News?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The 16th <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Annual Status of Education Report(ASER) was recently released by Pratham Education Foundation.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><strong>Must Read<\/strong>: <a style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; background-color: var(--global--color-background);\" title=\"ASER Survey and issues in school education \u2013 Explained, pointwise\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/aser-survey-and-issues-in-school-education\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ASER Survey and issues in school education \u2013 Explained, pointwise<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5><b>What is the major finding of the report?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There was an <\/span><b>increase in enrolment in Government Schools. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Around 70.3% of children in India enrolled in government schools in 2021. This is up from 65.8% in 2020 and 64.3% in 2018.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, <strong>not all states have shown an increase in enrollment in Government schools.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Eight of the 25 states<\/strong> surveyed have in fact witnessed a decline in government enrolments. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Among these,<strong> North-eastern states<\/strong> have led the charge in recording a decline in enrollment in Government schools.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On the other hand, the <strong>increase in government school enrolment<\/strong> was largely driven by large <strong>northern States<\/strong> like Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana, and <strong>southern States<\/strong> like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a id=\"f13\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/union-minister-inaugurates-first-of-its-kind-worlds-most-sophisticated-latest-mri-facility-at-the-national-brain-research-centre-nbrc-manesar-haryana\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Union Minister inaugurates first of its kind, world\u2019s most sophisticated, latest MRI facility at the National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Manesar, Haryana<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b>Source:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This post is based on the article<\/span><b> \u201c<\/b><b>Union Minister inaugurates first of its kind, world\u2019s most sophisticated, latest MRI facility at the National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Manesar, Haryana<\/b><b>\u201d <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">published by <\/span><b>PIB <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on <\/span><b>20th Nov 2021.<\/b><\/p>\n<h5><b>What is the News?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Union Minister of Science and Technology has launched the first of its kind, latest and world&#8217;s most sophisticated MRI facility at the National Brain Research Centre (NBRC) in Haryana&#8217;s Manesar.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>About the new MRI facility<\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This machine can detect and quantify highly sensitive receptors and antioxidants from the brain which has a direct link with the onset of various brain disorders like Alzheimer\u2019s, Parkinson\u2019s and psychiatric disorders<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>What is the National Brain Research Centre(NBRC)?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><b>NBRC <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">was established in the year 1999 as an autonomous institution under the Societies Registration Act of 1860.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Nodal Ministry: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NBRC is an autonomous institute funded by the Department of Biotechnology and is also a Deemed-to-be University. The government of India has also recognised NBRC as an Institution of Excellence.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Mandate:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> To study brain functions in health and diseases using innovative multidisciplinary approaches in basic and translational research.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Divisions:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Research at NBRC is classified into five divisions namely Cellular and Molecular, Systems, Cognitive, Computational and Translational.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Location:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Manesar, Haryana<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a id=\"f14\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/central-forces-state-cops-require-better-coordination-shah\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Central forces, state cops require better coordination: Shah<\/a><\/h3>\n<h5>What is the news?<\/h5>\n<p>Recently, the Home Minister inaugurated the three-day annual conference of police chiefs in Lucknow. This is the 56th DGP\/IGP conference.<\/p>\n<h5>About the 56th DGP\/IGP conference<\/h5>\n<p>Since 2014, the DGP\/IGP has been held outside Delhi, with the Prime Minister and home minister leading the deliberations.<\/p>\n<p>The DGP meet this year is being organised for the first time in hybrid mode, with the police chiefs of all States and UTs and DGs of central para-military forces attending it from the police headquarters in Lucknow, and\u00a0350 other officers joining in virtually from IB offices in various States and UTs.<\/p>\n<p>The conference has seen the following events.<\/p>\n<p>-A presentation by NATGRID, which seeks to make a dozen individual databases accessible with the single click of a mouse.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;<span style=\"background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary); font-family: var(--global--font-secondary); font-size: var(--global--font-size-base);\">Awarded three best police stations in the country to the station house officers of <strong>Sadar Bazaar in New Delhi<\/strong>, <strong>Gangapur in Odisha<\/strong> and <strong>Bhattu Kalan in Haryana<\/strong>,<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>What are the suggestions mentioned by the Home Minister?<\/h5>\n<p>1. Appreciated the role played by security forces during the Covid pandemic and the sacrifices made by them, 2. C<span style=\"background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary); font-family: var(--global--font-secondary); font-size: var(--global--font-size-base);\">alled for better coordination between central agencies and state police forces as they focus on tackling security challenges such as cyber-crime, left-wing extremism, narcotics trafficking, coastal security and border area management, 3. Reforms at the police station and beat levels for effective policing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> This post is based on the article \u201c<strong>Central forces, state cops require better coordination: Shah<\/strong>\u201d published in <strong>The Times of India\u00a0<\/strong>on\u00a0<strong>20th Nov 2021<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a id=\"f15\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/honble-prime-minister-shri-narendra-modi-to-inaugurate-ifscas-infinity-forum-on-3rd-december-2021\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hon\u2019ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi to inaugurate IFSCA\u2019s InFinity Forum on 3rd December 2021<\/a><\/h3>\n<h5>What is the news?<\/h5>\n<p>The Indian Prime Minister will inaugurate the \u201cInFinity Forum\u201d, a 2-day thought leadership Forum on FinTech on 3rd December 2021. For the forum, a dedicated Website and Agenda for the InFinity Forum was launched recently.<\/p>\n<h5>About the InFinity Forum<\/h5>\n<p>InFinity Forum is IFSCA&#8217;s flagship financial technology and global thought leadership event. The forum will focus on how technology and innovation can be leveraged by the FinTech industry. In this forum pressing problems, progressive ideas, innovative technologies from across the world gets Discovered, Discussed and Developed into Solutions. In this forum the leading minds in policy, business, and technology discuss and come up with actionable insight into how technology and innovation can be leveraged by the FinTech industry for inclusive growth.<\/p>\n<p><strong> Hosted by<\/strong>: International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) under the aegis of Government of India (GoI) in collaboration with GIFT City and Bloomberg.<\/p>\n<p>Indonesia, South Africa and the U.K. are partner countries in the first edition of the Forum.<\/p>\n<p>The Forum will bring together all key stakeholders of the global FinTech Industry to explore the limitless future of the industry in the spirit of mutual cooperation.<\/p>\n<h5>What is the agenda of the InFinity Forum?<\/h5>\n<p>The Forum will focus on the theme of \u2018Beyond\u2019; with various sub-themes such as<\/p>\n<p><strong>-FinTech beyond boundaries<\/strong><em>:<\/em> It will focus beyond the geographical boundaries in the development of a global stack to promote financial inclusiveness,<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><strong>Note<\/strong>: IndiaStack is a set of APIs that allows governments, businesses, startups and developers to utilise an unique digital Infrastructure to solve India\u2019s hard problems towards presence-less, paperless, and cashless service delivery.<\/p>\n<p>The India Stack story and the impact it has had on the lives of a billion can be taken beyond Indian boundaries through a global stack initiative.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>-FinTech beyond Finance<\/strong>: Focus on the convergence with emerging areas such as SpaceTech, GreenTech and AgriTech to drive sustainable development,<\/p>\n<p><strong>-FinTech Beyond Next<\/strong>: It will focus on how<a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answered-explain-what-is-quantum-computing-discuss-its-potential-application-in-various-fields\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Quantum Computing<\/a> could impact the nature of Fintech industry in the future and promote new opportunities.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Terms to know<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/international-financial-services-centres-authority\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/gift-city\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GIFT City<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> This post is based on the article \u201c<strong>Hon\u2019ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi to inaugurate IFSCA\u2019s InFinity Forum on 3rd December 2021<\/strong>\u201d published in <strong>PIB <\/strong>on\u00a0<strong>19th Nov 2021<\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dear Friends We have initiated some changes in the 9 PM Brief and other postings related to current affairs.\u00a0What we sought to do: Ensure that all relevant facts, data, and arguments from today\u2019s newspaper are readily available to you. We have widened the sources to provide you with content that is more than enough and&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-november-20th-2021\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief \u2013 November 20th, 2021<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":80068,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"9pm-brief-template.php","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,9],"tags":[8032,1542,8033],"class_list":["post-147946","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9-pm-brief","category-public","tag-current-affairs-for-upsc","tag-daily-current-affairs-for-upsc","tag-upsc-current-affairs","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/9-PM-Brief-1-e1615452440806.png?fit=600%2C335&ssl=1","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/147946","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=147946"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/147946\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80068"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=147946"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=147946"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=147946"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}