{"id":14955,"date":"2018-01-26T13:42:28","date_gmt":"2018-01-26T08:12:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=14955"},"modified":"2018-01-25T17:43:26","modified_gmt":"2018-01-25T12:13:26","slug":"answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-january-25-2018","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-january-25-2018\/","title":{"rendered":"Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 January 25, 2018"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/mains-marathon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Archives<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q.1) The recent Companies (Amendment) Bill, 2017 is a step forward in the right direction towards creating a friendly environment for entrepreneurs. Discuss (GS-2)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Introduction:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Definition of small business is going to <\/span><b>create changes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The new Companies bill recognizes <\/span><b>all sizes and types of companies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> existing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are <\/span><b>less court appointments <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">due to simplified compliances.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Self attestation <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">has made great difference in saving time of businessmen as well as government.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Sweat Equity Shares <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">can be issued at any time.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Relaxation has been given under <\/span><b>Sec 185 (primarily deals with the subject of person to whom company cannot give loan) Sec 186 (enlists the exceptions and specifies the limits up to which a company can give loan)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, in company loans and deposits<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P<\/span><b>rovisions of Companies (Amendment) Bill, 2017:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The provisions of Companies (Amendment) Bill, 2017 are as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>93 amendments:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By this act 93 amendments been carried out in Companies Act, 2013 to provide relief to stakeholders and to provide more clarity on some of the provisions of Companies Act, 2013.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Bring major changes in the Companies Act, 2013:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Companies (Amendment) Bill, 2017 seeks to bring about <\/span><b>major changes in the Companies Act, 2013<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, was passed by Rajya Sabha.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Strengthen corporate sector:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The amendment seeks to <\/span><b>strengthen corporate governance standards<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>initiate strict action against defaulting companies and help improve ease of doing business in the country<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Ease of doing business:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The bill is amongst the reforms that <\/span><b>act towards targeted ease of doing business<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Wholly Owned Subsidiary (WOS)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of foreign company can hold EGM outside India whereas Annual General meeting of unlisted company can be held anywhere in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Investments destination:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The government now strives to make <\/span><b>India an attractive destination for investments<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Addressing the difficulties:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Addressing the difficulties, i.e. the stringent compliances<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that were there in the initial draft of the bill in 2013, have been now removed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This bill now has made some practical changes keeping into account the problems faced by corporate and plugging loopholes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Disclosure requirements:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Bill has <\/span><b>aligned disclosure requirements<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the prospectus with the regulations made by SEBI.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Penalties:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stringent penalties in case of <\/span><b>non-filing of balance sheet and annual return every year.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Harmonization between companies:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Government has brought in harmonization between <\/span><b>companies act, SEBI, RBI rules and regulation.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Generation of jobs:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Employment generation is going to be boosted with <\/span><b>contract business going to be biggest beneficiary.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The act aims to usher into corporate governance regime, plug the loopholes in forms of defaulters and allow foreign investors to look at India as a destination to do business.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Flexibility in penalties and the prosecution:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The penalties and the prosecution has been brought down as <\/span><b>earlier they were too stringent and hence detrimental to business.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Restriction on valuers:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Section 247 of the Companies Act 2013 prohibits a registered valuer from undertaking valuation of assets in which he has a direct or indirect interest.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Amendments <\/span><b>limit the prohibition to three years prior to a valuer\u2019s appointment or three years after the valuation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was conducted.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In name of control, the <\/span><b>business should not be suffocated<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Corporate governance strengthened with government support <\/span><b>ensures business to flourish in an enabling environment.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q.2) What do you understand by Economic Value? Do you think that Environmental Values are important than economic values? Comment. (GS-3)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Economic Value:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Economic value is the <\/span><b>maximum amount a consumer is willing to pay for an item in a free market economy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or the amount of time an individual will sacrifice waiting to obtain a government-rationed good in a socialist economy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are nine common Economic Values that people typically consider when evaluating a potential purchase. They are:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Efficacy <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2014 how well does it work?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Speed<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 how quickly does it work?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Reliability<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 can one depend on it to do what they want?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Ease of Use<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 how much effort does it require?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Flexibility<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 how many things does it do?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Status<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 how does this affect the way others perceive me?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Aesthetic Appeal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 how attractive or otherwise aesthetically pleasing is it?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Emotion<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 how does it make us feel?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Cost <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2014 how much does one have to give up getting this?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Importance of Environmental than economic values:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yes, environmental values are important than economic values because of the following reasons:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Disaster risk:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Environmental degradation is a major factor in disaster risk with immediate consequences on the lives and livelihoods of the people they serve.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sustainable support and strong commitment to promote greater public adoption of environmentally sustainable living is therefore critical, to enable healthy and safe living within ecological constraints.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Non Market Values:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0Unlike economical values, environmental values are non-market values.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is the environment-friendly behaviors which cannot be quantified and needs <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">network of volunteers and presence in almost every community across the globe.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Environmental degradation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Unlike economical disasters, environmental degradation takes a lot of time to come back to its original track.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thus, it is necessary to embark on effective and adequately funded \u00a0resilience building measures, which will also address environmental degradation issues, starting with the poorest and most vulnerable parts of the world.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q.3) What do you understand by Cultural Nationalism? With suitable examples comment on the present day scenario of cultural nationalism among Indians. (GS-1)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Introduction:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cultural nationalism is a form of nationalism in which the nation is defined by a shared culture. It is an intermediate position between ethnic nationalism and civic nationalism.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But we are in a situation today where <\/span><b>any criticism of certain offices is branded as anti-national and sedition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is nothing but <\/span><b>enforced cultural nationalism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Be it lynching or beef ban, it is unimaginable to expect that a country as diverse as India can be expected to lead a homogenised existence, with a single ideology or monochromatic way of living, or a standard diet.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Examples of enforced cultural nationalism in the country:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>National anthem in cinema halls:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Supreme Court\u2019s decision to make cinema halls play the National Anthem before the start of any film show in 2016 cited the \u2018love for motherland\u2019 as a reason behind the mandate.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But it has opened up the debate on nationalism and its branding.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Besides, there is no such rule in any other institutions be it Parliament, police stations or for that matter courts of the country, including the Supreme Court.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Mandatory singing of \u2018Vande Mataram\u2019<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Madras High Court has came out with its recent order that \u2018Vande Mataram\u2019 must be sung regularly in educational institutions and elsewhere, including workplaces like factories and offices.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The courts have failed to recognise that such actions of singing or standing up are now no longer genuine acts of nationalism but instead a performance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Military tank at JNU<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are recent reports of installing a military tank on the JNU campus to infuse nationalism in the students.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enforced nationalism cannot promote true culture. People and cultures, regardless of belonging to a particular class or geography, can truly grow and evolve only if they can transcend all social and territorial limitations.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Suggestions:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Instead of enforced nationalism we need to create an <\/span><b>environment in which the feeling of nationalism comes from within<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> through visionary leaders, good governance and an inclusive harmonious environment in the country i.e inclusive nationalism.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inclusive nationalism is the system of Nationalism which includes people of a different nationality to help the country reach its goals.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We need to evolve into a country that <\/span><b>elicits nationalism and feeling of love from everyone<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> residing in it.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is time we followed the <\/span><b>lead of modern constitutional democracies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> such as the United Kingdom, the US, and New Zealand who have severed anti-sedition laws from the law books.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Archives\u00a0 Q.1) The recent Companies (Amendment) Bill, 2017 is a step forward in the right direction towards creating a friendly environment for entrepreneurs. Discuss (GS-2) Introduction: Definition of small business is going to create changes. The new Companies bill recognizes all sizes and types of companies existing. There are less court appointments due to simplified&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-january-25-2018\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 January 25, 2018<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":2292,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14955","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mains-marathon-answers","category-public","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pen-paper-laptop.jpg?fit=1000%2C500&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704806670},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14955","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14955"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14955\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14955"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14955"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14955"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}