{"id":160017,"date":"2022-01-09T14:22:52","date_gmt":"2022-01-09T08:52:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=160017"},"modified":"2022-01-10T15:30:54","modified_gmt":"2022-01-10T10:00:54","slug":"answered-evaluate-the-nature-of-the-bhakti-literature-and-its-contribution-to-indian-culture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answered-evaluate-the-nature-of-the-bhakti-literature-and-its-contribution-to-indian-culture\/","title":{"rendered":"[Answered] Evaluate the nature Of the Bhakti literature and its contribution to Indian culture."},"content":{"rendered":"

Bhakti literature represents the\u202f<\/span>legacy of a socio-religious reform movement<\/span><\/b>\u202fthat prevailed from\u202f<\/span>8<\/span><\/b>th<\/span><\/b>\u202fcentury to 17<\/span><\/b>th<\/span><\/b>\u202fcentury CE<\/span><\/b>.\u202f It was characterised by\u202f<\/span>use of local languages<\/span><\/b>\u202fand\u202f<\/span>socially inclusive<\/span><\/b>\u202foutlook.\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nature of Bhakti literature<\/span><\/b>\u202fis as follows:\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Devotional:\u202f<\/span><\/b>Kirtana\u00a0Ghosha\u00a0of\u202fShankardeva\u202f(Vaishnava devotional songs);\u202fThirumurais\u202f(Tamil songs in praise of Shiva) etc.\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Non-sectarian:<\/span><\/b>\u202fIn Bhakti poems,\u202f<\/span>Radha-Shyam<\/span><\/b>\u202fis supposed to be the\u202f<\/span>equivalent of\u00a0Seeta-Ram.<\/span><\/b>\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Inter-regional appeal:<\/span><\/b>\u202f<\/span>Ramacharitsmanas\u202f<\/span><\/b>and\u202f<\/span>Hanuman\u00a0Chalisa\u202f<\/span><\/b>written in Awadh gained popularity across the length and breadth of the country\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Inter-Religious harmony:<\/span><\/b>\u202fSufi poetry of\u202f<\/span>Baba Farid\u202f<\/span><\/b>was incorporated into Sikhs\u2019 religious canons.\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Unorthodox approach:\u202f<\/span><\/b>Guru Nanak in his poems talked about futility of<\/span>\u202funnecessary rituals and pilgrimages.<\/span><\/b>\u202f\u202f\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Against elitism:<\/span><\/b>\u202fBhakti literature is marked by use of non-elite elements like\u202f<\/span>regional\u00a0dialects<\/span><\/b>, inclusion of\u202f<\/span>castes and out-castes, anti-ritual,\u202f<\/span><\/b>emphasis on\u202f<\/span>love for God over respect for Him.<\/span><\/b>\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Contribution of Bhakti literature<\/span><\/b>\u202fto Indian culture:\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Linguistic Development:<\/span><\/b>\u202fDevelopment of\u202f<\/span>Marathi<\/span><\/b>, Punjabi and its script\u202f<\/span>Gurumukhi<\/span><\/b>,\u202f<\/span>Assamese\u202f<\/span><\/b>etc. occurred due efforts of saints like\u202f<\/span>Tukaram, Sikh Gurus,\u202fShankaradeva\u202f<\/span><\/b>etc.\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. Indianisation of Islam<\/span><\/b>\u202foccurred due to the endeavours of the Sufi saints. For example, contributions of\u202fNizamuddin\u202fAuliya,\u202fRahim etc.\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. Music\u202fand Dance:<\/span><\/b>\u202fUse of Bhakti\u202fliterature\u202ffor devotional singing in\u202fk<\/span>irtana,\u202fQawwalli<\/span><\/b>, devotional dance such as\u202f<\/span>Sattariya\u202f<\/span><\/b>etc.\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    4. Philosophical Growth:\u202f<\/span><\/b>Post-Vedanta ideas were explored by\u202f<\/span>Madhvacharya\u202f<\/span><\/b>through his\u202f<\/span>Dvaitadvaita,\u202fRamanujacharya\u202f<\/span><\/b>in his\u202f<\/span>Vishishta\u00a0Advaita\u00a0etc.<\/span><\/b>\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    5. Assimilation\u202fof various saints<\/span><\/b>, diverse religious<\/span>\u202fideas<\/span><\/b>\u202fpromoted\u202f<\/span>growth in religion<\/span><\/b>.\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    6. Emergence of Sects\u202flike Sikhism,\u202fKabirpanth\u202fetc.\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      However,\u202f<\/span><\/b>Bhakti literature is also criticized on following grounds:<\/span>\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. The religious and philosophical ideas\u202f<\/span>did not represent a break from orthodoxy.<\/span><\/b>\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      2. It failed to\u00a0create\u00a0<\/span>any political awakening\u202f<\/span><\/b>in people.<\/span>\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      3. It promoted\u202f<\/span>servility through ideas of devotion<\/span><\/b>, and sustained hegemony of hierarchical social structure.<\/span>\u202f-\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Bhakti literature provided\u202f<\/span>a breath of relief for masses<\/span><\/b>\u202funder conditions of\u202fsocial and political repression. The\u202f<\/span>cultural impact was diverse<\/span><\/b>\u202ffrom music to philosophy and language.\u202f<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Bhakti literature represents the\u202flegacy of a socio-religious reform movement\u202fthat prevailed from\u202f8th\u202fcentury to 17th\u202fcentury CE.\u202f It was characterised by\u202fuse of local languages\u202fand\u202fsocially inclusive\u202foutlook.\u202f\u00a0 Nature of Bhakti literature\u202fis as follows:\u202f\u00a0 Devotional:\u202fKirtana\u00a0Ghosha\u00a0of\u202fShankardeva\u202f(Vaishnava devotional songs);\u202fThirumurais\u202f(Tamil songs in praise of Shiva) etc.\u202f\u00a0 Non-sectarian:\u202fIn Bhakti poems,\u202fRadha-Shyam\u202fis supposed to be the\u202fequivalent of\u00a0Seeta-Ram.\u202f\u00a0 Inter-regional appeal:\u202fRamacharitsmanas\u202fand\u202fHanuman\u00a0Chalisa\u202fwritten in Awadh gained popularity across the length and… Continue reading [Answered] Evaluate the nature Of the Bhakti literature and its contribution to Indian culture.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[10606],"class_list":["post-160017","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-public","tag-mains-2021-gs-1-solutions","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":{"total":310,"cached_at":1698385064,"cached_date":1698662289},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/160017","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=160017"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/160017\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=160017"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=160017"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=160017"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}