{"id":16376,"date":"2018-02-27T12:57:52","date_gmt":"2018-02-27T07:27:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=16376"},"modified":"2018-02-26T16:58:29","modified_gmt":"2018-02-26T11:28:29","slug":"answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-february-26-2018","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-february-26-2018\/","title":{"rendered":"Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 February 26, 2018"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/mains-marathon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Archives<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q.1) What do you mean the e-commerce? Explain the string of challenges faced by e-commerce in India. Also enumerate the reasons for which India rejected the efforts to negotiate new global e-commerce rules under the aegis of the World Trade Organization (WTO). (GS\u20133)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Introduction:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Electronic commerce or e-commerce is a type of business model, or segment of a larger business model, that enables a firm or individual to conduct business over an electronic network, mainly from the internet.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Electronic commerce operates in all four of the major market segments: business to business, business to consumer, consumer to consumer and consumer to business.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E-Commerce processes are conducted using applications, such as email, fax, online catalogues and shopping carts, electronic data interchange (EDI), file transfer protocol and web services and e-newsletters to subscribers.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>String of challenges faced by e-commerce in India<\/b><b>:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The issues and problems which affect the development of Internet, e-commerce and e-business applications are discussed below:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is no guarantee of product quality.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mechanical failures can cause unpredictable effects on the total processes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As there is minimum chance of direct customer to company interactions, customer loyalty is always on a check.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are many hackers who look for opportunities, and thus an e-commerce site, service, payment gateways; all are always prone to attack.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E-commerce is lack of human interaction for customers, especially who prefer face-to-face consumption<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since the Internet is an open system, details of its underlying technologies are freely available to anybody.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Reasons for which India rejected the efforts to negotiate new global e-commerce rules under the aegis of the World Trade Organization (WTO):<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The reasons for which India rejected the efforts to negotiate new global e-commerce rules under the aegis of the World Trade Organization (WTO) are as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India fears that new rules could provide unfair market access to foreign companies, hurting the rapidly growing domestic e-commerce platforms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to (India), negotiations on rules and disciplines in e-commerce would be highly premature at this stage and like a leap in the dark, especially given the highly asymmetrical nature of the existing e-commerce space.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thus, India wants to continue with the current work programme of 1998 because it remains \u201cexploratory and non-negotiating.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More importantly, India has linked the extension of moratorium on e-commerce transactions till 2019 to \u201ca similar renewal of moratorium on TRIPS non-violation and situation complaints\u201d. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q.2) Controversies such as restriction of temple<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">entry of women on the basis of an irrational and obsolete notion of \u201cpurity\u201d offends the equality clauses in the Constitution. Do you agree with the statement?<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Justify your answer with the aid of<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">various articles in the Indian Constitution guaranteeing religious and gender equality. (GS\u20131)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Introduction:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preventing women\u2019s entry temples with an irrational and obsolete notion of \u201cpurity\u201d offends the equality clauses in the Constitution.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It denotes a patriarchal and partisan approach.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The entry prohibition takes away the woman\u2019s right against discrimination guaranteed under Article 15(1) of the Constitution.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It further curtails the religious freedom assured by Article 25(1).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prohibition of women\u2019s entry to the shrine is done on the basis of womanhood and the biological features associated with womanhood, which Article 51A (e) aims to renounce.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What are the various Articles guaranteeing religious and gender equality?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The various Articles guaranteeing religious and gender equality are as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Article 15 of the Indian Constitution:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 15 of Indian Constitution prohibits any discrimination done on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is important to note that Article 15 of the Indian constitution states that no person shall be discriminated on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every person shall have equal access to public places like public parks, museums, wells, bathing ghats and temples etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Article 25 of the Indian Constitution:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Articles 25 to 28 states make India a secular state.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">42nd Amendment inserting the word \u201csecular\u201d make the assertion firmer.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Article 25 states that every individual is \u201cequally entitled to freedom of conscience\u201d and has the right \u201cto profess, practice and propagate religion\u201d of one\u2019s choice.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Violation of Article 25:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This constitutional provision does not give individuals the right to conduct animal sacrifice and perform religious rituals on a busy street or public place that causes inconvenience to others.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Though the right to perform rituals is protected under this Article, yet the state retains the power to formulate laws to regulate \u201ceconomic, financial, political.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q.3) In India, the power sector has enormous potential. What are the roadblocks in unleashing the full potential of India\u2019s power sector? In your view, are<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the features of Draft National Energy Policy promising enough to overcome the same? (GS\u20133)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Introduction:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Over the past thirty years, the country\u2019s energy demand has grown at an average of 3.6 per cent per annum.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Roadblocks in unleashing the full potential of India\u2019s power sector:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are many roadblocks in unleashing the full potential of India\u2019s power sector. Some of them are as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fuel availability is one of the concern faced by the industry.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are other concerns such as land acquisition which has made purchase of land for power projects very expensive.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Capital crunch in the energy sector is the biggest challenge before the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India is currently facing energy crisis with its major dependency on coal, crude oil imports to meet sharply.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The current power infrastructure in India is not capable of providing sufficient and reliable power supply growing energy needs of the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Features of Draft National Energy Policy:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The features of Draft National Energy Policy are as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It aims to create independence in the energy sector and to provide 24\u00d77 hours power to all.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It Focus on energy independence through rationalisation of costs, subsidy &amp; boost to renewable sector.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It aims to produce 175 GW energy from the renewable sector till 2022.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emphasis on transition from the coal to clean energy for domestic use.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Focus on the infrastructure development ie. The projects like TAPI to development the gas pipelines.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The overarching policy recommendations are based on India\u2019s energy ambitions for the year 2040.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The NEP anticipates major transformations on the energy demand and supply sides arising out of fast evolving technology, consumer behaviour and air quality consideration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It provides for a flexible energy system which would quickly respond to the market cut.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The broad objectives of the policy are: enhanced energy independence, increased access at affordable prices, greater sustainability and higher economic growth.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Archives Q.1) What do you mean the e-commerce? Explain the string of challenges faced by e-commerce in India. Also enumerate the reasons for which India rejected the efforts to negotiate new global e-commerce rules under the aegis of the World Trade Organization (WTO). (GS\u20133) Introduction: Electronic commerce or e-commerce is a type of business model,&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-february-26-2018\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 February 26, 2018<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":2292,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16376","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mains-marathon-answers","category-public","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pen-paper-laptop.jpg?fit=1000%2C500&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1702487273},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16376","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16376"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16376\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16376"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16376"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16376"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}