{"id":17293,"date":"2018-03-20T13:36:54","date_gmt":"2018-03-20T08:06:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=17293"},"modified":"2018-03-17T18:37:23","modified_gmt":"2018-03-17T13:07:23","slug":"answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-march-19-2018","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-march-19-2018\/","title":{"rendered":"Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 March 19, 2018"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/mains-marathon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Archives<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q.1) The practice of polygamy has a deep rooted existence in Indian society. In this context discuss the reasons why Supreme Court should delegitimize polygyny in India. What steps need to be taken in order to solve the problem of polygamy?(GS 1)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The practice of polygamy has a deep rooted existence in Indian society. Polygamy is the practice of marrying multiple spouses. When a man is married to more than one wife at a time, it is called polygyny. On the other hand when a woman is married to more than one husband at a time, it is called polyandry. Polygamy is banned under <\/span><b>Hindu Marriage act, 1955 and section 494 of IPC<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Indian penal code) makes it a punishable offence. Apart from that Koran allowed polygyny under special historical circumstances.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Why Supreme Court should delegitimize polygyny in India?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Supreme Court should delegitimize and completely ban polygyny in India because:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This practice is considered a violation of human and fundamental rights.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Against fundamental rights: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This practices is in contravention of <\/span><b>Article 14 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(equality before law), and <\/span><b>article 15<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth) and <\/span><b>article 21<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(right to life and personal liberty) of the Constitution.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The practice of polygamy is neither harmonious with the modern principles of human rights and gender equality, nor an integral part of Islamic faith.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Against women dignity:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The practice is highly derogatory and is against the dignity of women.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>O<\/b><b>ffensive practice :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> As per Hindu marriage act practice of polygny is a serious offence against section 494 Indian Penal Code(IPC) which is punishable .<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Steps needs to be taken to curb polygamy:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Supreme court should try to regulate such practices instead of complete ban and delegitimization.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Muslim communities need to discuss such issues among themselves.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A religious reform within the society is very important for its existence and viability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Supreme Court should concentrate on eradicating these social evils from the Indian society without hurting the sentiments of any particular community.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The court should take steps to eliminate the flaws in the Marriage Acts of different religious communities and should ensure that equal rights and equal say is given to every member of the family especially the women.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A blanket ban on polygnous practice as mentioned in Sharia is not desirable as it can trigger communal violence. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A middle path has to be taken to ensure women\u2019s rights are not infiltrated and laws are not abused or transgressed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Conclusion:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although the constitution provides religious freedom but it is not sacrosanct. It is subject to public order, morality etc. Hence no religious practice should discriminate against women and hide under the garb of right to religion. \u00a0Therefore, the Supreme Court of the land should concentrate on eradicating these social evils from the Indian society without hurting the sentiments of any particular community.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q2)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Discuss the effects of ocean acidification on coral reefs and also highlight other factors having adverse affects on the development of coral reefs. (GS 3)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems held together by calcium carbonate structures secreted by corals.Coral reefs are built by colonies of tiny animals found in marine water that contain few nutrients.As oceans get more acidic, sediments that constitute coral reefs could begin dissolving by the end of this century.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Factors \u00a0threatening Corals<\/b><b> around the world:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Ocean acidification:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ocean acidification causes coral reef systems to erode. \u00a0\u00a0Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the PH of the Earth\u2019s oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide(CO2) from the atmosphere.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In several reef systems, acidification also dissolves corals\u2019 carbonate sediments.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ocean acidification involves a shift towards pH-neutral conditions rather than a transition to acidic conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ocean acidification is expected to impact ocean species to varying degrees. Photosynthetic algae and seagrasses may benefit from higher CO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> conditions in the ocean, as they require CO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to live just like plants on land. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Such acidification can reduce coral calcification and growth, and lead to a decline in coral diversity. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fish behaviour is also impacted by ocean acidification, increasing the risk of mortality of some species. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ocean acidification may also encourage the growth of seaweeds, which compete for space with corals. The growth of seagrasses also benefits from ocean acidification as long as light levels are high. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Other factors:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increased ocean temperatures <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">caused algae that live as symbionts within corals to leave, stressing the corals. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Breakdown of coral reefs is due to waves, winds, hurricanes, and currents. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temperature: Corals survive in very narrow range of temperature &amp; adopted to live in warm waters. Slight change in temperature because of solar radiation variation cause c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">oral bleaching<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Climate change problem,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ENSO effect also cause variation in temperature causing death of coral bleach<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fresh water dilution:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Fresh water from runoffs causes dilution of fresh water. As corals are adapted to Saline water , they react adversely in such circumstances<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sedimentation:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Sediments, industrial garbage disposal in ocean have caused chemicals accumulation in ocean water, thus hampering the growth of corals.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Epizootics: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pathogen which cause disease.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Due to these reasons the corals are rapidly dying (through a process called coral bleaching). For example: more than half of the corals dead in the Great Barrier Reef region. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q3) Write a short on the following<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a) <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LaQshya programme(GS 1)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">b) National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR)GS 1<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>LaQshya programme(GS 1)<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is an initiative to improve the quality of care in the labour rooms, operation theatres and other mother and child areas in public health facilities across the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The programme aims at implementing \u2018fast-track\u2019 interventions for achieving tangible results within 18 months.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under the initiative, a multipronged strategy has been adopted, including improving infrastructure upgradation, ensuring availability of essential equipment, providing adequate human resources, capacity building of healthcare workers and improving quality processes in the labour room.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ensuring privacy for mothers-to-be, providing a comfortable position during delivery, no-tolerance policy towards verbal or physical abuse on women and no demand of gratuitous payment by the staff.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A healthcare facility achieving 70% score on NQAS will be declared \u2018LaQshya\u2019 certified. Facilities scoring over 90, 80 and 70% will get platinum, gold and silver badges respectively.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR)GS 1<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) is a statutory body established under the Commission for Protection of Child Rights Act in December 2005.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The commission works under the aegis of Ministry of Women and Child development.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Its Mandate is \u201cto ensure that all Laws, Policies, Programmes, and Administrative Mechanisms are in consonance with the Child Rights perspective as enshrined in the Constitution of India and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As defined by the commission, child includes those up to the age of 18 years.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Archives Q.1) The practice of polygamy has a deep rooted existence in Indian society. In this context discuss the reasons why Supreme Court should delegitimize polygyny in India. What steps need to be taken in order to solve the problem of polygamy?(GS 1) The practice of polygamy has a deep rooted existence in Indian society.&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-march-19-2018\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 March 19, 2018<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":2292,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mains-marathon-answers","category-public","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pen-paper-laptop.jpg?fit=1000%2C500&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1699963531},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17293","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17293"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17293\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17293"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17293"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}