Art and Culture in news 2021-22<\/span><\/h2>\nLiterature and Other important aspects<\/span><\/h4>\n\nTo Read Other Current Affairs Compilations<\/strong>\u00a0for UPSC Prelims 2022\u2013\u00a0Click here<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n
\nMaya Civilisation<\/span><\/h3>\nNews:<\/strong> A recent study reveals that drought was likely not the sole reason for the collapse of the ancient Mayan civilization. This led to a theory that the Maya people faced starvation because of their dependence on drought-sensitive crops such as corn, beans and squash.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ddg.png?resize=329%2C235&ssl=1\")
Image Source: Down to Earth<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nAbout Maya Civilization<\/strong>: Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican <\/strong>civilization. The civilization originated in the Yucatan Peninsula<\/strong>.<\/p>\nThe civilization developed in the area that today comprises southeastern Mexico, all of Guatemala and Belize and the western portions of Honduras and El Salvador.<\/p>\n
The civilization was known for its monumental architecture<\/strong> and an advanced understanding of mathematics and astronomy.<\/p>\nThe civilization flourished between 600 and 800 AD. However, between 800 and 950 AD, many of the cities of civilization were abandoned. This period is called the collapse of the Classic Maya civilizations.<\/p>\n
\nArtwork and Bacteria<\/span><\/h3>\nNews:<\/strong> Recently, a team of scientists has used helpful bacteria to clean the art work of Michelangelo in Italy.<\/p>\nHow is the Artwork cleaned?<\/strong><\/p>\nArt restorers have usually employed chemical agents and more recently laser techniques to remove dirt, oil, glue or pollutants from monuments, stonework, and paintings.<\/p>\n
But since 1980s, when researchers first used micro-organisms like Bacteria Desulfovibrio vulgaris<\/strong> to clean a marble monument at the Cave Hill Cemetery in Louisville, the role of micro-organisms has been recognised in protecting the artistic heritage of humanity.<\/p>\nAren\u2019t microorganisms like Bacteria considered harmful for Art?<\/strong><\/p>\nBacteria and other tiny organisms have traditionally been viewed as a threat to art.<\/p>\n
But not all are harmful<\/strong>. Some specialized microbes can be set loose on artwork in an effort to clean and restore the original glory of these pieces of cultural heritage.<\/p>\nMoreover, these bacteria are not modified or genetically engineered. They are just common ones from natural environments that love to eat various proteins.<\/p>\n
\nDhara \u2013 an Ode to Indian Knowledge System<\/span><\/h3>\nNews: <\/strong>The Ministry of Culture has announced \u2018DHARA, an Ode to Indian Knowledge System\u2019 as a part of the Science Week Vigyan Sarvatra Pujyate.<\/a><\/p>\nWhat is the purpose of DHARA?<\/strong><\/p>\nDHARA comprises a series of lecture demonstrations by eminent scholars across the world to revisit our history and celebrate the achievements of India and the contribution of great scholars, mathematicians, scientists, and leaders to its heritage.<\/p>\n
The lectures commenced with \u2018Mathematics in India\u2019 which will focus on India\u2019s contribution to Mathematics through the ages.<\/p>\n
Contributions of Indian Mathematicians<\/strong><\/p>\nSulbasutras(<\/strong>\u223c<\/strong> 800 BCE): <\/strong>It is the oldest extant text. It explicitly states and makes use of the so-called Pythagorean theorem, besides giving various interesting approximations to surds.<\/p>\nPingala\u2019s Chandassastra (<\/strong>\u223c<\/strong> 3rd cent. BCE):<\/strong> It lays foundations for various combinatorial techniques. (Knowledge of combinatorics is necessary to build a solid command of statistics).<\/p>\nAryabhata (c. 499 CE): <\/strong>He described algorithms for extracting square root and cube root based on the decimal place-value system. He also presented the differential equation of the sine function in its finite-difference form and a method for solving the linear indeterminate equation.<\/p>\nBrahmagupta(c. 628):<\/strong> He discussed the arithmetic operations with zero. He also introduced the profound \u2018bhavana\u2019 law of composition for solving quadratic indeterminate equations.<\/p>\nMadhava (c. 1340\u20131420):<\/strong> He pioneered the Kerala School of astronomy and mathematics. He also discovered the infinite series for pi (\u03c0)\u2014the so-called Gregory-Leibniz series)\u2014and other trigonometric functions.<\/p>\n
\nHindi translation of Tolk\u0101ppiyam<\/span><\/h3>\nNews: <\/strong>The Minister of State for Education has released the Hindi translation of Tolk\u0101ppiyam and the Kannada translations of 9 books of Classical Tamil literature.<\/p>\nTamil Literature: <\/strong>Tamil writing systems date back to 250 BCE and Tamil sangam<\/em> poetry contains 2381 poems in Tamil composed by 473 poets. Some important Tamil works are: Tolk\u0101ppiyam<\/em>, the eight anthologies (Ettuttokai<\/em>) and Ten Songs (Pattuppattu<\/em>).<\/p>\nTolk\u0101ppiyam:<\/strong> It was authored by Tolkappiyar and is considered the earliest of Tamil literary work.<\/p>\nIt\u00a0is the most ancient extant Tamil grammar text and the oldest extant long work of Tamil literature<\/p>\n
It is a comprehensive text on grammar, and includes sutras on orthography, phonology, etymology, morphology, semantics, prosody, sentence structure and the significance of context in language.<\/p>\n
It is a unique work on grammar and poetics. It consists of three parts of nine sections each. The three parts deals with Ezhuthu <\/em>(letter), Col<\/em> (word) and Porul<\/em> (subject matter).<\/p>\nAlmost all levels of the human language, from the spoken to the most poetic, lie within the purview of Tolkappiyar\u2019s analysis.<\/p>\n
The Tolkappiyam in Hindi <\/em>was translated by Dr. H. Balasubramaniam<\/strong> and Prof. K. Nachimuthu<\/strong>.<\/p>\nEttutogai (Eight Anthologies):<\/strong> It consists of eight works \u2013 Aingurunooru, Narrinai, Aganaooru, Purananooru, Kuruntogai, Kalittogai, Paripadal and Padirruppatu.<\/p>\nPattuppattu (Ten Idylls):<\/strong> It is an anthology of ten mid-length poems. It pictures the descriptions of the Tamil country and its seasons. It consists of ten works \u2013 Thirumurugarruppadai, Porunararruppadai, Sirupanarruppadai, Perumpanarruppadai, Mullaippattu, Nedunalvadai, Madurai Kanji, Kurinjippatttu, Pattinappalai and Malaipadukadam.<\/p>\n
\nSahityotsav and Sahitya Akademi<\/span><\/h3>\nNews:<\/strong> Sahitya Akademi is organising a literature festival named \u201cSahityotsav\u201d.<\/p>\nAbout Sahityotsav:<\/strong> Sahityotsav is a Festival of Letters of Sahitya Akademi. It is India\u2019s most inclusive literature festival. The festival will be a part of the celebrations to commemorate the 75th anniversary of India\u2019s Independence. The prestigious Sahitya Akademi Awards will also be presented during the festival.<\/p>\nAbout Sahitya Akademi Award<\/strong><\/p>\nSahitya Akademi award was established in 1954. It is a literary honour that is conferred annually by Sahitya Akademi, India\u2019s National Academy of letters.<\/p>\n
The Akademi gives 24 awards annually <\/strong>to literary works in the languages it has recognized, and an equal number of awards to literary translations from and into the languages of India.<\/p>\nNote:<\/strong> Besides the 22 languages enumerated in the Constitution of India, the Sahitya Akademi has recognised English and Rajasthani as languages in which its programme may be implemented.<\/p>\nSignificance<\/strong>: The Sahitya Akademi award is the second-highest literary honour by the Government of India, after the Jnanpith award.<\/p>\nAbout Sahitya Akademi: <\/strong>Sahitya Akademi, India\u2019s National Academy of Letters, was founded in 1954 by the Ministry of Culture. It is an organisation dedicated to the promotion of literature in the languages of India<\/p>\nThough set up by the Government, the Akademi functions as an autonomous organisation. It was registered as a society in 1956 under the Societies Registration Act, 1860.<\/p>\n
Location:<\/strong> Rabindra Bhawan near Mandi House in Delhi<\/p>\n
\nJharokha-Compendium of Indian handicraft\/ handloom, art and culture<\/span><\/h3>\nNews:<\/strong> The Ministry of Culture and Ministry of Textiles <\/strong>are organizing \u201cJharokha<\/strong>-Compendium of Indian handicraft\/ handloom, art and culture\u201d.<\/p>\nAbout Jharokha<\/strong><\/p>\nJharokha is a celebration of traditional Indian handicrafts, handlooms, and art & culture.<\/p>\n
It is a pan India celebration that held at 16 locations in 13 states and UTs.<\/p>\n
The first event under this celebration is being organized in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.<\/p>\n
It will be organized at Rani Kamlapati <\/a>Railway Station which is named after the brave and fearless Queen Kamlapati of the Gond kingdom of Madhya Pradesh.<\/p>\nSignificance of the event<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- The celebrations at Jharokha will include showcasing of handicraft and handloom products from across the country.<\/li>\n
- Women artisans, weavers, and artists who have given their significant contribution in promoting and reviving Indian handloom and handicrafts will also be felicitated in the event.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
\nKonyak Tribe<\/span><\/h3>\nNews:<\/strong> At Least 14 civilians were killed in the firing incident in Mon District in Nagaland. The civilians belonged to the Konyak Community.<\/p>\nAbout Konyak Tribe<\/strong><\/p>\nKonkyak is one of the major tribes of Nagaland that reside mostly in the Mon district. They are also settled in Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and Myanmar.<\/p>\n
Features: <\/strong>A distinct group of Konyaks is easily recognized by their tattooed faces.<\/p>\nOccupation:<\/strong> They are traditional hunters and warriors of Nagaland, but now their main occupation is agriculture.<\/p>\nNote:<\/strong> Mon is the only district in Nagaland where separatist group NSCN (IM) has not been able to set up base camps, largely due to resistance from the Konyaks.<\/p>\nIn 2019, around\u00a04,700 Konyak Naga women<\/strong>, came together in their colourful traditional attire in an\u00a0attempt to set a Guinness World Record<\/strong>\u00a0for the \u201cLargest Traditional Konyak Dance\u201d.<\/p>\nFestivals<\/strong><\/p>\nAoling Festival:<\/strong> It is a festival celebrated by the Konyak Naga people. It celebrates the arrival of spring and prays for a good upcoming harvest.<\/p>\nLao-Ong Mo Festival <\/strong>also known as the Post-harvest festival is celebrated by the Konyak tribe to signify the winding up of all harvest activities, norms, and rituals that were practiced or adhered to by every household.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Dear Friends, This post is a part of our current affairs series for the UPSC IAS Prelims 2022. In this post, we have covered\u00a0Art, architecture, and Culture in the news of the Literature and Other important aspects section. This post covers current affairs from Dec. 2021 to 15th March 2022. In the 2nd part, we… Continue reading UPSC IAS Prelims 2022 Material | Art and Culture Current Affairs- Literature and Other important aspects \u2013 Dec. 2021- 15th March, 2022<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,9],"tags":[10695],"class_list":["post-176778","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-announcements","category-public","tag-current-affairs-compilations-for-prelims-2022","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176778","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=176778"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176778\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=176778"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=176778"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=176778"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
To Read Other Current Affairs Compilations<\/strong>\u00a0for UPSC Prelims 2022\u2013\u00a0Click here<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n
\nMaya Civilisation<\/span><\/h3>\nNews:<\/strong> A recent study reveals that drought was likely not the sole reason for the collapse of the ancient Mayan civilization. This led to a theory that the Maya people faced starvation because of their dependence on drought-sensitive crops such as corn, beans and squash.<\/p>\nImage Source: Down to Earth<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nAbout Maya Civilization<\/strong>: Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican <\/strong>civilization. The civilization originated in the Yucatan Peninsula<\/strong>.<\/p>\nThe civilization developed in the area that today comprises southeastern Mexico, all of Guatemala and Belize and the western portions of Honduras and El Salvador.<\/p>\n
The civilization was known for its monumental architecture<\/strong> and an advanced understanding of mathematics and astronomy.<\/p>\nThe civilization flourished between 600 and 800 AD. However, between 800 and 950 AD, many of the cities of civilization were abandoned. This period is called the collapse of the Classic Maya civilizations.<\/p>\n
\nArtwork and Bacteria<\/span><\/h3>\nNews:<\/strong> Recently, a team of scientists has used helpful bacteria to clean the art work of Michelangelo in Italy.<\/p>\nHow is the Artwork cleaned?<\/strong><\/p>\nArt restorers have usually employed chemical agents and more recently laser techniques to remove dirt, oil, glue or pollutants from monuments, stonework, and paintings.<\/p>\n
But since 1980s, when researchers first used micro-organisms like Bacteria Desulfovibrio vulgaris<\/strong> to clean a marble monument at the Cave Hill Cemetery in Louisville, the role of micro-organisms has been recognised in protecting the artistic heritage of humanity.<\/p>\nAren\u2019t microorganisms like Bacteria considered harmful for Art?<\/strong><\/p>\nBacteria and other tiny organisms have traditionally been viewed as a threat to art.<\/p>\n
But not all are harmful<\/strong>. Some specialized microbes can be set loose on artwork in an effort to clean and restore the original glory of these pieces of cultural heritage.<\/p>\nMoreover, these bacteria are not modified or genetically engineered. They are just common ones from natural environments that love to eat various proteins.<\/p>\n
\nDhara \u2013 an Ode to Indian Knowledge System<\/span><\/h3>\nNews: <\/strong>The Ministry of Culture has announced \u2018DHARA, an Ode to Indian Knowledge System\u2019 as a part of the Science Week Vigyan Sarvatra Pujyate.<\/a><\/p>\nWhat is the purpose of DHARA?<\/strong><\/p>\nDHARA comprises a series of lecture demonstrations by eminent scholars across the world to revisit our history and celebrate the achievements of India and the contribution of great scholars, mathematicians, scientists, and leaders to its heritage.<\/p>\n
The lectures commenced with \u2018Mathematics in India\u2019 which will focus on India\u2019s contribution to Mathematics through the ages.<\/p>\n
Contributions of Indian Mathematicians<\/strong><\/p>\nSulbasutras(<\/strong>\u223c<\/strong> 800 BCE): <\/strong>It is the oldest extant text. It explicitly states and makes use of the so-called Pythagorean theorem, besides giving various interesting approximations to surds.<\/p>\nPingala\u2019s Chandassastra (<\/strong>\u223c<\/strong> 3rd cent. BCE):<\/strong> It lays foundations for various combinatorial techniques. (Knowledge of combinatorics is necessary to build a solid command of statistics).<\/p>\nAryabhata (c. 499 CE): <\/strong>He described algorithms for extracting square root and cube root based on the decimal place-value system. He also presented the differential equation of the sine function in its finite-difference form and a method for solving the linear indeterminate equation.<\/p>\nBrahmagupta(c. 628):<\/strong> He discussed the arithmetic operations with zero. He also introduced the profound \u2018bhavana\u2019 law of composition for solving quadratic indeterminate equations.<\/p>\nMadhava (c. 1340\u20131420):<\/strong> He pioneered the Kerala School of astronomy and mathematics. He also discovered the infinite series for pi (\u03c0)\u2014the so-called Gregory-Leibniz series)\u2014and other trigonometric functions.<\/p>\n
\nHindi translation of Tolk\u0101ppiyam<\/span><\/h3>\nNews: <\/strong>The Minister of State for Education has released the Hindi translation of Tolk\u0101ppiyam and the Kannada translations of 9 books of Classical Tamil literature.<\/p>\nTamil Literature: <\/strong>Tamil writing systems date back to 250 BCE and Tamil sangam<\/em> poetry contains 2381 poems in Tamil composed by 473 poets. Some important Tamil works are: Tolk\u0101ppiyam<\/em>, the eight anthologies (Ettuttokai<\/em>) and Ten Songs (Pattuppattu<\/em>).<\/p>\nTolk\u0101ppiyam:<\/strong> It was authored by Tolkappiyar and is considered the earliest of Tamil literary work.<\/p>\nIt\u00a0is the most ancient extant Tamil grammar text and the oldest extant long work of Tamil literature<\/p>\n
It is a comprehensive text on grammar, and includes sutras on orthography, phonology, etymology, morphology, semantics, prosody, sentence structure and the significance of context in language.<\/p>\n
It is a unique work on grammar and poetics. It consists of three parts of nine sections each. The three parts deals with Ezhuthu <\/em>(letter), Col<\/em> (word) and Porul<\/em> (subject matter).<\/p>\nAlmost all levels of the human language, from the spoken to the most poetic, lie within the purview of Tolkappiyar\u2019s analysis.<\/p>\n
The Tolkappiyam in Hindi <\/em>was translated by Dr. H. Balasubramaniam<\/strong> and Prof. K. Nachimuthu<\/strong>.<\/p>\nEttutogai (Eight Anthologies):<\/strong> It consists of eight works \u2013 Aingurunooru, Narrinai, Aganaooru, Purananooru, Kuruntogai, Kalittogai, Paripadal and Padirruppatu.<\/p>\nPattuppattu (Ten Idylls):<\/strong> It is an anthology of ten mid-length poems. It pictures the descriptions of the Tamil country and its seasons. It consists of ten works \u2013 Thirumurugarruppadai, Porunararruppadai, Sirupanarruppadai, Perumpanarruppadai, Mullaippattu, Nedunalvadai, Madurai Kanji, Kurinjippatttu, Pattinappalai and Malaipadukadam.<\/p>\n
\nSahityotsav and Sahitya Akademi<\/span><\/h3>\nNews:<\/strong> Sahitya Akademi is organising a literature festival named \u201cSahityotsav\u201d.<\/p>\nAbout Sahityotsav:<\/strong> Sahityotsav is a Festival of Letters of Sahitya Akademi. It is India\u2019s most inclusive literature festival. The festival will be a part of the celebrations to commemorate the 75th anniversary of India\u2019s Independence. The prestigious Sahitya Akademi Awards will also be presented during the festival.<\/p>\nAbout Sahitya Akademi Award<\/strong><\/p>\nSahitya Akademi award was established in 1954. It is a literary honour that is conferred annually by Sahitya Akademi, India\u2019s National Academy of letters.<\/p>\n
The Akademi gives 24 awards annually <\/strong>to literary works in the languages it has recognized, and an equal number of awards to literary translations from and into the languages of India.<\/p>\nNote:<\/strong> Besides the 22 languages enumerated in the Constitution of India, the Sahitya Akademi has recognised English and Rajasthani as languages in which its programme may be implemented.<\/p>\nSignificance<\/strong>: The Sahitya Akademi award is the second-highest literary honour by the Government of India, after the Jnanpith award.<\/p>\nAbout Sahitya Akademi: <\/strong>Sahitya Akademi, India\u2019s National Academy of Letters, was founded in 1954 by the Ministry of Culture. It is an organisation dedicated to the promotion of literature in the languages of India<\/p>\nThough set up by the Government, the Akademi functions as an autonomous organisation. It was registered as a society in 1956 under the Societies Registration Act, 1860.<\/p>\n
Location:<\/strong> Rabindra Bhawan near Mandi House in Delhi<\/p>\n
\nJharokha-Compendium of Indian handicraft\/ handloom, art and culture<\/span><\/h3>\nNews:<\/strong> The Ministry of Culture and Ministry of Textiles <\/strong>are organizing \u201cJharokha<\/strong>-Compendium of Indian handicraft\/ handloom, art and culture\u201d.<\/p>\nAbout Jharokha<\/strong><\/p>\nJharokha is a celebration of traditional Indian handicrafts, handlooms, and art & culture.<\/p>\n
It is a pan India celebration that held at 16 locations in 13 states and UTs.<\/p>\n
The first event under this celebration is being organized in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.<\/p>\n
It will be organized at Rani Kamlapati <\/a>Railway Station which is named after the brave and fearless Queen Kamlapati of the Gond kingdom of Madhya Pradesh.<\/p>\nSignificance of the event<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- The celebrations at Jharokha will include showcasing of handicraft and handloom products from across the country.<\/li>\n
- Women artisans, weavers, and artists who have given their significant contribution in promoting and reviving Indian handloom and handicrafts will also be felicitated in the event.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
\nKonyak Tribe<\/span><\/h3>\nNews:<\/strong> At Least 14 civilians were killed in the firing incident in Mon District in Nagaland. The civilians belonged to the Konyak Community.<\/p>\nAbout Konyak Tribe<\/strong><\/p>\nKonkyak is one of the major tribes of Nagaland that reside mostly in the Mon district. They are also settled in Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and Myanmar.<\/p>\n
Features: <\/strong>A distinct group of Konyaks is easily recognized by their tattooed faces.<\/p>\nOccupation:<\/strong> They are traditional hunters and warriors of Nagaland, but now their main occupation is agriculture.<\/p>\nNote:<\/strong> Mon is the only district in Nagaland where separatist group NSCN (IM) has not been able to set up base camps, largely due to resistance from the Konyaks.<\/p>\nIn 2019, around\u00a04,700 Konyak Naga women<\/strong>, came together in their colourful traditional attire in an\u00a0attempt to set a Guinness World Record<\/strong>\u00a0for the \u201cLargest Traditional Konyak Dance\u201d.<\/p>\nFestivals<\/strong><\/p>\nAoling Festival:<\/strong> It is a festival celebrated by the Konyak Naga people. It celebrates the arrival of spring and prays for a good upcoming harvest.<\/p>\nLao-Ong Mo Festival <\/strong>also known as the Post-harvest festival is celebrated by the Konyak tribe to signify the winding up of all harvest activities, norms, and rituals that were practiced or adhered to by every household.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Dear Friends, This post is a part of our current affairs series for the UPSC IAS Prelims 2022. In this post, we have covered\u00a0Art, architecture, and Culture in the news of the Literature and Other important aspects section. This post covers current affairs from Dec. 2021 to 15th March 2022. In the 2nd part, we… Continue reading UPSC IAS Prelims 2022 Material | Art and Culture Current Affairs- Literature and Other important aspects \u2013 Dec. 2021- 15th March, 2022<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,9],"tags":[10695],"class_list":["post-176778","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-announcements","category-public","tag-current-affairs-compilations-for-prelims-2022","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176778","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=176778"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176778\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=176778"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=176778"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=176778"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
News:<\/strong> A recent study reveals that drought was likely not the sole reason for the collapse of the ancient Mayan civilization. This led to a theory that the Maya people faced starvation because of their dependence on drought-sensitive crops such as corn, beans and squash.<\/p>\n About Maya Civilization<\/strong>: Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican <\/strong>civilization. The civilization originated in the Yucatan Peninsula<\/strong>.<\/p>\n The civilization developed in the area that today comprises southeastern Mexico, all of Guatemala and Belize and the western portions of Honduras and El Salvador.<\/p>\n The civilization was known for its monumental architecture<\/strong> and an advanced understanding of mathematics and astronomy.<\/p>\n The civilization flourished between 600 and 800 AD. However, between 800 and 950 AD, many of the cities of civilization were abandoned. This period is called the collapse of the Classic Maya civilizations.<\/p>\n News:<\/strong> Recently, a team of scientists has used helpful bacteria to clean the art work of Michelangelo in Italy.<\/p>\n How is the Artwork cleaned?<\/strong><\/p>\n Art restorers have usually employed chemical agents and more recently laser techniques to remove dirt, oil, glue or pollutants from monuments, stonework, and paintings.<\/p>\n But since 1980s, when researchers first used micro-organisms like Bacteria Desulfovibrio vulgaris<\/strong> to clean a marble monument at the Cave Hill Cemetery in Louisville, the role of micro-organisms has been recognised in protecting the artistic heritage of humanity.<\/p>\n Aren\u2019t microorganisms like Bacteria considered harmful for Art?<\/strong><\/p>\n Bacteria and other tiny organisms have traditionally been viewed as a threat to art.<\/p>\n But not all are harmful<\/strong>. Some specialized microbes can be set loose on artwork in an effort to clean and restore the original glory of these pieces of cultural heritage.<\/p>\n Moreover, these bacteria are not modified or genetically engineered. They are just common ones from natural environments that love to eat various proteins.<\/p>\n News: <\/strong>The Ministry of Culture has announced \u2018DHARA, an Ode to Indian Knowledge System\u2019 as a part of the Science Week Vigyan Sarvatra Pujyate.<\/a><\/p>\n What is the purpose of DHARA?<\/strong><\/p>\n DHARA comprises a series of lecture demonstrations by eminent scholars across the world to revisit our history and celebrate the achievements of India and the contribution of great scholars, mathematicians, scientists, and leaders to its heritage.<\/p>\n The lectures commenced with \u2018Mathematics in India\u2019 which will focus on India\u2019s contribution to Mathematics through the ages.<\/p>\n Contributions of Indian Mathematicians<\/strong><\/p>\n Sulbasutras(<\/strong>\u223c<\/strong> 800 BCE): <\/strong>It is the oldest extant text. It explicitly states and makes use of the so-called Pythagorean theorem, besides giving various interesting approximations to surds.<\/p>\n Pingala\u2019s Chandassastra (<\/strong>\u223c<\/strong> 3rd cent. BCE):<\/strong> It lays foundations for various combinatorial techniques. (Knowledge of combinatorics is necessary to build a solid command of statistics).<\/p>\n Aryabhata (c. 499 CE): <\/strong>He described algorithms for extracting square root and cube root based on the decimal place-value system. He also presented the differential equation of the sine function in its finite-difference form and a method for solving the linear indeterminate equation.<\/p>\n Brahmagupta(c. 628):<\/strong> He discussed the arithmetic operations with zero. He also introduced the profound \u2018bhavana\u2019 law of composition for solving quadratic indeterminate equations.<\/p>\n Madhava (c. 1340\u20131420):<\/strong> He pioneered the Kerala School of astronomy and mathematics. He also discovered the infinite series for pi (\u03c0)\u2014the so-called Gregory-Leibniz series)\u2014and other trigonometric functions.<\/p>\n News: <\/strong>The Minister of State for Education has released the Hindi translation of Tolk\u0101ppiyam and the Kannada translations of 9 books of Classical Tamil literature.<\/p>\n Tamil Literature: <\/strong>Tamil writing systems date back to 250 BCE and Tamil sangam<\/em> poetry contains 2381 poems in Tamil composed by 473 poets. Some important Tamil works are: Tolk\u0101ppiyam<\/em>, the eight anthologies (Ettuttokai<\/em>) and Ten Songs (Pattuppattu<\/em>).<\/p>\n Tolk\u0101ppiyam:<\/strong> It was authored by Tolkappiyar and is considered the earliest of Tamil literary work.<\/p>\n It\u00a0is the most ancient extant Tamil grammar text and the oldest extant long work of Tamil literature<\/p>\n It is a comprehensive text on grammar, and includes sutras on orthography, phonology, etymology, morphology, semantics, prosody, sentence structure and the significance of context in language.<\/p>\n It is a unique work on grammar and poetics. It consists of three parts of nine sections each. The three parts deals with Ezhuthu <\/em>(letter), Col<\/em> (word) and Porul<\/em> (subject matter).<\/p>\n Almost all levels of the human language, from the spoken to the most poetic, lie within the purview of Tolkappiyar\u2019s analysis.<\/p>\n The Tolkappiyam in Hindi <\/em>was translated by Dr. H. Balasubramaniam<\/strong> and Prof. K. Nachimuthu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Ettutogai (Eight Anthologies):<\/strong> It consists of eight works \u2013 Aingurunooru, Narrinai, Aganaooru, Purananooru, Kuruntogai, Kalittogai, Paripadal and Padirruppatu.<\/p>\n Pattuppattu (Ten Idylls):<\/strong> It is an anthology of ten mid-length poems. It pictures the descriptions of the Tamil country and its seasons. It consists of ten works \u2013 Thirumurugarruppadai, Porunararruppadai, Sirupanarruppadai, Perumpanarruppadai, Mullaippattu, Nedunalvadai, Madurai Kanji, Kurinjippatttu, Pattinappalai and Malaipadukadam.<\/p>\n News:<\/strong> Sahitya Akademi is organising a literature festival named \u201cSahityotsav\u201d.<\/p>\n About Sahityotsav:<\/strong> Sahityotsav is a Festival of Letters of Sahitya Akademi. It is India\u2019s most inclusive literature festival. The festival will be a part of the celebrations to commemorate the 75th anniversary of India\u2019s Independence. The prestigious Sahitya Akademi Awards will also be presented during the festival.<\/p>\n About Sahitya Akademi Award<\/strong><\/p>\n Sahitya Akademi award was established in 1954. It is a literary honour that is conferred annually by Sahitya Akademi, India\u2019s National Academy of letters.<\/p>\n The Akademi gives 24 awards annually <\/strong>to literary works in the languages it has recognized, and an equal number of awards to literary translations from and into the languages of India.<\/p>\n Note:<\/strong> Besides the 22 languages enumerated in the Constitution of India, the Sahitya Akademi has recognised English and Rajasthani as languages in which its programme may be implemented.<\/p>\n Significance<\/strong>: The Sahitya Akademi award is the second-highest literary honour by the Government of India, after the Jnanpith award.<\/p>\n About Sahitya Akademi: <\/strong>Sahitya Akademi, India\u2019s National Academy of Letters, was founded in 1954 by the Ministry of Culture. It is an organisation dedicated to the promotion of literature in the languages of India<\/p>\n Though set up by the Government, the Akademi functions as an autonomous organisation. It was registered as a society in 1956 under the Societies Registration Act, 1860.<\/p>\n Location:<\/strong> Rabindra Bhawan near Mandi House in Delhi<\/p>\n News:<\/strong> The Ministry of Culture and Ministry of Textiles <\/strong>are organizing \u201cJharokha<\/strong>-Compendium of Indian handicraft\/ handloom, art and culture\u201d.<\/p>\n About Jharokha<\/strong><\/p>\n Jharokha is a celebration of traditional Indian handicrafts, handlooms, and art & culture.<\/p>\n It is a pan India celebration that held at 16 locations in 13 states and UTs.<\/p>\n The first event under this celebration is being organized in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.<\/p>\n It will be organized at Rani Kamlapati <\/a>Railway Station which is named after the brave and fearless Queen Kamlapati of the Gond kingdom of Madhya Pradesh.<\/p>\n Significance of the event<\/strong><\/p>\n News:<\/strong> At Least 14 civilians were killed in the firing incident in Mon District in Nagaland. The civilians belonged to the Konyak Community.<\/p>\n About Konyak Tribe<\/strong><\/p>\n Konkyak is one of the major tribes of Nagaland that reside mostly in the Mon district. They are also settled in Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and Myanmar.<\/p>\n Features: <\/strong>A distinct group of Konyaks is easily recognized by their tattooed faces.<\/p>\n Occupation:<\/strong> They are traditional hunters and warriors of Nagaland, but now their main occupation is agriculture.<\/p>\n Note:<\/strong> Mon is the only district in Nagaland where separatist group NSCN (IM) has not been able to set up base camps, largely due to resistance from the Konyaks.<\/p>\n In 2019, around\u00a04,700 Konyak Naga women<\/strong>, came together in their colourful traditional attire in an\u00a0attempt to set a Guinness World Record<\/strong>\u00a0for the \u201cLargest Traditional Konyak Dance\u201d.<\/p>\n Festivals<\/strong><\/p>\n Aoling Festival:<\/strong> It is a festival celebrated by the Konyak Naga people. It celebrates the arrival of spring and prays for a good upcoming harvest.<\/p>\n Lao-Ong Mo Festival <\/strong>also known as the Post-harvest festival is celebrated by the Konyak tribe to signify the winding up of all harvest activities, norms, and rituals that were practiced or adhered to by every household.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Dear Friends, This post is a part of our current affairs series for the UPSC IAS Prelims 2022. In this post, we have covered\u00a0Art, architecture, and Culture in the news of the Literature and Other important aspects section. This post covers current affairs from Dec. 2021 to 15th March 2022. In the 2nd part, we… Continue reading UPSC IAS Prelims 2022 Material | Art and Culture Current Affairs- Literature and Other important aspects \u2013 Dec. 2021- 15th March, 2022<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,9],"tags":[10695],"class_list":["post-176778","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-announcements","category-public","tag-current-affairs-compilations-for-prelims-2022","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176778","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=176778"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176778\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=176778"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=176778"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=176778"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nArtwork and Bacteria<\/span><\/h3>\n
\nDhara \u2013 an Ode to Indian Knowledge System<\/span><\/h3>\n
\nHindi translation of Tolk\u0101ppiyam<\/span><\/h3>\n
\nSahityotsav and Sahitya Akademi<\/span><\/h3>\n
\nJharokha-Compendium of Indian handicraft\/ handloom, art and culture<\/span><\/h3>\n
\n
\nKonyak Tribe<\/span><\/h3>\n