{"id":17701,"date":"2018-03-27T13:16:48","date_gmt":"2018-03-27T07:46:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=17701"},"modified":"2018-03-25T13:17:34","modified_gmt":"2018-03-25T07:47:34","slug":"answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-march-26-2018","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-march-26-2018\/","title":{"rendered":"Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 March 26, 2018"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/mains-marathon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Archives<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q.1)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Data protection law in India is currently facing many problem and resentments due the absence of proper legislative framework. In this context discuss the relevance of data protection laws in India. How is Government dealing with the Issue?(GS 3)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Presently data protection law in India is facing many problem and resentments due the absence of proper legislative framework. In this context discuss the relevance of data protection laws in India. The theft and sale of stolen data is happening across vast continents where physical boundaries pose no restriction or seem non-existent in this technological era. India being the largest host of outsourced data processing in the world could become the epicenter of cybercrimes this is mainly due the following reasons:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>1- \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><b>Growing Prominence<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is an unprecedented amount of personal data available with Government and Private Sector Players.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Digital India, Aadhaar and Demonetization<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> drives have added to the already growing pool of personal data with various public and private players to pursue their activities<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>2- \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><b>March of digitization<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>With rising cybercrime and data breaches<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><b>absence of strong data protection<\/b> <b>regulatory framework<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ensuring consumer protection and right to recourse, individuals tend to resort to non-electronic means for transactions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the Digital India roll-out, push on digital payments, rising e-commerce penetration, and an unprecedented number of platforms and services transacting PII of individuals, a stronger data protection regime is a must to foster trust in the data ecosystem<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>3- \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><b>Insufficient regulatory protection<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>The Information Technology (IT) Act 2008<\/b> <b>Section 43A<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Reasonable Security Practices and Procedure rules are not a substitute for a data protection regime.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>4- \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><b>Share in global digital trade<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cross-border data flows are increasingly becoming a key determinant for claiming a country\u2019s share in the global digital trade.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>How is Government dealing with the Issue?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>1- \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><b>Information Technology Act ,2000:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Information Technology Act 2000 is an Act of the Indian Parliament notified in 2000.It is the primary law in India dealing with cybercrime and electronic commerce.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>2- \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><b>The Information Technology (Amendment) Act 2008:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It introduced the<\/span><b> Section 66A<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> which penalized sending of &#8220;offensive messages&#8221;. It also introduced the <\/span><b>Section 69,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> which gave authorities the power of &#8220;interception or monitoring or decryption of any information through any computer resource&#8221;. It also introduced for \u00a0<\/span><b>Child porn, cyber terrorism and voyeurism.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>3- \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><b>The privacy (Protection) Bill, 2013<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Bill focuses on the protection of personal and sensitive personal data of persons.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are specific provisions in the bill related to collection, storage, processing, transfer, security, confidentiality, and disclosure of sensitive personal data in the Bill.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The consent of the data provider is necessary.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>4- \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Supreme Court said the introduction of a <\/span><b>\u201ccarefully structured\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> data protection regime and its contours were matters policy matters to be considered by the Centre<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>5- \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The government has already indicated in the court that the committee would be framing a data protection Bill similar to the <\/span><b>\u201ctechnology-neutral\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> draft Privacy Bill submitted by an earlier expert committee led by former Delhi High Court <\/span><b>Chief Justice A.P. Shah<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to the Planning Commission of India in 2012<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>6- \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><b>Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> would work with the panel and hand over all necessary information to it, after which the panel will start its discussions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q.2) <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Availability of safe water is becoming a major challenge,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> highlight the major reasons for water scarcity in India. What steps government has initiated in order to control this situation? Suggest some measures in order to tackle the problem of \u00a0water crisis in India.(GS 3)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The availability of safe water is becoming a major challenge for India. According to a Water Aid report in 2016 India ranked among the worst countries in the world for the number of people without safe water. An estimated 76 million people in India have no access to a safe water supply .The Asian Development Bank has forecast that by 2030, India will have a water deficit of 50 per cent. According to the 2018 edition of the UN World Water Development Report, the Central India is staring at deepening water scarcity, meaning withdrawal of 40% of the renewable surface water resources.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Major reasons for water scarcity in India:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1- \u00a0<\/span> <b>Demand and Supply gap: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rising population has led to increase in demand for water. However, there persists a gap between demand and supply which has led to water scarce scenarios in many parts of India<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>2- \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><b>Poor water quality: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water is contaminated with bio and chemical pollutants and is unsafe for drinking.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>3- \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><b>Inefficient agricultural practices and dwindling Groundwater Resources: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indiscriminate extraction of groundwater has led to declining water table in many parts of the country.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>4- \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><b>\u00a0Unequal Access to Water:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> According to WHO-UNICEF data, as of 2008, about 96 per cent of the urban population and 84 per cent of the rural population has access to improved water sources.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>5- \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><b>Poor storage:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In 2015, a report by the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation stated that though India receives an average annual rainfall of 1170 mm, poor storage infrastructure allows it to store only 6 per cent of rainwater, compared to 250 per cent stored by developed nations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>6- \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><b>Poor planning and infrastructure:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The problem of urban water supply is due to poor and leaky distribution networks leading to large amounts of \u201cunaccounted water.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Steps initiated by the government in order to control water crisis:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The government has taken the following steps in this direction:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1- \u00a0<\/span> <b>National Water Policy:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Water Policy has been to govern the planning and development of water resources and their optimum utilization.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>2- \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><b>National River Linking Project:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interlinking project aims to address the issue of uneven distribution water but has proved to be contentious between the government and civil society groups<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3- \u00a0<\/span> <b>Atal Bhujal Yojna: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Indian Government has formulated the water conservation scheme Atal Bhujal Yojana (ABY) to tackle ever-deepening crisis of depleting groundwater.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4- \u00a0<\/span> <b>National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It aims at providing every person in rural India with adequate safe water for drinking, cooking and other domestic basic needs on a sustainable basis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Measures:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Micro irrigation practices like drip and sprinkler systems have to be promoted in a big way for efficient use of water for agriculture.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both in urban and rural areas, digging of rainwater harvesting pits must be made mandatory for all types of buildings.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sustained measures should be taken to prevent pollution of water bodies, contamination of groundwater and ensure proper treatment of domestic and industrial waste water.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The UN World Water Development Report 2018 stresses nature-based solutions (NBS) to sustainably and economically manage water resources.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conscious efforts need to be made at the household level and by communities, institutions and local bodies to supplement the efforts of governments and non-governmental bodies in promoting water conservation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q.3) Write short note on:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a)- Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan(RUSA)(GS 3)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">b) \u00a0Integrated Scheme for Development of Silk Industry(GS 3)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan(RUSA):<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS), launched in 2013 aims at providing strategic funding to eligible state higher educational institutions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The central funding (in the ratio of 60:40 for general category States, 90:10 for special category states and 100% for union territories) would be norm based and outcome dependent.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The funding would flow from the central ministry through the state governments\/union territories to the State Higher Education Councils before reaching the identified institutions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The funding to states would be made on the basis of critical appraisal of State Higher Education Plans, which would describe each state\u2019s strategy to address issues of equity, access and excellence in higher education.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The key objectives of RUSA are to improve access, equity and quality in higher education through planned development of higher education at the state level.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RUSA would create new universities through upgradation of existing autonomous colleges and conversion of colleges in a cluster.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It would create new model degree colleges, new professional colleges and provide infrastructural support to universities and colleges.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Faculty recruitment support, faculty improvements programmes and leadership development of educational administrators are also an important part of the scheme.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A separate component to synergise vocational education with higher education has also been included in RUSA.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Besides above, \u00a0RUSA also supports reforming, restructuring and building capacity of institutions in participating state.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Integrated Scheme for Development of Silk Industry:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The scheme will be implemented through <\/span><b>Central Silk Board (CSB)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recently, the government has given its approval for the scheme for the next three years from 2017-18 to 2019-20.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The scheme aims to achieve self sufficiency in silk production by 2022.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The core objective of the scheme is to improve the productivity and quality of silk through R&amp;D intervention.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The focus of R&amp;D intervention is to promote improved crossbreed silk and the import substitute Bivoltine silk so that Bivotine silk production in India enhances.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All the beneficiaries under the scheme from silk farmers, seed producers and chawkirearers will be brought on a DBT mode with Aadhaar linkage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A Helpline will be set up for timely redressal of grievances and all outreach programmes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brand Promotion of Indian silk will be encouraged through quality certification by Silk Mark not only in the domestic market but in the Export market as well.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Archives Q.1) Data protection law in India is currently facing many problem and resentments due the absence of proper legislative framework. In this context discuss the relevance of data protection laws in India. How is Government dealing with the Issue?(GS 3) Presently data protection law in India is facing many problem and resentments due the&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-march-26-2018\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 March 26, 2018<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":2292,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17701","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mains-marathon-answers","category-public","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pen-paper-laptop.jpg?fit=1000%2C500&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1701137471},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17701","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17701"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17701\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17701"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17701"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17701"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}