{"id":183059,"date":"2022-05-06T20:14:35","date_gmt":"2022-05-06T14:44:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=183059"},"modified":"2022-05-06T20:14:35","modified_gmt":"2022-05-06T14:44:35","slug":"the-status-of-the-naga-peace-talks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/the-status-of-the-naga-peace-talks\/","title":{"rendered":"The status of the Naga peace talks"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>News<\/strong>: The annual report of the Ministry of Home Aff\u0081airs (MHA) released recently said that the Isak-Muivah faction of the National<br \/>\nSocialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN-IM) was involved in 44% of insurgency-related incidents in Nagaland in 2020.<\/p>\n<p>The Union government had, in 2015, signed a framework agreement with the NSCN-IM to fi\u008dnd a solution to the Naga political issue.<\/p>\n<p>The negotiations are yet to be concluded.<\/p>\n<h5>Why did Naga insurgency begin?<\/h5>\n<p>The term &#8216;Naga&#8217; was <strong>created by the British for administrative convenience<\/strong> to refer to a group of tribes with similar origins but distinct cultures, dialects, and customs.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The Naga tribes are accumulated in <strong>Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, and Myanmar<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Residing in the Naga hills of Assam during the advent of the British and the annexation of Assam in 1820, the Nagas <strong>did not consider themselves a part of British India<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The British adopted a way of governance over the Nagas that involved <strong>keeping in place their traditional ways of life<\/strong>, customs, and laws while putting British administrators at the top.<\/p>\n<p>At the time of the withdrawal of the British, <strong>insecurity grew among the Naga tribes<\/strong> about the future of their cultural autonomy after India\u2019s independence, which was accompanied by the <strong>fear of the entry of \u201cplains people\u201d or \u201coutsiders<\/strong>\u201d into their territory.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>These gave rise to the formation of the <strong>Naga Hills District Tribal Council<\/strong> in 1945, which was renamed the <strong>Naga National Council (NNC)<\/strong> in 1946.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Amid uncertainties over the post-independence future of the Nagas, a section of the NNC, led by <strong>Naga leader A.Z. Phizo declared the independence<\/strong> of the Nagas on August 14, 1947, a day before India\u2019s declaration.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; The <strong>underground insurgency began<\/strong> in the early 1950s when Mr. Phizo founded the <strong>Naga Federal Government (NFG)<\/strong> and its armed wing, the Naga Federal Army (NFA).<\/p>\n<p>The Central Government sent the insurgency and imposed the contentious <strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/explained-afspa-and-the-northeast-2\/\">Armed Forces Special Powers Act<\/a> <\/span>(AFSPA<\/strong>), which is still in place in parts of Nagaland.<\/p>\n<p>Unlike other groups in the northeast which were accepting some form of autonomy under the Constitution, Nagas rejected this in favour of sovereignty.<\/p>\n<p>Some leaders among the NNC formed their own group to hold discussions with the government, leading to the <strong>formation of the State of Nagaland in 1963<\/strong>. This, however, did not satisfy many in the NNC and NFG, who, following years of negotiations with the government, eventually signed the <strong>Shillong Accord of 1975<\/strong>, agreeing to surrender arms and accept the Constitution.<\/p>\n<h5>When did the NSCN came into the picture?<\/h5>\n<p>This <strong>signing of the Shillong Accord was not agreeable<\/strong> with many top leaders of the NNC and those operating from Myanmar as the agreement did not address the issue of Naga sovereignty and coerced them to accept the Constitution.<\/p>\n<p>Three NNC leaders \u2014 Thuingaleng Muivah of the Tangkhul Naga tribe of Manipur\u2019s Ukhrul district, Isak Chishi Swu of the Sema tribe, and S. S. Khaplang from Myanmar\u2019s Hemis tribe, <strong>formed the National Socialist Council Of Nagaland (NSCN)<\/strong> to continue the armed movement.<\/p>\n<p>The motto of the NSCN was to <strong>create a People\u2019s Republic of Nagaland<\/strong> free of Indian rule.<\/p>\n<p>In 1988, after years of infi\u008dghting and violent clashes, the NSC split intwo two groups &#8211; <strong>a)<\/strong> One, led by Mr. Muiwah and Swu called the <strong>NSCN-IM<\/strong> and the other, <strong>b)<\/strong> Second, led by Mr. Khaplang called the <strong>NSCN-K<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The NSCN-IM demanded and continues to demand <strong>\u2018Greater Nagaland\u2019 or Nagalim<\/strong> \u2014 it wants to extend Nagaland\u2019s borders by including Naga-dominated areas in the neighbouring States of Assam, Manipur and Arunachal Pradesh.<\/p>\n<p>The NSCN-IM has now grown to became the most powerful insurgent group, also playing a role in the creation of smaller groups in other States.<\/p>\n<h5>Where do peace talks stand now?<\/h5>\n<p>In 1997, the Government of India got the NSCN-IM to sign a <strong>ceasefi\u008dre agreement<\/strong> to begin the holding of talks with the aim of signing a Naga Peace Accord. After this ceasefi\u008dre, there have been over a hundred rounds of talks.<\/p>\n<p>In 2015, it signed a Framework Agreement with the NSCN (IM), the first step towards an actual Peace Accord.<\/p>\n<p>In 2020, the NSCN-IM accused the Centre&#8217;s interlocutor, Mr Ravi, of tweaking the agreement to mislead other Naga groups. The NSCN-IM continued to demand a <strong>separate fl\u008fag and constitution for the Nagas and the creation of Nagalim,<\/strong> which it claimed was agreed upon in the Agreement.<\/p>\n<p>On 19th April 2022, AK Mishra, the newly appointed interlocutor, visited the NSCN-IM\u2019s camp in Dimapur to hold closed-door talks but<strong> issues over the Naga fl\u008fag and constitution remain to be ironed out.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong>: This post is based on the article \u201c<strong>The status of the Naga peace talks<\/strong>\u201d published in <strong>The Hindu<\/strong> on <strong>6th May 22<\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>News: The annual report of the Ministry of Home Aff\u0081airs (MHA) released recently said that the Isak-Muivah faction of the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN-IM) was involved in 44% of insurgency-related incidents in Nagaland in 2020. The Union government had, in 2015, signed a framework agreement with the NSCN-IM to fi\u008dnd a solution to&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/the-status-of-the-naga-peace-talks\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">The status of the Naga peace talks<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10328,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1230,9],"tags":[216,10498],"class_list":["post-183059","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-9-pm-daily-articles","category-public","tag-gs-paper-3","tag-the-hindu","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/183059","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10328"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=183059"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/183059\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=183059"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=183059"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=183059"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}