{"id":18617,"date":"2018-04-13T13:31:36","date_gmt":"2018-04-13T08:01:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=18617"},"modified":"2018-04-13T11:32:04","modified_gmt":"2018-04-13T06:02:04","slug":"answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-april-12-2018","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-april-12-2018\/","title":{"rendered":"Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 April 12, 2018"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/mains-marathon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Archives<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q.1) Instead of a slew of schemes, it is the quality of the schemes which makes a difference. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this context Integrated Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan-2 project serves as a good example. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elaborate the statement. (GS \u2013 2)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Introduction:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Union Cabinet has approved a slew of reforms for school education in the country, in what could be considered as the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan-2 project.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Rashtriya MadhyamikShiksha Abhiyan and teacher training would be integrated into a single scheme from Classes 1 to 12.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The integrated scheme will be in place from April 1, 2018, to March 31, 2020, with an estimated allocation of Rs. 75,000 crore over the period, a 20% increase over the current allocation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Salient features of the scheme are:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Universalizing access to school education: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It aims to support the States in universalising access to school education from pre-nursery to Class 12 across the country<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Focus on educationally backward:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The government would focus on educationally backward districts, disabled students and women.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Digital Blackboards in the classroom<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: There would be a shift to digital blackboards from Class 9 to college education in the next five years<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Learning based outcome incentive:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The government will provide a 20% incentive to the States for a learning-outcome based education.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Early introduction of skill courses:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Now functional from Class 9 to Class 12 \u2014 would begin from Class 6 in future. This was aimed at enhancing the employability of students.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Interest free education loans:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Centre has also approved an increase in the outlay for making educational loans interest-free for students with modest financial means for studying in universities and colleges charging high fees.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Conclusion: <\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thus, the Integrated Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan-2 project sounds promising enough to upload the <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q.2) Behind most success stories of transgender person there is a contentious history. Do you think that beside Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2016, the community is still devoid of adequate social security and justice measures? Justify by giving examples. (GS -2)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Introduction:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shanavi Ponnusamy, a transwoman from Tamil Nadu, wrote to the President alleging that Air India had denied her a cabin crew job despite her clearing the written exam.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this regard, the Ministry of Social Justice sent a Bill on transgender rights to the Cabinet, with amendments as suggested by a Standing Committee.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These include bringing public establishments under Chapter V of the Bill, which prohibits discrimination in \u201cany matter relating to employment, including, but not limited to, recruitment, promotion and other related issues.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For K. Prithika Yashini, the first transwoman Sub-Inspector of Police in India, it took an order from the Madras High Court for the Tamil Nadu Uniformed Services Recruitment Board to appoint her.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thus, for every headline celebrating a transgender person\u2019s recruitment in a mainstream profession, there is a contentious history.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2016:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2016, is a result of the 2014 Supreme Court judgment recognising transgenders as the third gender and safeguarding their rights under Article 21 of the Constitution.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apart from welfare schemes for the community, the Bill also lists obligations of establishments as well as recognisable offences against the community.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Harassment of a transgender employee is an offence that carries with it a punishment of not less than six months imprisonment.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>The measures to be taken are as follows:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Enabling environment: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An enabling environment needs to be created, be it in education institutes or workplaces.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Sensitizing workforce:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In protecting the rights and dignity of the community.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Implementation of the laws:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> While laws to safeguard these rights are the first step, more important is to ensure their implementation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Formation of National Council for Transgender Persons:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Bill recommends the formation of a National Council for Transgender Persons that is tasked with monitoring and evaluating policies formulated for transgender persons.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Representation in Rajya Sabha:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This may pave the way for fulfilling the community\u2019s long-standing demand for representation in the Rajya Sabha.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Need of Vocational programs in creative fields:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Leading voices from the community have called for vocational programmes in creative fields, a recommendation made by the Standing Committee too.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q.3) Write short notes on:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>KELT-9b (GS -3)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><b>Introduction:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">KELT-9b is the hottest gas giant exoplanet known.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Significance:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">KELT-9b was detected using the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope and the results of its unusual nature were published in 2017.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Its dayside temperature is between 4,050 and 4,600 K, which makes it hotter than M-type stars, and many K-type stars.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It orbits HD 195689 (or KELT-9), a late B-type main sequence star about 620 light-years (190 parsecs) from Earth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The host star has a temperature of 10,170 K, which is remarkable, as transiting planets are not usually detected in hot stars.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As a reference, only six A-type stars were known to have planets prior to KELT-9b discovery.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>India Hypertension Management Initiative (IHMI) (GS -2)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><b>Introduction:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The India Hypertension Management Initiative (IHMI) is a collaborative project of Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), State Governments, World Health Organization (WHO), and Resolve to Save Lives initiative of Vital Strategies.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Aim<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IHMI aims to reduce disability and death related to cardiovascular disease (CVD).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This will be achieved by \u00a0improving the control of high blood pressure (hypertension), reducing salt consumption and eliminating artificial trans-fats, leading risk factors for CVD. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Features:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The IHMI is focused on five essential components of scalable treatment of hypertension:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Support the adoption of standardized simplified treatment plans for managing high blood pressure, <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ensure the regular and uninterrupted supply of quality-assured medications, <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">task sharing so health workers who are accessible to patients can distribute medications already prescribed by the medical officer, and <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">patient-centered services that reduce the barriers to treatment adherence. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data on hypertension will be improved through streamlined monitoring systems, and the lessons learned and practice-based evidence will inform further interventions to improve cardiovascular care. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IHMI will be progressively rolled out in 25 districts across districts selected by the Health Ministry for expansion of active screening and intensification of treatment activities for hypertension.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Archives Q.1) Instead of a slew of schemes, it is the quality of the schemes which makes a difference. In this context Integrated Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan-2 project serves as a good example. Elaborate the statement. (GS \u2013 2) Introduction: The Union Cabinet has approved a slew of reforms for school education in the country, in&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-april-12-2018\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 April 12, 2018<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":2292,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18617","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mains-marathon-answers","category-public","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pen-paper-laptop.jpg?fit=1000%2C500&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1702474993},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18617","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18617"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18617\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18617"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18617"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18617"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}