{"id":196310,"date":"2022-07-19T04:03:07","date_gmt":"2022-07-18T22:33:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=196310"},"modified":"2022-07-20T09:20:00","modified_gmt":"2022-07-20T03:50:00","slug":"the-case-for-a-portable-safety-net-for-migrants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/the-case-for-a-portable-safety-net-for-migrants\/","title":{"rendered":"The case for a portable safety net for migrants"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Source<\/strong>: The post is based on an article \u201cThe case for a portable safety net for migrants\u201d<\/strong> published in the Live Mint on 19th<\/sup> July 2022.<\/p>\n

Syllabus<\/strong>: GS 2 Government Policies and Interventions for Development in various sectors and issues arising out of their Design and Implementation; GS 3 Inclusive Growth<\/p>\n

Relevance<\/strong>: Safety Net of Migrants<\/p>\n

News<\/strong>: The recently released Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2020-21<\/strong> shows that 20.8% of total male migration in the country was from urban to rural areas in 2020-21.<\/p>\n

What is the certainty effect?<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Humans are naturally risk-averse. It means they try to reduce uncertainties in their decisions due to the certainty effect. <\/strong><\/p>\n

The certainty effect<\/strong> suggests people are less likely to select the outcomes that are merely probable, in comparison to the outcomes that are certain.<\/p>\n

During the first phase of the covid pandemic<\/strong>, there was a sudden reverse migration<\/strong> from urban to rural. It reflects the phenomenon of the certainty effect<\/strong>. The migrants were trying to avoid the risk, i.e. risk-aversion<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

What were the reasons for reverse migration which indicated risk aversion?<\/strong><\/h5>\n

The PLFS lists 16 reasons for migration. Few are<\/p>\n

(1) Around 6.7% of male migrants<\/strong> have attributed their migration to the loss of a job, closure of unit or lack of employment opportunities.<\/p>\n

(2) There were other reasons like health-related uncertainty, lockdowns, the temporary closure of shops and establishments, coupled with the absence of a safety net in some instances.<\/p>\n

What are the issues in accessing the safety nets for the migrant labourers?<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Although the government policies create safety nets<\/strong> for those who need them, when people migrate<\/strong>, they often miss out on the geographically-fixed safety<\/strong> net benefits.<\/p>\n

Some states have safety net provisions, but there are problems with the dissemination of information.<\/p>\n

Urban housing for migrants remains a big concern. For example,<\/strong> the slums have mushroomed in tier 1 and tier 2 cities.<\/p>\n

The Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act 1979<\/strong> mandates the registration<\/strong> of inter-state migrants. As per the act, the contractor<\/strong> has the duties and obligations to register the migrant labor. But the states have not enforced the act.<\/p>\n

What should be done?<\/strong><\/h5>\n

States should work with the Centre to reduce uncertainties for migrant workers.<\/p>\n

(1) The Economic Survey of 2020-21<\/strong> came up with a bare necessities index<\/strong>. The Ministry of Statistics<\/strong> could rely on this index to define a safety net in its computations. The Union government has initiated the process of making access to bare necessities portable<\/strong>. This has several benefits.<\/p>\n

(2) The government has launched One Nation, One Ration Card<\/strong> and Ayushman Bharat<\/strong> schemes to ensure uniform access to food and healthcare across India. Further, the Union government has introduced affordable rental housing complexes, a sub-scheme under the urban Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana.<\/p>\n

(3) Before policy intervention<\/strong> for migrants, the government should identify who the migrants<\/strong> are. The Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act 1979<\/strong> should be implemented to register the inter-state migrants.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Source: The post is based on an article \u201cThe case for a portable safety net for migrants\u201d published in the Live Mint on 19th July 2022. Syllabus: GS 2 Government Policies and Interventions for Development in various sectors and issues arising out of their Design and Implementation; GS 3 Inclusive Growth Relevance: Safety Net of… Continue reading The case for a portable safety net for migrants<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10308,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1230,9],"tags":[212,10501],"class_list":["post-196310","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-9-pm-daily-articles","category-public","tag-gs-paper-2","tag-live-mint","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704957540},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/196310","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10308"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=196310"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/196310\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=196310"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=196310"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=196310"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}