{"id":210511,"date":"2022-10-14T20:30:11","date_gmt":"2022-10-14T15:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=210511"},"modified":"2022-10-14T20:30:11","modified_gmt":"2022-10-14T15:00:11","slug":"the-democratisation-of-india-the-mandal-way","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/the-democratisation-of-india-the-mandal-way\/","title":{"rendered":"The democratisation of India, the Mandal way"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Source<\/strong>: The post is based on an article\u00a0\u201c<\/strong>The democratisation of India, the Mandal way\u201d <\/strong>published in\u00a0The Hindu<\/strong>\u00a0on\u00a014th<\/sup> October 2022<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Syllabus: GS 2 \u2013 <\/strong>Social Justice<\/strong><\/p>\n

Relevance:\u00a0<\/strong>history of social justice in India<\/strong><\/p>\n

News: <\/strong>\u00a0The article discusses how the changes were made for the depressed classes in India.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018Mandal\u2019 was a socio-political movement that changed the demographic diversity of people\u2019s representatives in India. It was also known as \u2018India\u2019s Silent Revolution\u2019 by Christophe Jaffrelot.<\/p>\n

How did the concept of social justice transformed from the colonial era?<\/strong><\/h5>\n

The path to social justice in modern India was started by social revolutionaries such as Jyotiba Phule, Savitribai Phule, etc. during the colonial rule.<\/p>\n

But the policy for depressed came only after B.R. Ambedkar brought the issue at the national level.<\/p>\n

The \u201cdepressed classes\u201d (Dalits) and \u201ctribals\u201d (Adivasis) were listed as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes respectively by 1935.<\/p>\n

Later, the Constitution of India recognized these depressed classes and came with the benefits of reservation in education and employment.<\/p>\n

However, a large section of the backward classes and occupational caste groups remained socially and educationally backward and their presence in elite services remained dismal.<\/p>\n

The post-independence years was dominated by Nehruvian socialism but the polity and governance remained in the hands of upper castes.<\/p>\n

Moreover, caste-class division was debated in the Constituent Assembly and it was thought that backward classes would be backward communities.<\/p>\n

But B.R. Ambedkar was against this view of the Constituent Assembly and he said: \u201c\u2026a backward community is a community which is backward in the opinion of the government\u2026.\u201d<\/p>\n

Further, the Mandal report stated that a caste can be a social class in India.<\/p>\n

How did the Constitution of India bring social justice?<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Article 340 of the Constitution<\/strong> led the formation of two backward class commissions namely \u2013 the Kalelkar Commission (1953-1955) and the Mandal Commission (1978-80).<\/p>\n

The Mandal Commission <\/strong>submitted a report that changed the scenario of the backward class in India and it led to \u201cMandal movement\u201d. It was a campaign for implementing the recommendations of the Mandal Commissions.<\/p>\n

The announcement of the implementation of one of the recommendations (27% reservation for the OBC in the central services) of the Mandal Commissions led the \u201cMandal moment\u201d.<\/p>\n

Further the 73rd and 74th Amendments<\/strong> took the idea of social justice by extending reservation benefits to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and OBCs and Horizontal reservation to all women.<\/p>\n

In 2006,<\/strong> reservations were extended to OBC candidates in institutions of higher learning which was popularly known as Mandal II.<\/p>\n

How did Mandal commission report helped in bringing social justice in other religions?<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Mandal recognized socially and educationally backward castes and communities irrespective of their religion.<\/p>\n

Pasmanda (backward in Persian) movement emerged among backward Muslims demanding democratisation and representation.<\/p>\n

Further, the Mandal report recognised a large section of Muslims and Christians who converted from Hinduism and a majority of them were continuing with their earlier caste-based occupations.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Source: The post is based on an article\u00a0\u201cThe democratisation of India, the Mandal way\u201d published in\u00a0The Hindu\u00a0on\u00a014th October 2022. Syllabus: GS 2 \u2013 Social Justice Relevance:\u00a0history of social justice in India News: \u00a0The article discusses how the changes were made for the depressed classes in India. \u2018Mandal\u2019 was a socio-political movement that changed the demographic… Continue reading The democratisation of India, the Mandal way<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10320,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1230,9],"tags":[212,10498],"class_list":["post-210511","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-9-pm-daily-articles","category-public","tag-gs-paper-2","tag-the-hindu","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210511","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10320"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=210511"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210511\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=210511"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=210511"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=210511"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}