{"id":226025,"date":"2023-02-10T21:11:41","date_gmt":"2023-02-10T15:41:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=226025"},"modified":"2023-02-20T14:03:41","modified_gmt":"2023-02-20T08:33:41","slug":"indias-green-hydrogen-challenge","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/indias-green-hydrogen-challenge\/","title":{"rendered":"India\u2019s green hydrogen challenge"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Source<\/strong>– The post is based on the article \u201cIndia\u2019s green hydrogen challenge\u201d <\/strong>published in The Hindu<\/strong> on 10th February 2023<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Syllabus: <\/strong>GS3- Infrastructure: Energy<\/p>\n

Relevance<\/strong>– Renewable sources of energy<\/p>\n

News<\/strong>– On India\u2019s 75th Independence Day, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the National Hydrogen Mission to make the country a production and export hub of green hydrogen.<\/p>\n

What are some facts about the National Hydrogen Mission?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

It has an initial outlay of Rs 19,744 crore over the next five year<\/strong>s. The target is 5 million metric tonnes production per annum<\/strong> with an associated renewable energy capacity addition of about 125 GW by 2030.<\/p>\n

It will lead to savings of $12.5 billion from fuel imports, averting 50 MMTs of annual emissions of Carbon dioxide, fresh investments of $100 billion, and 6,00,000 green jobs<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

What are challenges in production and use of green hydrogen?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Electrolyser challenge:<\/strong> According to IEA<\/strong>, as of 2021 the global manufacturing capacity<\/strong> of electrolysers stands at 8 GW\/year.<\/p>\n

If India were to achieve its 2030 target, it would need 60-100 GW of electrolyser capacity<\/strong>. It is almost 12 times the current global production capacity<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

India currently has launched projects to manufacture electrolysers<\/strong>, but the actual numbers as of today are negligible.<\/p>\n

Access to critical minerals <\/strong>such as nickel, platinum group metals and rare earth metals <\/strong>could hinder scaling up electrolyser manufacturing capability in India.<\/p>\n

These resources are concentrated in countries<\/strong> such as China, Democratic Republic of Congo, Australia, Indonesia, South Africa, Chile and Peru. India also has limited processing capabilities<\/strong> in these minerals.<\/p>\n

Energy source challenge:<\/strong> As per current estimates a completely efficient electrolysis system <\/strong>would require 39 kWh of electricity to produce 1 kg of hydrogen. Green hydrogen requires renewable energy as a source of electricity.<\/p>\n

India currently estimates a capacity of 125 GW of renewable energy<\/strong> to meet its green hydrogen 2030 targets. So far India has only achieved 119 GW of the 175 GW targeted capacity using solar, wind, bio-power and small hydro.<\/p>\n

In addition to the generation capacity, the transmission capacity for cross-border exchange<\/strong> of power between states is a critical requirement.<\/p>\n

End use challenge:<\/strong> Currently, most of the demand for hydrogen comes from the chemical industry to produce ammonia<\/strong> for fertilisers, refining for hydrocracking and the desulphurisation of fuels<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

It can be a source of heat for industries <\/strong>such as steel, cement and aluminium production. It can be used as fuel<\/strong> for heavy duty vehicles, aviation and shipping.<\/p>\n

The conversion efficiency<\/strong> from one form of energy carrier to another in the end use application will determine the scale of green hydrogen\u2019s applicability<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Hydrogen is a highly combustible and volatile elemen<\/strong>t. Its potency in other forms such as ammonia or methanol is only relatively reduced.<\/p>\n

It is critical to establish safety standards for storage and transportation<\/strong>. It will add to the cost of hydrogen as a fuel.<\/p>\n

Endogenous resources challenge:<\/strong> In the case of India, approximately 50 billion litres of demineralised water supply<\/strong> will be required for production of green hydrogen.<\/p>\n

Several parts of India are already severely water-stressed<\/strong>. So, solutions need to be found to cater to this additional water demand.<\/p>\n

Desalination<\/strong> has been suggested. But, this will increase the physical footprint of the required infrastructure<\/strong>. It will lead to more land use, impact biodiversity and create limitations in the location of electrolysers<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

What is the way forward to overcome these challenges?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

India needs to set up large scale manufacturing for electrolysers, building expertise and securing geo-political partnerships<\/strong> for procurement of critical minerals. There is a need for improving the overall technical and economic viability<\/strong> of electrolysers.<\/p>\n

Proposed green hydrogen hubs<\/strong> will be required to strike a fine balance<\/strong> between availability of renewable energy and being close to hydrogen demand centres for economic feasibility.<\/p>\n

India needs to add close to 100 GW of overall renewable energy capacity per year <\/strong>over the next seven years and. Dispatch corridors and mechanisms<\/strong> should be made available..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Source– The post is based on the article \u201cIndia\u2019s green hydrogen challenge\u201d published in The Hindu on 10th February 2023. Syllabus: GS3- Infrastructure: Energy Relevance– Renewable sources of energy News– On India\u2019s 75th Independence Day, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the National Hydrogen Mission to make the country a production and export hub of green… Continue reading India\u2019s green hydrogen challenge<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10320,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1230,9],"tags":[216,10498],"class_list":["post-226025","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-9-pm-daily-articles","category-public","tag-gs-paper-3","tag-the-hindu","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":{"total":9,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1698370592},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/226025","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10320"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=226025"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/226025\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=226025"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=226025"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=226025"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}