{"id":2268,"date":"2017-05-31T14:25:25","date_gmt":"2017-05-31T08:55:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=2268"},"modified":"2017-06-19T18:45:28","modified_gmt":"2017-06-19T13:15:28","slug":"answered-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-may-31","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answered-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-may-31\/","title":{"rendered":"Answered: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 May 31"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>1. <a href=\"http:\/\/forumias.com\/portal\/the-french-revolution-became-the-classic-example-of-a-revolution-which-many-nations-tried-to-emulate-discuss-the-biggest-achievements-of-the-french-revolution\/\"><strong>The French Revolution became the classic example of a revolution which many nations tried to emulate. Discuss\u00a0the biggest achievements of the French Revolution.<\/strong><\/a><strong>(GS 1)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Revolution\"><strong>Link<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>Introduction:-<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The French revolution obviously had a major impact on Europe and the New World.<\/li>\n<li>Historians widely regard the Revolution as one of the most important events in human history.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><u>The biggest achievements of French revolution are:-<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The French Revolution had a <strong>major impact on Europe and the New World.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Economy:-<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Rural France became more a land of small independent farms.<\/li>\n<li>Harvest taxes were ended, \u00a0much to the relief of the peasants.<\/li>\n<li>It changed the course of human history, <strong>bringing an end to feudalism<\/strong> and making a path for future advances in broadly defined freedom of an individual.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Social:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Because all the children had a share in the family&#8217;s property, there was a declining birth rate.<\/li>\n<li>Workers acquired rights<\/li>\n<li>Free land was a reality<\/li>\n<li>Agricultural reforms<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Political:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>held out the promise of rule by law under a constitutional order, but it did not rule out a monarch.<\/li>\n<li>It helped in the emancipation of the individual, in greater division of landed property, the abolition of the privileges of noble birth, the establishment of equality, the simplification of life.<\/li>\n<li>After the French revolution especially in <strong>France power to rule actually stayed with people<\/strong>.The king was a figurehead, the nobility had lost all their titles\u00a0.<\/li>\n<li>The impact on French nationalism was profound. Napoleon became such a heroic symbol of the nation that the glory was easily picked up by his nephew, who was overwhelmingly elected president<\/li>\n<li>Nationalism became a powerful force in all European Countries<\/li>\n<li>Constitutionalism was accepted<\/li>\n<li>Declarations of Rights had been made three times<\/li>\n<li>Right to Property declared<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Concerns:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Actual constitution of 1799 was a farce.<\/li>\n<li>These Declarations were more form than substance. In 1799 they<br \/>\nwere omitted.<\/li>\n<li>Flagrantly violated in the Terror, equality and security were<br \/>\nprefered to liberty (1799)<\/li>\n<li>It was never really tried, the Dictatorship began in<br \/>\n1799<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Religious:<\/li>\n<li><strong>Concerns:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>No religious freedom, strong anti-Protestant &amp; anti-semitic<br \/>\nfeelings arose<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/forumias.com\/portal\/what-was-new-imperialism-how-was-it-different-from-the-earlier-version\/\"><strong>What was New Imperialism? How was it different from the earlier version?<\/strong><\/a><strong>(GS 1)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Imperialism\"><strong>Link<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>New imperialism:-<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>New Imperialism\u00a0<\/strong>was a period of\u00a0colonial expansion by European powers,Japan and USA during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.<\/li>\n<li>The period is distinguished by an unprecedented pursuit of overseas territorial acquisitions.<\/li>\n<li>At the time,\u00a0states focused on building their empires with new technological advances and developments, making their territory bigger through conquest, and exploiting their resources.<\/li>\n<li>During the era of New Imperialism, the Western powers (and Japan) conquered almost all of Africa\u00a0and parts of Asia.<\/li>\n<li>The new wave of imperialism reflected ongoing rivalries among the powers, the economic desire for new resources and markets, and a civilizing mission ethos.<\/li>\n<li>Many of the colonies established during this era gained independence during the era of\u00a0decolonisation\u00a0that followed\u00a0WWII.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><u>How is it different from the previous version:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"319\">Old Imperialism<\/p>\n<p>(1450-1650)<\/td>\n<td width=\"319\">New\u00a0Imperialism (1870-1914)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"319\">Economic causes:<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 God, Glory, and Gold<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sought precious metals and goods<br \/>\nthey could not produce<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sought new routes to Asia<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"319\">Economic causes:<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cheap, certain raw materials<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Colonies functioned as markets for<br \/>\nmanufactured goods<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Large profits with minimum risks<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Military bases and materials<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Outlet for surplus population<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"319\">Religion:<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Primarily Roman Catholic missionary zeal<\/td>\n<td width=\"319\">Religion:<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 As much Protestant missionary\u00a0 activity as Catholic<br \/>\nHumanitarianism<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"319\">Geographic focus:<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Africa\u2014coastal<br \/>\nAsia\u2014coastal, islands<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Americas\u2014primary focus for<br \/>\ncolonization<\/td>\n<td width=\"319\">Geographic focus:<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sub-Saharan Africa divided up<br \/>\nSouth and southeast Asia colonized<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spheres of influence\u2014Asia<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"319\">Technology:-<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ocean-going vessels<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cannon<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Muskets<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Writing<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"319\">Technology:-<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Quinine<br \/>\nVaccination<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Machine gun<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Railroad<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Telegraph<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Steamboat<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"319\">Nature:<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aspect of exploration and Commercial Revolution<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Africa and Asia\u2014more commercial<br \/>\nempire<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Explored for new trade routes<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Americas more a land empire<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Founded settlements<br \/>\nEstablished rule<\/td>\n<td width=\"319\">Nature:<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aspect of Industrial Revolution<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Africa and Asia land empires<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pushed social reforms and western<br \/>\neducation<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spread blessings of Western culture<br \/>\nNationalism<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"319\">Administration:<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Large geographic areas under single nation<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 British established permanent<br \/>\ncolonies with limited self-rule<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spain\u2014subjected conquered people<br \/>\nto system of forced labor<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Not interested in territorial acquisitions<br \/>\nand war, though they did occur<\/td>\n<td width=\"319\">Administration:<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Smaller colonial areas<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 British relied on indirect rule<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Other powers ruled directly through<br \/>\npaternalism and assimilation<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Not result of coherent planning<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 With telegraph, more control from<br \/>\nmother country<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 More racism and segregation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"319\">Education:<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 State-supported in Java and India<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"319\">Education:<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Africa<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 not state education<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 left to Missionaries;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 higher education not\u00a0promoted<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Asia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 More access to higher education<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Superiority of Western learning and<br \/>\nculture stressed<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ultimately\u00a0provoked anti-colonial resistance and nationalism<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"319\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Resistance to Colonial Rule :-<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Natives of New Mexico revolted against Spanish settlers<\/td>\n<td width=\"319\"><strong>Resistance to Colonial Rule :-<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Algerians and East Africans failed in<br \/>\nresistance attempts<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"319\"><strong>Leading states:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1500s: Portugal &amp; Spain<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1600s :France, Britain, &amp;<br \/>\nNetherlands<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"319\"><strong>Leading states:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Great Britain<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 France<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Germany<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 USA<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Italy<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Belgium<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Russia<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"319\"><strong>Impact of colonization:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Negative<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of natives from war and<br \/>\nEuropean diseases<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Breakdown of traditions<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Positive<\/strong><br \/>\nGlobal exchange of food items and<br \/>\nlivestock<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"319\"><strong>Impact of colonization:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Negative:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of natives from war and<br \/>\nEuropean diseases<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Economic exploitation<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Arbitrary political divisions<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Breakdown of traditions<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Positive<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Reduced local warfare<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Unification<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Modernization<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Raised standards of living<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"319\"><strong>Reason for End:-<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nations lost interest because:<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Napoleonic Wars<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nationalistic movements<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Industrial development<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cost of colonies outweighed benefits<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"319\"><strong>Reasons for end:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>WorldWar I and<\/p>\n<p>Native uprisings<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/forumias.com\/portal\/discuss-how-maternal-undernourishment-is-a-potent-contributor-to-child-stunting-in-india\/\">3.<strong> Discuss how maternal undernourishment is a potent contributor to child stunting in India.<\/strong><\/a><strong>(GS 2)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/motherchildnutrition.org\/malnutrition\/about-malnutrition\/impact-of-malnutrition.html\"><strong>Link<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/publications\/files\/Tracking_Progress_on_Child_and_Maternal_Nutrition_EN_110309.pdf\"><strong>UNICEF<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>How maternal undernourishment is a potent contributor to child stunting in India:-<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>UNICEF report shows that an estimated 195 million children\u00a0under age 5 in developing countries suffer from stunting,\u00a0a consequence of chronic nutritional deprivation that begins\u00a0in the period before birth if the mother is undernourished.<\/li>\n<li>Of these, more than 90 per cent are in Asia and Africa.<\/li>\n<li>Maternal undernutrition affects a woman\u2019s chances of\u00a0surviving pregnancy as well as her child\u2019s health.<\/li>\n<li>Women\u00a0who were stunted as girls, whose nutritional status was\u00a0poor when they conceived or who didn\u2019t gain enough<br \/>\nweight during pregnancy may deliver babies with low\u00a0birthweight. These infants in turn may never recoup from\u00a0their early disadvantage.<\/li>\n<li>Like other undernourished<br \/>\nchildren, they may be susceptible to infectious disease and\u00a0death, and as adults they may face a higher risk of chronic<br \/>\nillness such as heart disease and diabetes.<\/li>\n<li>Thus the health of the child is inextricably linked to the health of the mother.<\/li>\n<li>A woman\u2019s low weight for height or<br \/>\nanaemia during pregnancy can lead to low birthweight\u00a0and continued undernutrition in her children.<\/li>\n<li>At the same\u00a0time, maternal undernutrition increases the risk of\u00a0maternal death during childbirth.<\/li>\n<li>Household food security, often influenced by such\u00a0factors as poverty, drought and other emergencies, has\u00a0an important role in determining the state of child and maternal nutrition in many countries.<\/li>\n<li>Short stature of the mother and poor maternal nutrition stores increase the risk of Intrauterine growth retardation\u00a0(IUGR).<\/li>\n<li>The level of maternal nutrition during pregnancy can affect newborn body size and composition.\n<ul>\n<li>Iodine-deficiency in mothers usually causes brain damage in their offspring, and some cases cause extreme physical and mental retardation.<\/li>\n<li>This affects the children\u2019s ability to achieve their full potential.<\/li>\n<li>In 2011 UNICEF reported that thirty percent of households in the developing world were not consuming iodized salt, which accounted for 41\u00a0million infants and newborns in whom iodine deficiency could still be prevented.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Other factors include:-<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>A study in Pakistan revealed that<br \/>\nthe majority of infants with signs of undernutrition hadmothers with virtually no schooling.<\/li>\n<li>Women\u2019s social status\u00a0in many developing countries, the low status of women\u00a0is considered to be one of the primary determinants of\u00a0undernutrition across the life cycle.<\/li>\n<li>Women\u2019s low status\u00a0can result in their own health outcomes being compromised,<br \/>\nwhich in turn can lead to lower infant birthweight and may\u00a0affect the quality of infant care and nutrition.<\/li>\n<li>A study in\u00a0India showed that women with higher autonomy were significantly less likely to have a stunted child when compared with their peers who had less autonomy.<\/li>\n<li>Infants born to young mothers who are not fully developed are found to have low birth weights.<\/li>\n<li>Maternal body size is strongly associated with the size of newborn children.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><u>What needs to be done?<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Evidence of successful programmes<br \/>\nin a number of countries \u2013 salt iodization,vitamin A supple-<br \/>\nmentation, exclusive breastfeeding and community-based\u00a0treatment of severe acute malnutrition \u2013 shows that this can<br \/>\nbe done rapidly and effectively, and the experiences gained in these programmes can be used as a guide.<\/li>\n<li>An improvement in the status of women including access to education and health care, a higher \u00a0degree of decision-making power and gender equality \u00a0will contribute to marked and sustained improvements in child \u00a0nutrition.<\/li>\n<li>A global momentum is needed that will entail unified and\u00a0compelling advocacy among governments, lead organizations and institutions.<\/li>\n<li>Enhanced advocacy and resources,<br \/>\nin combination with strengthened collaboration and\u00a0effective coordination at the international level, should be<br \/>\nreflected at the country level, with clear national ownership and leadership.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. The French Revolution became the classic example of a revolution which many nations tried to emulate. Discuss\u00a0the biggest achievements of the French Revolution.(GS 1) Link Introduction:- The French revolution obviously had a major impact on Europe and the New World. Historians widely regard the Revolution as one of the most important events in human&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answered-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-may-31\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Answered: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 May 31<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":2292,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mains-marathon-answers","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pen-paper-laptop.jpg?fit=1000%2C500&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704728926},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2268","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2268"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2268\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}