{"id":230425,"date":"2023-03-10T19:20:21","date_gmt":"2023-03-10T13:50:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=230425"},"modified":"2023-08-28T14:36:04","modified_gmt":"2023-08-28T09:06:04","slug":"internal-migration-in-india-and-associated-challenges","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/internal-migration-in-india-and-associated-challenges\/","title":{"rendered":"Internal Migration in India and associated challenges: Explained, pointwise"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #f7f2f2; height: 28px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 28px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100%; height: 28px;\">For\u00a0<strong>7PM Editorial<\/strong>\u00a0Archives click<strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/7-pm-editorials\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HERE <\/a>\u2192<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b style=\"font-family: var(--heading--font-family); font-size: 26px; letter-spacing: var(--heading--letter-spacing-h2); background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary);\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Introduction<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Recently,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">a<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">fake<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">video<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">was<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">found<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Tamil<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Nadu<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">that<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">showed<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">images<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">locals<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">beating<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">up<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrant<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">workers.<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Representatives<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">from<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Bihar<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Jharkhand<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">have<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">been<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Tamil<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Nadu<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">check<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">out<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">situation.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\"> The issue once again stirred the debates on issues of Internal Migration in India.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What is the <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Internal Migration<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:true,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Migration<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">is<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">geographic<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">movement<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">people<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">across<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">a<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">specified<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">boundary<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">for<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">purpose<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">establishing<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">a<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">new<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">permanent<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">or<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">semi-permanent<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">residence.<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">The<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">term<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201c<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migration<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201d<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201c<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">out<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migration<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201d<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">are<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">used<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">for<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">movement<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">between<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">areas<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">within<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">a<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">country<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">(internal<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migration).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Note<\/strong>: The terms \u201cimmigration\u201d and \u201cemigration\u201d are used to refer to moves between countries (international migration).\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<h2><strong>What are the constitutional provisions that facilitate Internal migration?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u2022\" data-font=\"Kailasa Regular\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;201340374&quot;:2,&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:180,&quot;335559991&quot;:180,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\u2022&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">M<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">igration<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">within<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">country<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">for<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">work<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">is<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">a<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">fundamental<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">right<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">a<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">citizen<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">as<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">upheld<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">by<\/span> <strong>Article 19 <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Constitution<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">India.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u2022\" data-font=\"Kailasa Regular\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;201340374&quot;:2,&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:180,&quot;335559991&quot;:180,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\u2022&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">fundamental<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">rights<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">further<\/span> <strong>prohibit human trafficking and guarantee freedom from discrimination based on place of <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>birth<\/strong>,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">equal<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">opportunities<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">for<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">employment,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">protection<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">from<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">forced<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">as<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">well<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">as<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">child<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">labour.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u2022\" data-font=\"Kailasa Regular\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;201340374&quot;:2,&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:180,&quot;335559991&quot;:180,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\u2022&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Interstate<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migration<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">comes<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">under<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">seventh<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">schedule<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Constitution,<\/span> <strong>List I (Union <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>List)<\/strong>,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">entrusting<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">authority<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">central<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">government.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What is the status of Internal Migration in India?<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_230426\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-230426\" style=\"width: 480px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-230426\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Internal-Migration-in-India-and-associated-challenges.png?resize=480%2C242&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Internal Migration\" width=\"480\" height=\"242\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Internal-Migration-in-India-and-associated-challenges.png?w=2066&amp;ssl=1 2066w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Internal-Migration-in-India-and-associated-challenges.png?resize=300%2C151&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Internal-Migration-in-India-and-associated-challenges.png?resize=1024%2C515&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Internal-Migration-in-India-and-associated-challenges.png?resize=768%2C387&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Internal-Migration-in-India-and-associated-challenges.png?resize=1536%2C773&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Internal-Migration-in-India-and-associated-challenges.png?resize=2048%2C1031&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Internal-Migration-in-India-and-associated-challenges.png?resize=1568%2C789&amp;ssl=1 1568w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-230426\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Census<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">According to the 2011<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Census, <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">India<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">had<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">45.6<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">crore<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrants<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">2011<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">(38%<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">population)<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">compared<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">31.5<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">crore<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrants<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">2001<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">(31%<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">population).<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">In<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">2011,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u202f<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">99%<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">total<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migration<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">was<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">internal<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">immigrants<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">(international<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrants)<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">comprised<\/span> just <span data-contrast=\"none\">1%.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>In 2017, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation stated that 17 districts accounted for the top 25% of India\u2019s total male out-migration.<\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">According<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Economic<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Survey<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">2022-23,<\/span> <strong>Tamil Nadu <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\">has<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">highest<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">number<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">interstate<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrants<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8211;<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">over<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">25<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">lakh<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">people<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8211;<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">engaged<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">factories<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">India.<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">States<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">like<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Jharkhand<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Bihar<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">are<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">amongst<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">lowest.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What are the benefits of Internal Migration in India?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:true,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_230427\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-230427\" style=\"width: 436px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-230427\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Internal-migrants-in-India.png?resize=436%2C342&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Internal migration in India\" width=\"436\" height=\"342\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Internal-migrants-in-India.png?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Internal-migrants-in-India.png?resize=300%2C235&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Internal-migrants-in-India.png?resize=1024%2C802&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Internal-migrants-in-India.png?resize=768%2C602&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-230427\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: MoHUA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Match labour demand and s<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>upply<\/strong>:<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Migration<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">fills<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">gaps<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> the\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">demand<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">for<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">supply<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">labour,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">efficiently<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">allocates<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">skilled<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">labour,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">unskilled<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">labour,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">cheap<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">labour.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Availability of cheap <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>labour<\/strong>: Internal<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">migration<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">offers<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">a<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">competitive<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">environment<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">for<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">manufacturing<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">especially<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">availability<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">cheap<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">labour.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Improve <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>inequity<\/strong>:<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Due<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">internal<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migration,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">wages<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">rural<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">areas<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">increase.<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">The<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">people<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">from<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">poorer<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">section<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">get<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">job,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">inequality<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">improves.<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Some<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrate<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">for<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">seasonal<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">work,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">then<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">they<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">come<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">back<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">with<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">remittances.<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">There<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">are<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">two<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">channels<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">that<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">work<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">improve<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">inequalities<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">areas<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">origin<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">areas.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Reap the demographic <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>dividend<\/strong>:<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Migrant<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">workers<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">can<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">help<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">economy<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">reap<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">demographic<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">dividend<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">when<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">quality<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">jobs,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">adequate<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">healthcare<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">nutrition<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">universal<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">social<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">protection<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">are<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">provided.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Circular migration or repeat migration<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\">:<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">It<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">is<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">temporary<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">usually<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">repetitive<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">movement<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">a<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrant<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">worker<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">between<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">home<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">host<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">areas,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">typically<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">for<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">purpose<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">employment. circular<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrants<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">are<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">backbone<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">our<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">economy<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">contribute<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">at<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">least<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">10%<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">India\u2019s<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">gross<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">domestic<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">product<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">(GDP).<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Improve Quality of <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Life<\/strong>:<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Migration<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">enhances<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">chances<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">employment<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">economic<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">prosperity<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">which<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">turn<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">improves<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">quality<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">life.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Social <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Remittances<\/strong>:<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Migration<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">makes<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrants&#8217;<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">social<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">lives<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">better<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">because<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">they<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">learn<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">about<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">new<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">cultures,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">customs,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">languages.<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">This<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">helps<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">people<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">get<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">along<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">better<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">with<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">each<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">other<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">makes<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">sure<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">that<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">people<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">are<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">more<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">equal<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">tolerant.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Help\u00a0India reach Sustainable Development Goal 8 <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>(SDG-8)<\/strong>: It will <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8220;Promote<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">sustained,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">inclusive,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">sustainable<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">economic<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">growth,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">full<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">productive<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">employment,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">decent<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">work<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">for<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">all.&#8221;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>What are the challenges faced by Internal migrants?<\/strong><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-230431\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Internal-Migration-in-India-and-associated-challenges-1.jpg?resize=264%2C284&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Internal Migration \" width=\"264\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Internal-Migration-in-India-and-associated-challenges-1.jpg?w=1274&amp;ssl=1 1274w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Internal-Migration-in-India-and-associated-challenges-1.jpg?resize=279%2C300&amp;ssl=1 279w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Internal-Migration-in-India-and-associated-challenges-1.jpg?resize=952%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 952w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Internal-Migration-in-India-and-associated-challenges-1.jpg?resize=768%2C826&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 264px) 100vw, 264px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Lack<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">social<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">security<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">health<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">benefits<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">poor<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">implementation<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">minimum<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">safety<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">standards<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">law.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Lack<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">access<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">affordable<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">housing<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">basic<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">amenities<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">urban<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">areas.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Exclusion from Political <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Rights<\/strong>: Migrant<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">workers<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">are<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">deprived<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">many<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">opportunities<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">exercise<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">their<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">political<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">rights<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">like<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">right<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">vote.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Language, food and other cultural <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>barriers<\/strong>:<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Most<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">internal<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrants<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">come<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">from<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">rural<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">areas.<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">They<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">mostly<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">speak<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">only<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">their<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">mother<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">tongue<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">cannot<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">converse<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">sufficiently<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">well<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">other<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">regional<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">language.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Neither<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">local<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">people<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">are<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">conversant<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Hence,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">communication<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">with<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">local<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">people<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">employers,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">travelling,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">accessing<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">government<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">benefits,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">medical<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">facilities,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">reading<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">writing<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">integration<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">with<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">local<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">culture<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">food<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">habits<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">are<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">major<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">challenges<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">for<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrants.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Exploitation, discrimination and non-payment of <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>wage<\/strong>:<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">The<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">vulnerability<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrants<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">is<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">vivid,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">especially<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">when<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">it<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">comes<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">working<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">hours,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">safety<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">measures,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">hazardous<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">jobs<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">low<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">wages<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">compared<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">local<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">workers.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sexual abuse and gender <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>violence<\/strong>:<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Women<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrants<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">are<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">most<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">vulnerable.<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Women<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">face<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">double<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">victimisation,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">wages<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">are<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">lower<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">than<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">that<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">men,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">they<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">are<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">sexually<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">abused<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">harassed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Trafficking and bonded <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>labour<\/strong>:<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Migrant<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">workers<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">are<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">susceptible<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">human<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">trafficking<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">become<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">bonded<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">labourers.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Health hazards, accidents and <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>deaths<\/strong>:<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Migrant<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">workers<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">are<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">vulnerable<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">health<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">hazards<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">infectious<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">diseases<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">due<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">deplorable<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">living<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">conditions<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">often<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">provided<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">by<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">employer<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">at<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">work<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">sites.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Xenophobia<\/strong>:<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Some<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">examples<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">xenophobic<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">tendencies<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">are<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">anti-lungiwalas<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">movement<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">1960s,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">anti-bhaiya<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">movement<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">1980s<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Maharashtra,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8220;sons<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">soil&#8221;<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">movement<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Assam,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">similar<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">anti-migrant<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">agitations<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">attacks<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Gujarat,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Karnataka,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">etc.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Vulnerability to crises and <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>disasters<\/strong>:<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Migrant<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">workers<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">are<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">highly<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">vulnerable<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">disasters<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">often<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrate<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">cope<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">with<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">droughts,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">floods,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">landslides,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">earthquakes<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">or<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">cyclones.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What are the challenges in addressing internal labour migration issues in India?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:true,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>No policy <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>framework<\/strong>:<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">There<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">is<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">a<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">lack<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">a<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">policy<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">framework<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">for<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">inclusion<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">internal<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrant<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">workers<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">India.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">There<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">is<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">inadequate<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">coordination<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">among<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">states<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">on<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">a<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">formal<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">exchange<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">information<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">on<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrant<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">workers.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Invisible <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>workers<\/strong>:<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Migrant<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">workers<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">are<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">not<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">covered<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">by<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">protective<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">law<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">since<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">India<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">has<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">not<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">ratified<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">International<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Labour<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Organization\u2019s<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Domestic<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Workers<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Convention,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">2011.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Little to no emphasis on migration<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\">:<\/span> A <span data-contrast=\"none\">latest<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">report <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">observes<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">that<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">there<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">has<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">been<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">little<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">no<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">emphasis<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">on<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migration<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">within<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">country.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Informal arrangements<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\">:<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">The<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">lack<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">policy<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">focus<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">on<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">internal<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migration<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">within<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">country<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">has<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">been<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">attributed<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">presence<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">informal<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">arrangements<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">which<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrants<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">work<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">due<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">absence<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">reliable<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">estimates<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">on<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrants.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Absence of reliable databases<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\">:<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Migrant<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">workers<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">remain<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">un-enumerated<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">unrecognized<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">at<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">local,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">regional<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">national<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">levels.<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">It<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">is<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">challenging<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">for<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">local<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">self-governments<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">(LSGs)<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">labour<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">departments<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">engage<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">with<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">high<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">labour<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">mobility<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">as<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">it<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">is<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">characterized<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">by<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">informality<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">lack<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">documentation<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Employers incur no <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>liability<\/strong>:<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Employers<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">use<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">recruiters<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">find<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">manage<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">workers<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">thereby<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">absolve<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">themselves<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">from<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">any<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">responsibility<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">for<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">protecting<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">their<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">rights<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">providing<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">decent<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">working<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">conditions.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What are the government policies taken to protect internal migrants?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:true,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Central government Initiatives:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><strong>A Policy for Integrating Migrants with <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Development<\/strong>:<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">The<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Ministry<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Housing<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Urban<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Poverty<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Alleviation<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">(MHUPA),<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">constituted<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201c<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Working<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Group<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">on<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Migration<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201d<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">2015<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> it <span data-contrast=\"none\">submitted<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">a<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">report<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">2017. The<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">report<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">made<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">a<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">number<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">recommendations<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">provides<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">a<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">roadmap<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">for<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">better<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">inclusion<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrants<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">at<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">their<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">destinations<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Legislative <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>arrangement<\/strong>:<\/span> The Interstate Migrant Workmen\u2019s Act, 1979 <span data-contrast=\"none\">has<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">been<\/span> the <span data-contrast=\"none\">only<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">legislation<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">governing<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">conditions<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrant<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">workers<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">India<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">However,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrant<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">workers<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">have<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">been<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">governed<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">by<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">various<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">labour<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">laws<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">with<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">no<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">focus<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">on<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migration<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">status<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">such<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">as<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Contract<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Labour<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">(Regulation<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Abolition)<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Act,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">1970;<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Unorganized<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Workers<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Social<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Security<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Act,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">2008. In<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">2020,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">different<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">labour<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">laws<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">were<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">amalgamated<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">into<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">four<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">labour<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">codes.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Draft National Migrant Labour <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>policy<\/strong>:<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">In<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">2021,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">NITI<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Aayog <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">has<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">prepared<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">a<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">draft<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">National<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Migrant<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Labour<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">policy.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Other <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>arrangements<\/strong>:<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Some<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">other<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">projects<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">are<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">One<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Nation<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">One<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Ration<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Card<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">(ONORC)<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">project,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Affordable<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Rental<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Housing<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Complexes<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">(ARHC),<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">PM<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Garib<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Kalyan<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Yojna<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">scheme<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">e-Shram<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">portal.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">State government Initiatives:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u2022\" data-font=\"Kailasa Regular\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;201340374&quot;:2,&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:240,&quot;335559991&quot;:240,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\u2022&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">In<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">2012,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">with<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">help<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">International<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Labour<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Organisation,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">an<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">MoU<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">was<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">signed<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">between<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Odisha<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Andhra<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Pradesh<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">track<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">labourers<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrating<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">from<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">11<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">districts<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Odisha<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">work<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">brick<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">kilns<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">then-united<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Andhra<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Pradesh.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u2022\" data-font=\"Kailasa Regular\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;201340374&quot;:2,&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:240,&quot;335559991&quot;:240,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\u2022&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Kerala<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">has<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">set<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">up<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">facilitation<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">centres<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">for<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrant<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">workers<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">whom<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">state<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">refers<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">as<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201c<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">guest<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">workers\u201d.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><strong>Read more: <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/about-internal-labour-migration-issues-migrants-are-all-of-us\/\">Migrants Are All Of Us\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What should be done to protect internal migrants?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:true,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Bring different sections together<\/strong>: There is a need<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">bring<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">together<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">different<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">sectoral<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">concerns<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">related<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migration,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">including<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">social<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">protection,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">housing,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">health<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">education.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Streamlining <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>recruitments<\/strong>: This is to <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">eliminate<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">occupational<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">vulnerability<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">strive<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">towards<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">humane<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">working<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">conditions<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> various <span data-contrast=\"none\">sectors.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Introduce outreach methods<\/b>: This is <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">provide<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">information,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">education<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">communication<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">support<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrant<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">workers.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Separate management bodies<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>for interstate migration<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\">:<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">This<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">will<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">helpful<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">improving<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">data<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">on<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migration,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">especially<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">data<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">on<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">seasonal<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">circular<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migration.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The other necessary reform include <span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>a) <\/strong>Ensuring <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">financial <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">inclusion <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">for <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">the <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">migrants, <strong>b)\u00a0<\/strong>M<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">oving<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">towards<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">a<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">universal<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">social<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">protection<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">system;<\/span><strong><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0c)\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\">G<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">uaranteeing<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">dignified,<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">safe<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">healthy<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">living<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">working<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">conditions<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">;<\/span><strong><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0d)\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\">Enabling<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">workers\u2019<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">collectivisation<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">organisations,\u00a0<strong>e)<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Bringing<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">technology<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">design<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">innovations<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">address<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">nutrition,<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">housing,<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">water<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">sanitation<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">needs<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">of<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">migrant<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">workers,\u00a0<strong>f)<\/strong>\u00a0Conducting research and training to improve policy and practice.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Conclusion<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:true,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">In<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">next<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">ten<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">years,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">migrant<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">workers<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">in<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">India<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">could<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">be<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">key<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">country&#8217;s<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">growth<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">progress.<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">For<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">this<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">reason,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">government<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">the<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">private<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">sector<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">need<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">take<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">more<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">long-term<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">steps<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sources: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.livemint.com\/Politics\/8WPPsZygqR7Mu6e3Fgy55N\/A-million-migrations-Journeys-in-search-of-jobs.html\">Live Mint<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/prsindia.org\/theprsblog\/migration-in-india-and-the-impact-of-the-lockdown-on-migrants\">PRS<\/a>,\u00a0DTE (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/news\/governance\/national-migrant-policy-a-good-first-draft-76352\">Article 1<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/factsheet\/internal-migration-in-india-why-where-how-much-71283\">Article 2<\/a>) and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/---asia\/---ro-bangkok\/---sro-new_delhi\/documents\/publication\/wcms_763352.pdf\">ILO<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For\u00a07PM Editorial\u00a0Archives click\u00a0HERE \u2192 Introduction Recently, a fake video was found in Tamil Nadu that showed images of locals beating up migrant workers. Representatives from Bihar and Jharkhand have been to Tamil Nadu to check out the situation. The issue once again stirred the debates on issues of Internal Migration in India. What is the&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/internal-migration-in-india-and-associated-challenges\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Internal Migration in India and associated challenges: Explained, pointwise<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10311,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[130,9],"tags":[80,263],"class_list":["post-230425","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-7-pm","category-public","tag-geography","tag-gs-paper-1","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":{"total":91,"cached_at":1698385042,"cached_date":1698460332},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230425","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10311"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=230425"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230425\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=230425"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=230425"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=230425"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}