{"id":231119,"date":"2023-03-15T19:28:57","date_gmt":"2023-03-15T13:58:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=231119"},"modified":"2023-08-28T14:31:53","modified_gmt":"2023-08-28T09:01:53","slug":"saudi-iranian-normalisation-and-implications-for-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/saudi-iranian-normalisation-and-implications-for-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Saudi-Iranian normalisation and implications for India – Explained, pointwise"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n
For\u00a07PM Editorial<\/strong>\u00a0Archives click\u00a0HERE <\/a>\u2192<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Introduction<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Saudi<\/span> and<\/span> Iranian<\/span> officials<\/span> recently<\/span> agreed<\/span> to<\/span> revive<\/span> the<\/span> 2016<\/span> Saudi-Iran<\/span> peace<\/span> deal.<\/span> China-initiated<\/span> two-way<\/span> discussions<\/span> in<\/span> Beijing<\/span> resulted<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> Saudi-Iranian normalisation.<\/span> The<\/span> rivalry<\/span> between<\/span> these<\/span> two<\/span> countries<\/span> has<\/span> long<\/span> been<\/span> a<\/span> source<\/span> of<\/span> instability<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> region,<\/span> and<\/span> the<\/span> potential<\/span> normalisation<\/span> deal<\/span> has<\/span> been<\/span> a<\/span> topic<\/span> of<\/span> speculation<\/span> in<\/span> recent<\/span> years.<\/span><\/p>\n

Although<\/span> this<\/span> deal<\/span> could<\/span> be<\/span> complex<\/span> and<\/span> challenging<\/span> to<\/span> implement,<\/span> it<\/span> could<\/span> have<\/span> significant<\/span> implications<\/span> for<\/span> global stability<\/span> and<\/span> economic<\/span> growth, including India.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

What are the conflicts between Iran and Saudi Arabia?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

The<\/span> conflict<\/span> between<\/span> Iran<\/span> and<\/span> Saudi<\/span> Arabia<\/span> has<\/span> several<\/span> root<\/span> causes<\/span> and<\/span> has<\/span> been<\/span> ongoing<\/span> for<\/span> decades.<\/span> Some<\/span> of<\/span> them<\/span> are:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Religious <\/strong>differences<\/strong>:<\/span> Iran<\/span> is<\/span> a<\/span> predominantly<\/span> Shiite<\/span> Muslim<\/span> country,<\/span> while<\/span> Saudi<\/span> Arabia<\/span> is<\/span> predominantly<\/span> Sunni<\/span> Muslim.<\/span> The<\/span> two<\/span> sects<\/span> have<\/span> different<\/span> beliefs<\/span> and<\/span> practices,<\/span> and<\/span> this<\/span> has<\/span> led<\/span> to<\/span> tensions<\/span> and<\/span> conflicts<\/span> between<\/span> the<\/span> two<\/span> countries.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Political <\/strong>influence<\/strong>:<\/span> Both<\/span> Iran<\/span> and<\/span> Saudi<\/span> Arabia<\/span> are<\/span> major<\/span> powers<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> Middle<\/span> East<\/span> and<\/span> have<\/span> sought<\/span> to<\/span> increase<\/span> their<\/span> political<\/span> influence<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> region.<\/span> This<\/span> has<\/span> led<\/span> to<\/span> competition<\/span> and<\/span> conflicts<\/span> over<\/span> issues<\/span> such<\/span> as<\/span> control<\/span> of<\/span> oil<\/span> resources,<\/span> support<\/span> for<\/span> different<\/span> political<\/span> factions<\/span> and<\/span> proxy<\/span> wars<\/span> in<\/span> countries<\/span> like<\/span> Yemen,<\/span> Syria<\/span> and<\/span> Iraq.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ideological <\/strong>differences<\/strong>:<\/span> Iran<\/span> is<\/span> an<\/span> Islamic<\/span> republic<\/span> with<\/span> a<\/span> revolutionary<\/span> government,<\/span> while<\/span> Saudi<\/span> Arabia<\/span> is<\/span> an<\/span> absolute<\/span> monarchy<\/span> with<\/span> conservative<\/span> religious<\/span> values.<\/span> These<\/span> ideological<\/span> differences<\/span> have<\/span> contributed<\/span> to<\/span> tensions<\/span> between<\/span> the<\/span> two<\/span> countries.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Historical <\/strong>grievances<\/strong>:<\/span> Iran<\/span> and<\/span> Saudi<\/span> Arabia<\/span> have<\/span> a<\/span> long<\/span> history<\/span> of<\/span> animosity,<\/span> dating<\/span> back<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> early<\/span> days<\/span> of<\/span> Islam.<\/span> They<\/span> have<\/span> been<\/span> involved<\/span> in<\/span> conflicts<\/span> and<\/span> power<\/span> struggles<\/span> for<\/span> centuries.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Oil <\/strong>Prices<\/strong>:<\/span> Iran<\/span> and<\/span> Saudi<\/span> Arabia<\/span> are<\/span> both<\/span> major<\/span> oil<\/span> producers,<\/span> and<\/span> their<\/span> competition<\/span> for<\/span> market<\/span> share<\/span> has<\/span> led<\/span> to<\/span> disagreements<\/span> over<\/span> production<\/span> levels<\/span> and<\/span> prices.<\/span> This<\/span> has<\/span> further<\/span> strained<\/span> relations<\/span> between<\/span> the<\/span> two<\/span> countries,<\/span> particularly<\/span> as<\/span> oil<\/span> prices<\/span> have<\/span> fallen<\/span> in<\/span> recent<\/span> years.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The assassination of a famous Saudi journalist<\/strong>:<\/span> The<\/span> killing<\/span> of<\/span> a<\/span> Saudi<\/span> journalist<\/span> and<\/span> dissident<\/span> in<\/span> 2018<\/span>\u00a0was<\/span> allegedly<\/span> carried<\/span> out<\/span> by<\/span> Saudi<\/span> agents. This<\/span> has<\/span> further<\/span> soured<\/span> relations<\/span> between<\/span> the<\/span> two<\/span> countries.<\/span> Iran<\/span> has<\/span> condemned<\/span> the<\/span> killing<\/span> and<\/span> accused<\/span> Saudi<\/span> Arabia<\/span> of<\/span> human<\/span> rights<\/span> abuses.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

About the <\/span><\/b>Saudi-Iranian normalisation deal<\/span><\/b>\u202f<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
\"Saudi-Iran
Source: The Hindu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The key outcomes of the Saudi-Iran peace deal are, a)<\/strong> Both countries plan to reopen their embassies in Riyadh and Tehran, b)<\/strong> Both countries will respect the sovereignty of other countries and not get involved in each others business. For example, Saudi Arabia agreed to rein in Iran International, a satellite news channel. On the other hand, Iran has agreed to curb cross-border attacks on Saudi Arabia by Houthi rebels in Yemen, c)<\/strong> Agreed to implement a security cooperation agreement signed in 2001 and a general economic, trade, and investment agreement signed in 1998.<\/p>\n

Apart from these measures, both countries will also get together to work out the details of the peace deal.<\/p>\n

China<\/span><\/span> will organise<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> conference<\/span><\/span> between<\/span><\/span> Iran<\/span><\/span> and<\/span><\/span> the<\/span><\/span> six<\/span><\/span> Gulf<\/span><\/span> monarchies<\/span><\/span> to<\/span><\/span> help<\/span><\/span> maintain<\/span><\/span> peace<\/span><\/span> in<\/span><\/span> the<\/span><\/span> region<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

What are the various diplomatic challenges in implementing the Saudi-Iranian normalisation deal?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Reviving the Resolving regional <\/strong>tensions<\/strong>:<\/span> There<\/span> are<\/span> ongoing<\/span> rivalries<\/span> and<\/span> conflicts<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> region,<\/span> particularly<\/span> between<\/span> Saudi<\/span> Arabia<\/span> and<\/span> Iran,<\/span> that<\/span> require<\/span> diplomatic<\/span> efforts<\/span> to<\/span> manage<\/span> and<\/span> reduce<\/span> tensions.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Reviving the <\/strong>JCPOA<\/strong>:<\/span> The<\/span> Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action <\/a><\/strong>(JCPOA)<\/strong>,<\/span> a<\/span> nuclear<\/span> agreement<\/span> with<\/span> Iran,<\/span> needs<\/span> to<\/span> be<\/span> revived<\/span> and<\/span> renegotiated<\/span> to<\/span> ease<\/span> sanctions<\/span> and<\/span> address<\/span> concerns<\/span> about<\/span> Iran’s<\/span> nuclear<\/span> program.<\/span> However,<\/span> domestic<\/span> politics<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> US<\/span> and<\/span> Israel<\/span> could<\/span> pose<\/span> challenges<\/span> to<\/span> this<\/span> process.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Managing Israel’s <\/strong>aggressiveness<\/strong>:<\/span> Israel’s<\/span> actions<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> region,<\/span> particularly<\/span> its<\/span> hostility<\/span> towards<\/span> Iran,<\/span> need<\/span> to<\/span> be<\/span> managed<\/span> to<\/span> ensure<\/span> regional<\/span> stability.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Engaging with <\/strong>China<\/strong>:<\/span> China’s<\/span> growing<\/span> role<\/span> in<\/span> West<\/span> Asian<\/span> affairs<\/span> poses<\/span> challenges<\/span> for<\/span> Indian<\/span> diplomacy.<\/span> India<\/span> needs<\/span> to<\/span> engage<\/span> with<\/span> China<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> region<\/span> and<\/span> work<\/span> together<\/span> to<\/span> further<\/span> mutual<\/span> and<\/span> regional<\/span> interests<\/span> while<\/span> also<\/span> prioritizing<\/span> the<\/span> management<\/span> of<\/span> its<\/span> ties<\/span> with<\/span> China.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

What are the\u202f\u202fGlobal Implications of\u202f<\/span><\/b>Saudi-Iranian normalisation?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Some<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> potential<\/span> implications<\/span> of<\/span> Saudi-Iranian<\/span> normalisation<\/span> are:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Regional <\/strong>stability<\/strong>:<\/span> The<\/span> two<\/span> nations<\/span> are<\/span> involved<\/span> in<\/span> conflicts<\/span> in<\/span> Syria,<\/span> Yemen,<\/span> and<\/span> Iraq,<\/span> among<\/span> other<\/span> places.<\/span> Normalisation<\/span> could<\/span> lead<\/span> to<\/span> a<\/span> de-escalation<\/span> of<\/span> these<\/span> conflicts<\/span> and<\/span> a<\/span> reduction<\/span> in<\/span> regional<\/span> tensions.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Global energy <\/strong>markets<\/strong>:<\/span> Saudi<\/span> Arabia<\/span> and<\/span> Iran<\/span> are<\/span> two<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> world’s<\/span> largest<\/span> oil-producing<\/span> nations,<\/span> and<\/span> their<\/span> relationship<\/span> impacts<\/span> global<\/span> energy<\/span> markets.<\/span> Any<\/span> agreement<\/span> between<\/span> the<\/span> two<\/span> nations<\/span> could<\/span> affect<\/span> the<\/span> price<\/span> of<\/span> oil<\/span> and<\/span> gas<\/span> globally.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Religious <\/strong>divide<\/strong>:<\/span> The<\/span> Sunni-Shia<\/span> divide<\/span> has<\/span> been<\/span> a<\/span> source<\/span> of<\/span> tension<\/span> between<\/span> Saudi<\/span> Arabia<\/span> and<\/span> Iran,<\/span> and<\/span> it<\/span> has<\/span> fueled<\/span> conflicts<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> region.<\/span> The Saudi-Iran peace deal could<\/span> help<\/span> ease<\/span> this<\/span> divide<\/span> and<\/span> reduce<\/span> religious<\/span> tensions.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Relationship with U.S.<\/strong>:<\/span> Saudi<\/span> Arabia<\/span> and<\/span> Iran<\/span> have<\/span> different<\/span> relationships<\/span> with<\/span> the<\/span> United<\/span> States,<\/span> and<\/span> normalisation<\/span> could<\/span> affect<\/span> the<\/span> U.S.<\/span> policy<\/span> towards<\/span> the<\/span> region. <\/span>For<\/span> example, The<\/span> US,<\/span> which<\/span> traditionally<\/span> held<\/span> significant<\/span> power<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> region,<\/span> has<\/span> deprioritised<\/span> West<\/span> Asia<\/span> due<\/span> to<\/span> bigger<\/span> foreign<\/span> policy<\/span> challenges<\/span> such<\/span> as<\/span> Russia<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> war<\/span> in<\/span> Ukraine<\/span> and<\/span> China\u2019s<\/span> rise<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> Indo-Pacific.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Geopolitical <\/strong>balance<\/strong>:<\/span> Saudi<\/span> Arabia<\/span> and<\/span> Iran<\/span> are<\/span> two<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> most<\/span> influential<\/span> countries<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> Middle<\/span> East,<\/span> and<\/span> their<\/span> normalisation<\/span> could<\/span> shift<\/span> the<\/span> balance<\/span> of<\/span> power<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> region.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

China “quasi-mediation <\/strong>diplomacy”<\/strong>:<\/span> China<\/span> has<\/span> signaled<\/span> a<\/span> shift<\/span> in<\/span> its<\/span> approach<\/span> towards<\/span> the<\/span> Middle<\/span> East. It is<\/span>\u00a0moving<\/span> away<\/span> from<\/span> hard<\/span> security<\/span> concerns<\/span> towards<\/span> “quasi-mediation<\/span> diplomacy”.<\/span> The strategy aims<\/span> to<\/span> promote<\/span> China’s commercial,<\/span> diplomatic<\/span> and<\/span> political<\/span> interests. The<\/span> recent<\/span> Saudi-Iran<\/span> accord<\/span> is<\/span> the<\/span> first<\/span> manifestation<\/span> of<\/span> this<\/span> approach,<\/span> reducing<\/span> regional<\/span> tensions<\/span> and<\/span> paving<\/span> the<\/span> way<\/span> for<\/span> further<\/span> dialogue.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Good for Afghanistan<\/strong>:<\/span> The<\/span> successful<\/span> completion<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> Chabahar-Helmand-Kabul-Termiz<\/span> railway<\/span> line<\/span> will<\/span> open<\/span> the<\/span> vast<\/span> and<\/span> resource-rich<\/span> Central<\/span> Asian<\/span> region<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> Global<\/span> South.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

What are the Implications of Saudi-Iranian normalisation for India?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Energy <\/strong>security<\/strong>:<\/span> India<\/span> is<\/span> one<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> biggest<\/span> oil<\/span> consumers<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> world.<\/span> Most<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> oil<\/span> imports<\/span> come<\/span> from<\/span> the<\/span> Middle<\/span> East,<\/span> especially<\/span> Saudi<\/span> Arabia<\/span> and<\/span> Iran.<\/span> The Saudi-Iran peace deal could<\/span> help<\/span> reduce<\/span> tensions<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> region<\/span> and<\/span> could<\/span> lead<\/span> to<\/span> a<\/span> more<\/span> stable<\/span> oil<\/span> market. This will <\/span>be<\/span> good<\/span> for<\/span> India’s<\/span> energy<\/span> security.<\/span><\/p>\n

Apart<\/span> from<\/span> this,<\/span> discussions<\/span> for<\/span> the<\/span> transportation<\/span> of<\/span> Iranian<\/span> gas<\/span> to<\/span> India<\/span> and<\/span> Turkmen<\/span> gas<\/span> to<\/span> Afghanistan,<\/span> Pakistan,<\/span> India,<\/span> and<\/span> Bangladesh<\/span> could<\/span> be<\/span> restarted.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Trade and <\/strong>Investment<\/strong>:<\/span> Improved<\/span> relations<\/span> between<\/span> Saudi<\/span> Arabia<\/span> and<\/span> Iran<\/span> could<\/span> lead<\/span> to<\/span> increased<\/span> trade<\/span> and<\/span> investment<\/span> opportunities<\/span> for<\/span> India,<\/span> as<\/span> both<\/span> countries<\/span> are<\/span> important<\/span> trading<\/span> partners<\/span> for<\/span> India.<\/span> This<\/span> could<\/span> result<\/span> in<\/span> greater<\/span> economic<\/span> growth<\/span> and<\/span> job<\/span> creation<\/span> in<\/span> India.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Regional <\/strong>stability<\/strong>:<\/span> The<\/span> normalisation<\/span> of<\/span> relations<\/span> between<\/span> these<\/span> two<\/span> countries<\/span> could<\/span> lead<\/span> to<\/span> a<\/span> reduction<\/span> in<\/span> tensions<\/span> and<\/span> potentially<\/span> help<\/span> resolve<\/span> some<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> conflicts<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> region. This <\/span>would<\/span> be<\/span> beneficial<\/span> for<\/span> India<\/span> as<\/span> it<\/span> has<\/span> a<\/span> significant<\/span> interest<\/span> in<\/span> maintaining<\/span> regional<\/span> stability. For<\/span> example,<\/span> India<\/span> support<\/span> for<\/span> International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC<\/a><\/strong>)<\/strong>,<\/span> and<\/span> Iran<\/span> is<\/span> also<\/span> part<\/span> of<\/span> India\u2019s<\/span> extended<\/span> neighbourhood.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Geopolitics<\/strong>:<\/span> India<\/span> has<\/span> good<\/span> relations<\/span> with<\/span> both<\/span> Saudi<\/span> Arabia<\/span> and<\/span> Iran<\/span> and<\/span> has<\/span> been<\/span> trying<\/span> to<\/span> maintain<\/span> a<\/span> balance<\/span> between<\/span> the<\/span> two<\/span> countries.<\/span> The<\/span> normalisation<\/span> of<\/span> relations<\/span> between<\/span> Saudi<\/span> Arabia<\/span> and<\/span> Iran<\/span> could<\/span> change<\/span> the<\/span> dynamics<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> region,<\/span> and<\/span> India<\/span> will<\/span> need<\/span> to<\/span> navigate<\/span> the<\/span> new<\/span> realities<\/span> to<\/span> maintain<\/span> its<\/span> interests<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> region.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

China <\/strong>angle<\/strong>:<\/span> India<\/span> may<\/span> face<\/span> difficulties<\/span> as<\/span> a<\/span> result<\/span> of<\/span> China’s<\/span> efforts<\/span> to<\/span> mediate<\/span> tensions<\/span> between<\/span> Iran<\/span> and<\/span> Saudi<\/span> Arabia.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

What can be done to fully reap the benefits of the Saudi-Iran peace deal?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Confidence-building <\/strong>measures(CBM)<\/strong>:<\/span> Both<\/span> countries<\/span> could<\/span> take<\/span> steps<\/span> to<\/span> build<\/span> confidence<\/span> and<\/span> demonstrate<\/span> their<\/span> commitment<\/span> to<\/span> reducing<\/span> tensions.<\/span> This<\/span> could<\/span> include<\/span> diplomatic<\/span> gestures,<\/span> such<\/span> as<\/span> opening<\/span> embassies<\/span> or<\/span> exchanging<\/span> visits<\/span> between<\/span> officials,<\/span> as<\/span> well<\/span> as<\/span> practical<\/span> steps,<\/span> such<\/span> as<\/span> reducing<\/span> military<\/span> deployments<\/span> or<\/span> easing<\/span> economic<\/span> sanctions.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Diplomatic <\/strong>negotiations<\/strong>:<\/span> After CBM,<\/span> both<\/span> could<\/span> engage<\/span> in<\/span> formal<\/span> negotiations<\/span> to<\/span> work<\/span> out<\/span> the<\/span> details<\/span> of<\/span> a<\/span> potential<\/span> normalisation<\/span> deal.<\/span> This<\/span> could<\/span> involve<\/span> mediation<\/span> from<\/span> third-party<\/span> countries<\/span> or<\/span> international<\/span> organizations<\/span> to<\/span> help<\/span> bridge<\/span> the<\/span> gap<\/span> between<\/span> the<\/span> two<\/span> sides.<\/span><\/p>\n

For<\/span> example,<\/span> India<\/span> can<\/span> play<\/span> a<\/span> constructive<\/span> role<\/span> in<\/span> promoting<\/span> dialogue<\/span> and<\/span> cooperation<\/span> between<\/span> these<\/span> two<\/span> countries,<\/span> which<\/span> can<\/span> help<\/span> in<\/span> achieving<\/span> regional<\/span> stability.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Addressing sensitive <\/strong>issues<\/strong>:<\/span> A<\/span> normalisation<\/span> deal<\/span> between<\/span> Saudi<\/span> Arabia<\/span> and<\/span> Iran<\/span> would<\/span> likely<\/span> require<\/span> both<\/span> sides<\/span> to<\/span> address<\/span> sensitive<\/span> issues,<\/span> such<\/span> as<\/span> regional<\/span> security<\/span> arrangements<\/span> and<\/span> Iran’s<\/span> nuclear<\/span> program.<\/span> These<\/span> issues<\/span> would<\/span> need<\/span> to<\/span> be<\/span> tackled<\/span> in<\/span> a<\/span> way<\/span> that<\/span> addresses<\/span> the<\/span> concerns<\/span> of<\/span> both<\/span> sides<\/span> and<\/span> promotes<\/span> mutual<\/span> trust<\/span> and<\/span> cooperation.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Building public <\/strong>support<\/strong>:<\/span> A<\/span> normalisation<\/span> deal<\/span> between<\/span> Saudi<\/span> Arabia<\/span> and<\/span> Iran<\/span> would<\/span> need<\/span> to<\/span> be<\/span> supported<\/span> by<\/span> both<\/span> societies,<\/span> as<\/span> well<\/span> as<\/span> by<\/span> the<\/span> broader<\/span> international<\/span> community.<\/span> Therefore,<\/span> efforts<\/span> to<\/span> build<\/span> public<\/span> support<\/span> and<\/span> engage<\/span> civil<\/span> society<\/span> actors<\/span> would<\/span> be<\/span> critical<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> success<\/span> of<\/span> any<\/span> potential<\/span> deal.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

India<\/span> will<\/span> need<\/span> to<\/span> carefully<\/span> monitor<\/span> the<\/span> situation<\/span> and<\/span> adapt<\/span> its<\/span> policies<\/span> accordingly<\/span> to<\/span> maintain<\/span> its<\/span> interests<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> region.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Syllabus<\/strong>: GS 2 – International Relations – Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India\u2019s interests.<\/p>\n

\n
Sources<\/strong>: Aljazeera<\/a>,\u00a0MEPC<\/a>,\u00a0The Hindu<\/span><\/span><\/a>,\u00a0Indian Express<\/span><\/span><\/a>, and\u00a0<\/span>Eurasian Times<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

For\u00a07PM Editorial\u00a0Archives click\u00a0HERE \u2192 Introduction\u00a0 Saudi and Iranian officials recently agreed to revive the 2016 Saudi-Iran peace deal. China-initiated two-way discussions in Beijing resulted in the Saudi-Iranian normalisation. The rivalry between these two countries has long been a source of instability in the region, and the potential normalisation deal has been a topic of speculation… Continue reading Saudi-Iranian normalisation and implications for India – Explained, pointwise<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10311,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[130,9],"tags":[212,239,238],"class_list":["post-231119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-7-pm","category-public","tag-gs-paper-2","tag-international-relations","tag-ir","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/231119","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10311"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=231119"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/231119\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=231119"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=231119"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=231119"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}