{"id":235460,"date":"2023-03-31T20:19:31","date_gmt":"2023-03-31T14:49:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=235460"},"modified":"2023-04-02T17:52:04","modified_gmt":"2023-04-02T12:22:04","slug":"women-not-in-job-market-its-a-myth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/women-not-in-job-market-its-a-myth\/","title":{"rendered":"Women Not In Job Market? It\u2019s A Myth"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Source<\/strong>: The post is based on the article\u00a0\u201cWomen Not In Job Market? It\u2019s A Myth<\/strong>\u201d published in The Times of India <\/strong>on\u00a031st<\/sup> March 2023<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Syllabus: <\/strong>GS 3 \u2013 Economic development: Indian Economy and issues relating to growth, development and employment.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Relevance: <\/strong>Abut female labour force participation rate<\/strong><\/p>\n

News<\/strong>: The Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS)<\/strong><\/a> often in its various reports has shown low female labour force participation rate (FLFPR) in India. However, this might not be true.<\/p>\n

Why is low female labour force participation rate (FLFPR) shown in India?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

FLFPR is shown low despite the fact that 15% of pilots in India are women which is the highest in the world<\/strong>. And, as per the World Bank<\/strong>, 42.7% of women in India were STEM graduates in 2018.<\/p>\n

The low FLFPR as per the PLFS is because India fails the \u201csmell test\u201d or the \u201cduck test\u201d<\/strong>. This implies that the actual FLFPR is higher from what is shown.<\/p>\n

Further, NSSO data for 2004\/05 showed FLFPR to be 35% but in 2011\/12 this figure dropped to 26.1%<\/p>\n

The reason behind the decline in FLFPR is because of the changed definition of the ILO from 2011. <\/strong><\/p>\n

The changed ILO definitions says that production towards home consumption (e.g., care-taking of cattle for milk consumed at home) would no longer be counted as \u201cwork for pay or profit\u201d. This dropped millions of women from FLFPR.<\/p>\n

Note: Duck test refers to identification of something by its habitual characteristics. <\/em><\/p>\n

Must Read: <\/strong>PLFS findings on FLFPR: More women in the labour force must not lead us to complacency<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

How can there be an increase in the FLFPR?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

FLPR can be increased by the enrolment of women in India at all levels of education.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The new generation (between 25 and 30 years) will cause the FLFPR to increase because higher education leads to greater work participation.<\/p>\n

Further, Indian women have a fertility rate less than the replacement rate of 2.1 and dropping<\/strong>. And attitudes around the world (and in India) towards childcare are changing.<\/p>\n

Therefore, having babies is no longer a constraint towards FLFPR.<\/p>\n

What is the way ahead?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

First,<\/strong> there has been an increase in female enrolment in higher education<\/strong>, i.e., from two-fifths of male enrolment in 1983 to now 83%. The ratio is 95% in the dominant enrolment age group of 15-22 years.<\/p>\n

Second,<\/strong> labour force participation rates for women are now equal to, or higher, than the level observed in 2011 (if no change in ILO definition is considered).<\/p>\n

Third,<\/strong> adjusted weekly LFPR status for all women is now at 38.7%,<\/strong> which is two percentage points above 2011.<\/p>\n

Therefore, the issue of low FLFPR given by the PLFS in its various reports should not be considered as a matter of concern.<\/p>\n

The growing enrollment with increasing FLFPR must be acknowledged by the policy makers and international organizations.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Source: Times of India<\/em><\/p>\n

Note: <\/em>Three different definitions of LFPR are \u2013 weekly status, long-term employment (usual status), and weekly LFPR adjusted for education (i.e., one is considered \u201cin work force\u201d if attending school). <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Source: The post is based on the article\u00a0\u201cWomen Not In Job Market? It\u2019s A Myth\u201d published in The Times of India on\u00a031st March 2023. Syllabus: GS 3 \u2013 Economic development: Indian Economy and issues relating to growth, development and employment. Relevance: Abut female labour force participation rate News: The Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) often… Continue reading Women Not In Job Market? It\u2019s A Myth<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10320,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1230,9],"tags":[6259,11350,216,10496],"class_list":["post-235460","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-9-pm-daily-articles","category-public","tag-women-in-workforce","tag-female-labour-force-participation","tag-gs-paper-3","tag-times-of-india","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/235460","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10320"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=235460"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/235460\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=235460"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=235460"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=235460"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}