{"id":237159,"date":"2023-04-10T20:51:38","date_gmt":"2023-04-10T15:21:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=237159"},"modified":"2023-04-11T12:31:12","modified_gmt":"2023-04-11T07:01:12","slug":"awaiting-lift-off-into-the-second-space-age","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/awaiting-lift-off-into-the-second-space-age\/","title":{"rendered":"Awaiting lift-off into the Second Space Age"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Source-<\/strong> The post is based on the article \u201cAwaiting lift-off into the Second Space Age\u201d<\/strong> published in \u201cThe Hindu\u201d<\/strong> on 10th April 2023.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Syllabus: <\/strong>GS3- Awareness in the field of space<\/p>\n

News<\/strong>– The article exp-lains the changing nature of the space sector.<\/p>\n

What are some facts about the first space age?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The Space Age began in 1957 with the launch of satellite Sputnik 1<\/strong>. In 1961, cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the world\u2019s first person in space.<\/p>\n

The period was dominated by the Cold War<\/strong>. Between the 1950s to 1991, 60 to 120 space launches took place annually and 93% of these<\/strong> were by the United States and the erstwhile USSR governments.<\/p>\n

What have been the important developments in the space sector in India?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

India made a modest entry into the First Space Age<\/strong> in the 1960s. The first sounding rocket was launched at Thumba in 1963.<\/p>\n

In 1969, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) <\/strong>was set up. It has over 15,000 employees and an annual budget between \u20b912,000 crore-\u20b914,000 crore<\/strong> in recent years.<\/p>\n

Its first major project was the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE)<\/strong>. It involved leasing a U.S. satellite in 1975-76 for educational outreach.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Satellite technology was a new mass communication tool<\/strong>. This led to the INSAT series in the 1980s, followed by GSAT<\/strong>. It provided the backbone for the country\u2019s tele-communication and broadcasting infrastructure.<\/strong><\/p>\n

This was followed by remote sensing capability development.<\/strong> It includes the use of space-based imagery for weather forecasting, resource mapping of forests, analysing agricultural yields, groundwater and watersheds, fisheries and urban management. <\/strong><\/p>\n

There is now focus on Oceansat and Cartosat series<\/strong>. The field of satellite-aided navigation <\/strong>emerged later. It began with GAGAN, a joint project between ISRO and the Airports Authority of India. <\/strong><\/p>\n

GAGAN aim is to augment Global Positioning System coverage<\/strong> of the region, to improve air traffic management over Indian airspace. This has now been expanded to a regional navigation satellite system called Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

In parallel came the development of satellite launch capabilities<\/strong>. Beginning with the SLV-1 in the 1980s. ISRO has developed the PSLV series that has become its workhorse with over 50 successful launches.<\/p>\n

What are various facts about the second space age?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The origins of the Second Space Age can be traced to the Internet. <\/strong><\/p>\n

The last 15 years witnessed another transformation. The mobile telephony,<\/strong> followed by smartphones has led to drastic changes. Broadband, OTT and now 5G<\/strong> promise a double-digit annual growth in demand for satellite-based services.<\/p>\n

It is dominated by the private sector<\/strong>. In terms of the end-user revenue, only a fifth is generated by the government. The growing role of the private sector is also evident in the numbers and ownership of satellites<\/strong>. According to the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs<\/strong>, there are 8,261 satellites in orbit, of which nearly 5,000 are active.<\/p>\n

Till 2010, about 60 to 100 satellites were launched annually. In 2020, 1283 satellites were launched. Today, Starlink<\/strong> operates a constellation of over 3,500 satellites <\/strong>and has a million paying customers.<\/p>\n

Jeff Bezos of Amazon has launched Project Kuipe<\/strong>r to bring low-latency broadband connectivity <\/strong>around the globe.<\/p>\n

The Indian private sector is responding to the demands of the Second Space Age. From less than a dozen space start-ups five years ago, there are over 100 today.<\/p>\n

The pace of investment <\/strong>is growing. From $3 million in 2018, it doubled in 2019 and crossed $65 million in 2021.<\/p>\n

What are various achievements of ISRO in terms of satellites?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Today, ISRO manages four to five launches annually. It manages 53 operational satellites <\/strong>\u2013 21 for communication, 21 for earth observation, eight for navigation and the remaining as scientific experimental satellites.<\/p>\n

ISRO has missions such as Chandrayaan, Mangalyaan and Gaganyaan<\/strong>. ISRO has always been an open organisation that has worked closely with the Indian private sector.<\/p>\n

ISRO today is the operator, user, service provider, licensor, rule maker and also an incubator.<\/strong><\/p>\n

What is the government response to changes in the space sector?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

In 2017, the government introduced the first draft Space Activities Bill<\/strong> in Parliament but it lapsed in 2019.<\/p>\n

There has been talk of commercialising the PSLV and SSLV launch services<\/strong> and NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) <\/strong>was set up to replace Antrix.<\/p>\n

The Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe<\/strong>) was set up in 2020 as a single-window-clearance for the private sector. An Indian Space Association (ISpA) <\/strong>was created as an industry association.<\/p>\n

In recent years, a series of policy papers<\/strong> have been circulated for discussion. It includes telecom policy, an earth observation policy and a foreign direct investment policy. <\/strong><\/p>\n

What is the way forward for the space sector in India?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The start-ups in the space sector are different. Their revenue stream depends on space-related activities<\/strong>. They need a different relationship with ISRO and the government. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Now, there is a need for legislation<\/strong> for the space sector. It will help to set up a regulatory authority and create an enabling environment<\/strong> for raising venture capital funding into the Indian space start-up industry.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Source- The post is based on the article \u201cAwaiting lift-off into the Second Space Age\u201d published in \u201cThe Hindu\u201d on 10th April 2023. Syllabus: GS3- Awareness in the field of space News– The article exp-lains the changing nature of the space sector. What are some facts about the first space age? The Space Age began… Continue reading Awaiting lift-off into the Second Space Age<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10320,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1230,9],"tags":[216,11401,10498],"class_list":["post-237159","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-9-pm-daily-articles","category-public","tag-gs-paper-3","tag-second-space-age","tag-the-hindu","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237159","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10320"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=237159"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237159\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=237159"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=237159"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=237159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}