{"id":249452,"date":"2023-06-24T20:11:47","date_gmt":"2023-06-24T14:41:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=249452"},"modified":"2023-08-31T16:28:20","modified_gmt":"2023-08-31T10:58:20","slug":"the-uproar-over-the-new-cop28-president-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/the-uproar-over-the-new-cop28-president-2\/","title":{"rendered":"The uproar over the new COP28 President"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Source<\/strong>– The post is based on the article \u201cCredit for India-US bonhomie goes to Xi Jinping\u201d <\/strong>published in \u201cThe Indian Express\u201d <\/strong>and the article \u201cSoft or hard power?\u201d<\/strong> published in \u201cBusiness Standard\u201d <\/strong>on 24th June 2023<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Syllabus: <\/strong>GS3- Bilateral groupings and agreements<\/p>\n

Relevance<\/strong>– India and US bilateral relationship<\/p>\n

News- <\/strong>The article explains the importance of India and US bilateral relationship for Asian geopolitics. It also explains the importance of hard power in strengthening the bilateral relationship.<\/p>\n

How is evolving India and US relations important in the context of Asian geopolitics?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

This new moment in bilateral relations is important for the evolution of Asian geopolitics<\/strong>. The new India-US defence partnership<\/strong><\/a> can ensure that Asia is not vulnerable to domination by any one power.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The India-US defence compact<\/strong> is not an effort to contain Beijing.<\/strong> China is too large and powerful to contain. <\/strong><\/p>\n

It is an attempt to build a multipolar Asia<\/strong> with sufficient deterrent capabilities<\/strong> and ensure respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity <\/strong>of all states in the region.<\/p>\n

Both Delhi<\/a> and Washington want productive relations <\/strong>with China. India’s engagement with China,\u00a0 to restore peace and tranquillity on the disputed border reflects that approach. The US is re-engaging China<\/strong> so that current tensions do not escalate into a shooting war.<\/p>\n

The outlines of a more expansive defence cooperation <\/strong>unveiled by the two leaders shows the convergence of their geopolitical and geo-economic interests in Asia.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The US support for the modernisation of India\u2019s defence industrial base<\/strong> is part of the effort to strengthen India\u2019s military capabilities <\/strong>and enhance its deterrence against China.<\/strong><\/p>\n

What were the India-US differences over Asian order during the cold war and efforts to deal with these differences?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

This inability of Delhi and Washington to build a productive relationship<\/strong> in the past was rooted in a profound disagreement on the preferred geopolitical order in Asia.<\/p>\n

The divergence included the assessment of Soviet Russia and Communist China, Washington\u2019s Cold War alliances, and the US tilt to Pakistan<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

There were occasional moments after the Chinese attack on India, and more recently in the early 2000s, to explore a common agenda for Asia.<\/p>\n

The formation of the Quadrilateral Forum in 2007 and the emergence of the Indo-Pacific construct provided a basis for serious India-US strategic collaboration in Asia.<\/p>\n

How has China always concerned about the strong bilateral relationship between India and the US?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Chinese concern about India-US strategic cooperation<\/strong> was evident in Beijing\u2019s intense opposition to the Bush-Manmohan Singh<\/a> civil nuclear initiative <\/strong>and its continued blocking of India\u2019s membership of the Nuclear Suppliers Group.<\/strong><\/p>\n

China did not have to work too hard to keep Delhi and Washington separate. India\u2019s own reluctance<\/strong> to develop strong defence cooperation<\/strong> with Washington, in the name of \u201cnon-alignment\u201d<\/strong> helped China.<\/p>\n

Keeping distance from the US, or \u201cstrategic autonomy\u201d<\/strong> was defined as a first principle of India\u2019s foreign policy<\/strong>. It left China free to build a relationship with the US on its own terms.<\/p>\n

Beijing has become the greatest champion of India\u2019s \u201cstrategic autonomy\u201d<\/strong>. The Chinese commentariat praises Delhi\u2019s independent foreign policy.<\/strong><\/p>\n

What are the push factors behind the increasing closeness between India and the US?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The credit for moving India and the US closer than ever before goes to the assertive policies of Xi Jinping. <\/strong><\/p>\n

The crises of Doklam (2017) and Galwan (2020)<\/strong> persuaded India to boost its deterrence against China<\/strong> as the principal strategic objective<\/strong>. This led Delhi to seek stronger strategic partnerships<\/strong> with the US and its allies.<\/p>\n

Washington too has changed in the interim. In the last two years, Washington has moved away from an Asia policy<\/strong> framed around the bilateral relationship with Beijing. <\/strong><\/p>\n

The US has revitalised its traditional alliances <\/strong>with Japan, South Korea, the Philippines and Australia, created new coalitions like the AUKUS<\/strong>, and upgraded the Quad forum<\/strong> to the summit level.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Underlying this is a new US strategy to build a more balanced Asia<\/strong>. That suits Delhi. It is not seeking an alliance <\/strong>with the US but a partnership<\/strong> that will elevate India\u2019s capabilities<\/strong> and help contribute to a stable Asian architecture. <\/strong><\/p>\n

How can the logic of hard power explain the bilateral relationship?<\/strong><\/p>\n

It has India\u2019s growing military and economic clout, and the potential of the market<\/strong>. The aircraft ordered by IndiGo and Air India are only one manifestation of this.<\/p>\n

India\u2019s is the world\u2019s fifth-largest economy<\/strong> and likely to become the third-largest <\/strong>before too long.<\/p>\n

The Indian economy is only 15% of the US\u2019 in size<\/strong>, but its contribution to\u00a0 world growth is 60%<\/strong> of the US\u2019 because it is growing four times as fast this year.<\/p>\n

India\u2019s military<\/strong> too matters, especially in the Indian Ocean<\/strong>. Here, it can counter China\u2019s\u00a0 expanding navy<\/strong> aided by the surveillance and attack capabilities<\/strong> of a dozen American Poseidon aircraft and the 31 Sea Guardian drones<\/strong> being ordered.<\/p>\n

India\u2019s defence budget<\/strong> is the world\u2019s fourth-largest<\/strong>, and it is the world\u2019s biggest defence importer. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Many Western companies see a brighter future like General Electric, which, with HAL, will make engines in India for the Tejas, Mark 2. India can therefore afford to be more assertive in its foreign policy.<\/strong><\/p>\n

On the other side of the equation, the US economy has comfortably outpaced the European Union <\/strong>in the last decade-plus and is now 25% bigger. <\/strong><\/p>\n

It is uniquely positioned as the home of the major tech companies<\/strong>. It is the source of vital technology and capital<\/strong>, and with a critical role when negotiating multilateral issues like trade and climate change. <\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Source– The post is based on the article \u201cCredit for India-US bonhomie goes to Xi Jinping\u201d published in \u201cThe Indian Express\u201d and the article \u201cSoft or hard power?\u201d published in \u201cBusiness Standard\u201d on 24th June 2023. Syllabus: GS3- Bilateral groupings and agreements Relevance– India and US bilateral relationship News- The article explains the importance of… Continue reading The uproar over the new COP28 President<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10320,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1230,9],"tags":[10503,59,216],"class_list":["post-249452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-9-pm-daily-articles","category-public","tag-business-standard","tag-environment","tag-gs-paper-3","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704772421},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249452","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10320"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=249452"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249452\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=249452"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=249452"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=249452"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}