{"id":249923,"date":"2023-06-28T20:23:38","date_gmt":"2023-06-28T14:53:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=249923"},"modified":"2023-08-31T15:37:17","modified_gmt":"2023-08-31T10:07:17","slug":"tracing-the-arc-of-american-exception-ism-for-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/tracing-the-arc-of-american-exception-ism-for-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Tracing the arc of American \u2018exception-ism\u2019 for India"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Source<\/strong>– The post is based on the article \u201cA lifeline for Indian science\u201d <\/strong>published in the \u201cThe Hindu\u201d <\/strong>on 28th June 2023<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Syllabus:<\/strong> GS 2- Bilateral groupings and agreements<\/p>\n

Relevance-<\/strong> India and US bilateral relationship<\/p>\n

News-<\/strong> The article explains the recent improvement in Indo-US relationship and exceptions made by the US for India to forge a closer partnership.<\/p>\n

What is the trajectory of the Indo-US relationship in the recent past?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The growth of the relationship between India and the United States started 25 years ago, when the U.S. imposed sanctions<\/strong> against India for nuclear weapons in May 1998.<\/p>\n

Since then, the relationship between India and America has grown year-on-year.<\/p>\n

It was built by five American Presidents<\/strong> (Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, Donald Trump, Joe Biden) and three Indian Prime Ministers <\/strong>(Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Manmohan Singh, Narendra Modi) over the first two decades of the 21st century.<\/p>\n

The Clinton-Vajpayee-era<\/strong> gave impetus to summit-level diplomacy<\/strong> in the relationship. The Manmohan-Bush and Manmohan-Obama relationship<\/strong> highlighted nuclear diplomacy<\/strong>. Modi-Obama and Modi-Trump<\/strong> worked on trade and military diplomacy.<\/strong><\/p>\n

During Modi’s recent state visit to Washington, the two nations forged ahead with technology diplomacy.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Which are the exceptions made by the US specifically for India in the first quarter of this century?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Civil nuclear deal<\/strong>– In 1998, Mr. Clinton signed a waiver to the sanctions on both India and Pakistan.<\/p>\n

The Bush administration pushed for civil nuclear exemptions<\/strong>. It resulted in the India-U.S. Joint Statement in 2005, a waiver under the Non-Proliferation Act, the Henry Hyde Act and the 123 Agreement with India. <\/strong><\/p>\n

The Obama visit to Delhi in 2010 announced another set of exceptions for India on export controls and high technology trade and transfers<\/strong> under the U.S. Export Administration Regulations (EAR) and International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR).<\/strong><\/p>\n

These exceptions were made even though India never joined the NPT Treaty regime<\/strong> and nor signed the CTBT<\/strong>. These were also \u201cIndia-specific\u201d waivers <\/strong>not available to other non-NPT countries<\/strong> such as Pakistan.<\/p>\n

Russian angle<\/strong>– After CAATSA of 2017, t<\/strong>he Trump administration avoided sanctioning India for the Russian S-400 missile system<\/strong>, but sanctioned Turkey and China<\/strong> for the same purchases.<\/p>\n

In the wake of the Russian war in Ukraine, the U.S. did not apply secondary sanctions<\/strong> against India for its considerable oil imports or defence engagement<\/strong> from Russia. This is indeed an exception.<\/p>\n

Religious freedom<\/strong>– Finally, the U.S. has accorded International Religious Freedom Act exemptions<\/strong> to India for the past four years.<\/p>\n

The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom <\/strong>has made repeated recommendations to place India on a list of \u201cCountries of Particular Concern\u201d<\/strong>. But the State Department has not complied.<\/p>\n

Why has the U.S. institutionalised such a broad-based waiver policy for India over two-and-a-half decades? <\/strong><\/h2>\n

The first reason is the promise of ties <\/strong>with India. It is the world\u2019s most populous nation<\/strong>, inclusive, pluralistic democracy<\/strong> for most of its history with a record in non-proliferation.<\/p>\n

Second, there is India\u2019s attractiveness as an economic market and a military buye<\/strong>r.<\/p>\n

Third, is India’s boundary problems from Beijing<\/strong>. India can be a more dependable partner<\/strong> than European allies in providing a counter to China.<\/p>\n

Fourth, is the Indian American diaspora<\/strong>. It has distinguished itself as a professional, prosperous and unproblematic community<\/strong>. It is the biggest votary <\/strong>of better India-U.S. ties.<\/strong><\/p>\n

What are the biggest challenges in this relationship?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The exceptions made for India can be reversed at any time<\/strong>. Former close partners of the U.S., such as Pakistan, Egypt, Turkey, Saudi Arabia have experienced the same.<\/p>\n

The geopolitical context of ties<\/strong>, driven by a desire to counter China<\/strong>, or rein in Russia<\/strong> is also an American construct<\/strong>. It is not followed by India.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Source– The post is based on the article \u201cA lifeline for Indian science\u201d published in the \u201cThe Hindu\u201d on 28th June 2023. Syllabus: GS 2- Bilateral groupings and agreements Relevance- India and US bilateral relationship News- The article explains the recent improvement in Indo-US relationship and exceptions made by the US for India to forge… Continue reading Tracing the arc of American \u2018exception-ism\u2019 for India<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10320,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1230,9],"tags":[212,239,238,10498],"class_list":["post-249923","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-9-pm-daily-articles","category-public","tag-gs-paper-2","tag-international-relations","tag-ir","tag-the-hindu","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249923","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10320"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=249923"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249923\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=249923"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=249923"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=249923"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}