{"id":26096,"date":"2018-09-29T15:13:18","date_gmt":"2018-09-29T09:43:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=26096"},"modified":"2018-09-29T15:13:18","modified_gmt":"2018-09-29T09:43:18","slug":"answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-september-28-2018","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-september-28-2018\/","title":{"rendered":"Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 September 28, 2018"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/mains-marathon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Archives<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><b>Q.1) Describe \u00a0the significance of 73rd Amendment Act in the Constitution of India. Discuss the extension of this amendment to Schedule Areas.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Answer:\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Panchayati Raj or the system of rural local self-government was constitutionalised through the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992. It has been established to build democracy at the grass root level. It is entrusted with the task of rural development.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Significance:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The act has given a practical shape to Article 40 of the Constitution which recommends the State to take steps to organise village panchayats.<\/li>\n<li>The act gives a constitutional status to the panchayati raj institutions. It has brought them under the purview of the justiciable part of the Constitution<\/li>\n<li>Neither the formation of panchayats nor the holding of elections at regular intervals depend on the will of the state government any more.<br \/>\n<i style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It transfers the representative democracy into participatory democracy. It is a revolutionary concept to build democracy at the grassroot level in the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>Extension to scheduled areas:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The provisions of the constitution relating to Panchayats are not applicable to the Fifth Schedule areas. Parliament may extend these provisions to these areas subject to exceptions and modifications. Parliament has enacted the Provisions of Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996, popularly known as the PESA Act. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The significant features of PESA Act are as follows:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A state legislation on the Panchayats in the Scheduled Areas shall be in consonance with the customary law, social and religious practices and traditional management practices of community resources.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every village shall have a Gram Sabha consisting of persons whose names are included in the electoral rolls for the Panchayat at the village level.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every Gram Sabha shall be competent to safeguard and preserve the traditions and customs of the people, their cultural identity, community resources and the customary mode of dispute resolution.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every Gram Sabha shall\u2014<\/span>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">approve of the plans, programmes and projects for social and economic development before they are taken up for implementation by the Panchayat at the village level; and<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">be responsible for the identification of beneficiaries under the poverty alleviation and other programmes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every Panchayat at the village level shall be required to obtain from the Gram Sabha a certification of utilisation of funds for the above plans, programmes and projects.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Gram Sabha or the Panchayats at the appropriate level shall be consulted before making the acquisition of land in the Scheduled Areas for development projects.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The prior recommendation of the Gram Sabha or the Panchayats at the appropriate level shall be mandatory for grant of concession for the exploitation of minor minerals by auction.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>Q.2) \u00a0Rajya Sabha is often mentioned as \u2018Secondary Chamber\u2019 of the legislature. Comment. Also mention \u00a0the powers of Rajya Sabha where it stands equal with Lok Sabha.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Answer:\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rajya Sabha is formed as the second chamber of legislature. This idea is often the centre of debates too. It has a special role to play as a revisioning chamber because there is always the possibility of revision as a result of second sober thought.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Equal Status with Lok Sabha<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the following matters, the powers and status of the Rajya Sabha are equal to that of the Lok Sabha:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Introduction and passage of ordinary bills.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Introduction and passage of Constitutional amendment bills.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Introduction and passage of financial bills involving expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Election and impeachment of the president.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Approval of ordinances issued by the President.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Approval of proclamation of all three types of emergencies by the President.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Selection of ministers including the Prime Minister.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consideration of the reports of the constitutional bodies like Finance Commission, Union Public Service Commission, comptroller and auditor general, etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>Q.3) Give an account of India Post Payment Bank (IPPB). Elaborate on the potential of IPPB in bringing financial inclusion in India.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Answer:\u00a0<\/b><b>IPPB:<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) is government owned payments bank operating under the Department of Posts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It aims to utilize all of India&#8217;s 155,015 post offices as access points and 300,000 postal service workers to provide house to house banking services.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It won\u2019t give loans. Though, provisions for third-party to provide loans and insurance are available.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It offers savings accounts, money transfer, loans and insurances through third parties, bill and utility payments.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>Potential of IPPB:<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rural India is still witness to unscrupulous moneylenders exploiting poor debtors.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Formal banking hasn\u2019t still had much of a penetration in the rural sector.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After the PMJDY, IPPB shall ensure formal banking service to all and every household.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It would enable more than 1.5 lakh post offices to become access points for people to avail banking services.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After Aadhaar linkage to bank accounts, direct benefit transfer (DBT) of various welfare benefits and subsidies will be simple and efficient.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India Post Payment Bank has launched a major campaign for digital literacy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Direct products like financial remittances, direct benefit transfer (DBT) payment of utility bills will greatly benefit people. Sections like farmers and students will be benefited prominently.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Department of Posts which already operates saving accounts has been allowed to link around 17 crore postal savings bank (PSB) accounts with its accounts.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>Q.4) Despite several attempts at reset, Indo-Nepal relationship continues to be a cause of concern. Analyze the causes of strain in the light of China\u2019s influence on Nepal.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Answer:\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After confirming its participation in the BIMSTEC military exercises, Nepalese Army was made to withdraw its contingent due to a \u201cpolitical decision\u201d; it sent only an observer mission at the last hour.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Causes for concern:<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nepal\u2019s decision to join China for a 12-day Mt Everest Friendship Exercise in Sichuan province, also focussed on anti-terrorism drills.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The increasing volume of Chinese investment in hydropower and infrastructure and transport projects.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recently, Nepal finalised an ambitious connectivity proposal that will link Kathmandu to Shigatse by rail; this will give Nepali goods access to Chinese sea-ports at Tianjin, Shenzhen, Lianyungang and Zhanjiang, and land ports in Lanzhou, Lhasa and Shigatse.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India is still blamed for the 2015 economic blockade against Nepal. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India is also held responsible for attempts to destabilise Mr. Oli\u2019s previous tenure as Prime Minister during 2015-2016.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Archives Q.1) Describe \u00a0the significance of 73rd Amendment Act in the Constitution of India. Discuss the extension of this amendment to Schedule Areas. Answer:\u00a0Panchayati Raj or the system of rural local self-government was constitutionalised through the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992. It has been established to build democracy at the grass root level. It&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-september-28-2018\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 September 28, 2018<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":2292,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26096","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mains-marathon-answers","category-public","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pen-paper-laptop.jpg?fit=1000%2C500&ssl=1","views":{"total":517,"cached_at":""},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26096","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26096"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26096\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26096"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26096"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26096"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}