{"id":269277,"date":"2023-11-14T19:01:33","date_gmt":"2023-11-14T13:31:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/?p=269277"},"modified":"2023-11-14T19:01:33","modified_gmt":"2023-11-14T13:31:33","slug":"caste-based-inequalities-in-india-towards-a-more-equal-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/caste-based-inequalities-in-india-towards-a-more-equal-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Caste based Inequalities in India &#8211; Towards a more equal India"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Source: <\/strong>This post on Caste based Inequalities in India has been created based on the article \u2018Towards a more equal India\u2019, published in the <strong>Business Standard<\/strong> on 14<sup>th<\/sup> November 2023.<\/p>\n<p><strong>UPSC Syllabus Topic: <\/strong>GS Paper 1 \u2013 Society \u2013 Salient features of society<\/p>\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong> The Bihar Caste Survey provides insights into the relationship between caste and economic status in India. The survey sheds light on the deep-rooted inequalities in Indian society, particularly in terms of economic status and opportunities across different castes.<\/p>\n<p>India has moved beyond jajmani relationships and caste-based discriminations. However, caste hierarchy and social separation persists in society to some extent.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/caste-based-census-in-india\/\">Read more here<\/a> about caste census and its significance<\/p>\n<h2><strong>What is the Present state of caste-based inequality in India?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Persistent Inequality:<\/strong> Despite economic growth, caste-based disparities in income, education, and job opportunities persist.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Poverty Data:<\/strong> Indicates higher poverty levels among Scheduled Castes (42.93%) and Scheduled Tribes (42.7%) compared to other groups.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Government Jobs:<\/strong> General category castes have a higher representation (3.19%) in government jobs than SC, ST, and OBC groups.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Education Levels:<\/strong> There&#8217;s a significant disparity in graduate percentages among different caste groups, with the general category having the highest (14.54%).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Economic Mobility:<\/strong> The survey suggests that caste continues to be a barrier to social and economic mobility in India.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Income inequality in India:<\/strong> According to the World Inequality database, income inequality in India has sharply increased from 1990 to 2018. The top 10% saw their share of pre-tax income rise from 34.4% to 57.1%, while the bottom 50%&#8217;s share dropped from 20.3% to 13.1%. The top 1% accounts for nearly half of the increase in the top 10%&#8217;s income share.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>What is the significance of the above data?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Access to government jobs<\/strong> is still the main source of income increase and social mobility for the underprivileged, such as the children of an agricultural labourer.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Access to education<\/strong> is the principal basis for occupational mobility from a traditional family job.<\/p>\n<p><strong>OECD Findings on economic mobility:<\/strong> The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) assessed the number of generations needed to move from the bottom 10% to the mean income level in various countries. In India, this transition takes about seven generations, a duration similar to China but longer than in Europe and the US.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Intergenerational Mobility:<\/strong> Azim Premji University highlights that a high percentage of sons of casual wage workers remain in similar employment, even if they are twice as educated as their father. The issue is low quality education.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>What should be done?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>While caste-based reservations may still be necessary, the primary approach should be improving education and skill development access.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Enhancing intergenerational mobility<\/strong> through quality education and skill development is key to reducing inequality and ensuring equitable economic growth.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Reducing Caste-Based Barriers:<\/strong> Following B.R. Ambedkar&#8217;s advice, the focus should be on eliminating occupational specialization linked to caste and enhancing skill acquisition.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Question for Practice<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Considering the persistent caste-based inequalities in India, what measures should be implemented to enhance social and economic mobility across castes in India?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Source: This post on Caste based Inequalities in India has been created based on the article \u2018Towards a more equal India\u2019, published in the Business Standard on 14th November 2023. UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 1 \u2013 Society \u2013 Salient features of society News: The Bihar Caste Survey provides insights into the relationship between caste&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/caste-based-inequalities-in-india-towards-a-more-equal-india\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Caste based Inequalities in India &#8211; Towards a more equal India<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10320,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1230,9],"tags":[10503,263,264],"class_list":["post-269277","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-9-pm-daily-articles","category-public","tag-business-standard","tag-gs-paper-1","tag-society","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":{"total":6,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1699984827},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/269277","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10320"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=269277"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/269277\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=269277"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=269277"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=269277"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}