{"id":279784,"date":"2024-01-27T19:00:18","date_gmt":"2024-01-27T13:30:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/?p=279784"},"modified":"2024-01-29T13:30:25","modified_gmt":"2024-01-29T08:00:25","slug":"economics-of-animal-rearing-explained-pointwise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/economics-of-animal-rearing-explained-pointwise\/","title":{"rendered":"Economics of Animal Rearing- Explained Pointwise"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Economics<\/p>\n

The economics of animal rearing<\/strong> has assumed importance in India in recent times. Recently, the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) has taken the decision to import 40,000 doses of Gir bull semen<\/span> from Brazil<\/span> for domestic insemination to raise milk volumes. Also, the Uttarakhand Government has initiated the genetic enhancement of Badri Cow<\/span> through sex-sorted semen and embryo transfer technology with the aim to increase its productivity. All steps point to the enhanced importance of economics of animal rearing in India.<\/p>\n

\"Economics
Created By Forum IAS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n
Table of Content<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
What is animal rearing? What are the different components of economics of animal rearing in India?<\/a>
\nWhat is the significance of animal rearing in India?<\/a>
\nWhat are the challenges with animal rearing?<\/a>
\nWhat are the government schemes for the development of animal rearing?<\/a>
\nWhat should be the way forward?<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/a>What is animal rearing? What are the different components of economics of animal rearing in India?<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Animal Rearing-<\/strong> Animal rearing is the process of raising animals for meat<\/span>, dairy products<\/span>, eggs<\/span>, fibre and leather<\/span>, transport<\/span>, fertilizer manure<\/span> and fuel<\/span>. Animal rearing involves the care and management of animals to ensure their enhanced productivity, health and well-being.<\/span><\/p>\n

Animal Rearing contribution to India’s economy-<\/strong> The contribution of animal rearing Gross Value Added\u00a0 (GVA at constant prices) was 30.19% of Agricultural and Allied Sector GVA<\/span> and 5.73% of Total GVA<\/span> in FY 2021-22. Animal rearing provides employment to about 20.5 million<\/span> people in India.<\/span><\/p>\n

Livestock population in the country-<\/strong> As per 20th Livestock Census in the country, there are 303.76 million bovines<\/span> (cattle, buffalo, mithun and yak), 74.26 million sheep<\/span>, 148.88 million goats<\/span>, 9.06 million pigs<\/span> and about 851.81 million poultry<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Important components of animal rearing and their success stories
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Dairy industry<\/strong><\/td>\nIndia ranks first<\/span> in milk production in the world. Its milk output of 221 million tonnes in 2021-22<\/span> accounted for nearly 23 per cent of global milk supplies. Milk is the country\u2019s largest agricultural commodity<\/span>, surpassing rice and wheat in terms of both volumes and value of production<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Poultry Industry<\/strong><\/td>\nIndia ranks third<\/span> in egg production. The output of eggs in 2020-21 is around 130 billion. This amounts to a per capita availability of around 95 eggs per year.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Meat Industry<\/strong><\/td>\nIndia ranks 5th in terms of meat production<\/span>, producing around 6.3 million tonnes of meat<\/span>. Buffalo meat<\/span> alone accounted for nearly two-thirds<\/span> of meat products exports.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sericulture Industry<\/strong><\/td>\nIndia\u2019s Silk Industry is world\u2019s second largest after China<\/span>. The total raw silk production in India was 33,739 MT in 2020-21.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fishing Industry<\/strong><\/td>\nIndia is the world\u2019s second-largest fish producer<\/span>, with exports worth more than Rs 47,000 crore. Fisheries are the country\u2019s single-largest agriculture export<\/span>, with a growth rate of 6 to 10 per cent in the past five years.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/a>What is the significance of animal rearing in India?<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

1. Enhanced Economic contribution to India’s GDP-<\/strong> According to the ES 2022-23, the livestock sector has grown at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.9%<\/span> during 2014-15 to 2020-21 (at constant prices)<\/span>. The animal rearing sector’s contribution to total agriculture Gross value added (GVA) (at constant prices) has increased from 24.3% in 2014-15<\/span> to 30.1% in 2020-21<\/span>.<\/p>\n

2. Additional source of Income to Farmers-<\/strong> The animal rearing sector provides an additional source of income and employment to farmers. It provides employment<\/span> to about 8.8% of the population<\/span> in India.<\/p>\n

3. Food and Nutritional Security-<\/strong> The enhanced production of milk, meat, egg and fish have ensured the food and nutritional security in the daily diets of the people. For ex-<\/strong> It is important for improving India’s rank in the Global Hunger Index<\/span>.<\/p>\n

4. Socio-economic development-<\/strong> Animal rearing sector is a major avenue for women employment. For ex-<\/strong> Women made up 31% of total members of the 190,000 in dairy producer cooperatives<\/span> in 2020\u201321.<\/p>\n

5. Fibres-<\/strong> Wool<\/span>, hair<\/span>, hides<\/span>, and pellets<\/span> are all components of fibre and hides (skins) made from livestock. Leather<\/span> is the most major product with a significant export potential and is used for a variety of uses both domestically and internationally.<\/p>\n

6. Weed control-<\/strong> Livestock is also used for biological control of brush<\/span>, plants<\/span>, and weeds<\/span> as cattle graze off the weeds.<\/p>\n

7. Cultural-<\/strong> Livestocks add to the cultural self-esteem when they own prized animals such as pedigreed bulls<\/span>, dogs<\/span> and high yielding cows\/ buffaloes. People also use the animals like cocks, rams, bulls for competition and sports like cock fights<\/span>, ram fights<\/span> and bull fights<\/span> (jallikattu<\/span>).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Read More- Gir and Kankrej cows<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/a>What are the challenges with animal rearing?<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

1. Productivity-<\/strong> Animal rearing sector suffers from the challenge of animal rearing. As per Integrated Sample Survey, average annual productivity of cattle in India during 2019-20 is 1777 kg per animal per year<\/span> as against the world average of 2699 kg per animal per year<\/span> during 2019.<\/p>\n

2. Diseases-<\/strong> There has been a surge in the prevalence of contagious diseases among animals which have detrimental effects on livestock health. For ex-<\/strong> Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease<\/span> (LSD), Foot and Mouth Disease<\/span> (FMD), Black Quarter infection<\/span>.<\/p>\n

3. Feed and fodder scarcity-<\/strong> The shortage and high cost of feed and fodder is a significant challenge to animal rearing. The Jhansi-based Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute has estimated that there is a deficit of 12% green fodder<\/span>, 23% dry fodder<\/span>, and 30% grains-based concentrated animal feeds<\/span>.<\/p>\n

4. Inadequate policy support-<\/strong> The bulk of the agricultural subsidies by the central and state governments goes to the crops sector. For ex-<\/span><\/strong> In the 2023-24 Union Budget, the allocation for the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying<\/span> is merely Rs 4,328 crore<\/span> while well over Rs 4 trillion<\/span> has been allocated to food, fertiliser, and other agricultural subsidies<\/span>.<\/p>\n

5. Lack of marketing support- <\/strong>Animal products lack price and marketing support that are enjoyed by the crop-based commodities in the form of MSP<\/span> and official state procurement by FCI<\/span>.<\/p>\n

6. Lack of<\/span> Institutional finance-<\/strong> The share of livestock in the total agricultural credit<\/span> (short-term, medium-term and long-term) is only around 4%<\/span>.<\/p>\n

7. Greenhouse gas contribution-<\/strong> The animal rearing sector is a major contributor to the greenhouse gases like Methane<\/span>, which have a very high global warming potential<\/span> (GWP).<\/p>\n

8. Lack of advancements in technology-<\/strong> Fewer artificial inseminations<\/span>, lower-quality germplasm<\/span> and insufficient technical staff<\/span> have inhibited the development of animal rearing.<\/p>\n

<\/a>What are the government schemes for the development of animal rearing?<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Rashtriya Gokul Mission (RGM)<\/strong><\/td>\nIt is being implemented for development and conservation<\/span> of indigenous bovine breeds since December 2014. Its aim is to enhance milk production<\/span> and to make it more remunerative<\/span> to the farmers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
National Livestock Mission (NLM)<\/strong><\/td>\nNational Livestock Mission (NLM) scheme has been restructured for 2021-22 to 2025-26<\/span>. The scheme focuses on entrepreneurship development and breeds improvement in poultry<\/span>, sheep<\/span>, goat and piggery<\/span>, including feed and fodder development.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
National Artificial Insemination Programme<\/strong><\/td>\nTo suggest novel methods of bringing about impregnation in female breeds and<\/span> prevent the spread of certain diseases<\/span> which are genital in nature.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
National Cattle and Buffalo Breeding Project<\/strong><\/td>\nTo genetically upgrade important indigenous breeds<\/span> on a priority basis with a focus on development and conservation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
National Animal Disease Control Programme<\/strong><\/td>\nImplemented to control FMD<\/span> and Brucellosis<\/span> by completely vaccinating cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat and pig populations against Foot & Mouth Disease (FMD)<\/span> and bovine female calves of 4-8 months of age against Brucellosis.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Animal Husbandry Startup Grand Challenge<\/strong><\/td>\nTo appreciate innovations<\/span> coming from the villages to expand the dairy sector<\/span> in India.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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