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Source<\/strong>-This post on El-nino and its impact on India<\/strong> has been created based on the article \u201cA receding El Ni\u00f1o could help ease food inflation<\/strong>\u201d published in \u201cMint<\/strong>\u201d on 13 February.<\/p>\n UPSC Syllabus Topic<\/strong>: GS paper 1- Geophysical Phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc. GS paper 3- Indian Economy and issues relating to Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development and Employment.<\/p>\n News: <\/strong>The article discusses about the likely impact of El-Nino on Indias food inflation.<\/p>\n 1) El Nino and La Nina are complex weather patterns<\/strong> resulting from variations in ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific Region. They are opposite phases of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle.<\/strong><\/p>\n 2) El Nino is a climate pattern that describes the unusual warming<\/strong> of surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean<\/strong>. It is the \u201cwarm phase<\/strong>\u201d of a larger phenomenon called the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). It typically lasts 9 to 12 months<\/strong>.<\/p>\n 3) La Nina, the \u201ccool phase<\/strong>\u201d of ENSO, is a pattern that describes the unusual cooling of the tropical eastern Pacific. LA Nina events may last between 1 to 3 years<\/strong>.<\/p>\n 1) Weakening of Monsoon Winds<\/strong>: During El Ni\u00f1o years, the trade winds across the Pacific Ocean gets weakened<\/strong>. This reduces their ability to push moisture-laden<\/strong> air towards the Indian subcontinent. 2) Shift in Rainfall Patterns<\/strong>: The regions that receive abundant rainfal<\/strong>l during the monsoon season may experience below-average<\/strong> rainfall, whereas regions that usually receive less rainfal<\/strong>l may receive more rainfall<\/strong>.<\/p>\n 3) Delayed Onset and Early Withdrawal<\/strong>: It can delay<\/strong> the onset of the monsoon season in India. 1) Indian Ocean Dipole<\/strong> -This measures the difference in sea-surface temperatures on opposite sides of this ocean. The IOD has three phases such as Neutral, Positive and Negative IOD. 2) Climate Change<\/strong>-This has also added to unpredictability<\/strong> of Indian monsoon.<\/p>\n <\/p>\nWhat is El Ni\u00f1o and La-Nina phenomenon?<\/strong><\/h2>\n
El Ni\u00f1o Effect on Monsoon in India?<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\nAs a result, the monsoon winds over the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea weaken, leading to a decrease in the overall strength of the monsoon<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
\nFurther,it can also lead to an early withdrawal<\/strong> of the monsoon, shortening the overall duration of the rainy season.<\/p>\nWhat are other factors that impact Indian monsoon?<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\nA positive IOD<\/strong> leads to greater<\/strong> monsoon rainfall and more active (above normal rainfall) monsoon days in the Indian sub-continent while a negative IOD<\/strong> leads to less <\/strong>rainfall and more monsoon break days (no rainfall)<\/p>\nRead More UPSC Topics-<\/strong><\/h2>\n