{"id":297811,"date":"2024-06-03T18:25:03","date_gmt":"2024-06-03T12:55:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/?p=297811"},"modified":"2024-06-03T18:25:03","modified_gmt":"2024-06-03T12:55:03","slug":"impact-of-the-hunga-tonga-hunga-haapai-eruption","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/impact-of-the-hunga-tonga-hunga-haapai-eruption\/","title":{"rendered":"Impact of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha\u2019apai Eruption"},"content":{"rendered":"

Source-<\/strong>\u00a0This post on Impact of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha\u2019apai Eruption<\/strong> has been created based on the article “Tonga volcano could cause unusual weather for rest of decade: study”<\/a> published in\u00a0\u201cThe Hindu\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0on 1 June 2024.<\/p>\n

Why in News?<\/h2>\n

Recently, a study was conducted in the Journal of Climate to investigate the climatic effects caused by the eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha\u2019apai volcano. It erupted on January 15, 2022, in Tonga, generating a tsunami and triggering warnings across the Pacific basin.<\/p>\n

Findings of the study<\/h2>\n

1. Ozone Layer Effect<\/strong>: From August to December 2023, there was a large hole in the ozone layer partly because of the Hunga Tonga eruption. This effect on the ozone was short-term and not expected to last past 2023.<\/p>\n

2. Weather Changes<\/strong>: The eruption caused some unusual weather changes:<\/p>\n

i) Australia had a wetter summer in 2024, which is not usual for an El Ni\u00f1o year when it’s typically drier.<\/p>\n

ii) The global average temperature only went up by a tiny bit, around 0.015 degrees Celsius.<\/p>\n

3. Regional Climate Effects<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

i) Northern Australia might experience colder and wetter winters than usual up to 2029.<\/p>\n

ii) North America could see warmer winters during the same period.<\/p>\n

iii) Scandinavia might have colder winters.<\/p>\n

4. Atmospheric Changes<\/strong>: The eruption changed the way air moves in the atmosphere, which could affect weather patterns.<\/p>\n

How is Hunga Tonga Different from Typical Volcanic Eruptions?<\/h3>\n

1. Unique Eruption<\/strong>: Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha\u2019apai is an underwater volcano that erupted on January 15, 2022. This eruption was extraordinary because it shot a huge amount of water vapor high into the sky, into the stratosphere (about 15-40 kilometers above the Earth).<\/p>\n

2. Usual Volcanic Effects<\/strong>: Typically, volcanoes release smoke and sulfur dioxide which leads to a cooling effect on Earth. This happens because sulfur dioxide turns into tiny particles that float in the air and reflect sunlight away from Earth.<\/p>\n

3. Hunga Tonga’s Impact<\/strong>: Being underwater, Hunga Tonga didn\u2019t produce much smoke but sent 100-150 million tonnes of water vapor into the stratosphere instead.<\/p>\n

4. Effects of Water Vapor<\/strong>: In the stratosphere, water vapor can harm the ozone layer and act like a greenhouse gas, which might warm the Earth.<\/p>\n

About Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha\u2019apai volcano<\/h2>\n

1) Location:<\/strong> The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha\u2019apai volcano is situated in the western South Pacific Ocean, west of Tonga’s main inhabited islands.<\/p>\n

2) Type of Volcano:<\/strong> It is a submarine volcano, one of twelve along the Tofua Arc, part of the larger Tonga-Kermadec volcanic arc.<\/p>\n

3) Geological Formation:<\/strong> This arc is formed by the subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Indo-Australian Plate.<\/p>\n

4) Composition:<\/strong> The volcano includes two small, uninhabited islands named Hunga-Ha\u2019apai and Hunga-Tonga.<\/p>\n

UPSC Syllabus: World geography, Environment<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Source-\u00a0This post on Impact of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha\u2019apai Eruption has been created based on the article “Tonga volcano could cause unusual weather for rest of decade: study” published in\u00a0\u201cThe Hindu\u201d\u00a0on 1 June 2024. Why in News? Recently, a study was conducted in the Journal of Climate to investigate the climatic effects caused by the… Continue reading Impact of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha\u2019apai Eruption<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10366,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1566,11209],"tags":[11872,10498],"class_list":["post-297811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-daily-factly-articles","category-geography-in-news","tag-9pm-daily-factly","tag-the-hindu","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/297811","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10366"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=297811"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/297811\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=297811"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=297811"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=297811"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}