{"id":31268,"date":"2018-10-27T12:53:03","date_gmt":"2018-10-27T07:23:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=31268"},"modified":"2018-10-27T12:53:03","modified_gmt":"2018-10-27T07:23:03","slug":"crucible-for-civilisation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/crucible-for-civilisation\/","title":{"rendered":"Crucible for civilisation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/crucible-for-civilisation\/article22754688.ece\"><b>Crucible for civilisation<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Context:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A recently published paper has revealed that small tools were used nearly 385,000 years ago at Attirampakkam<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>About Attirampakkam:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Located close to Madras, it is the site where, in 1863, British geologist and archaeologist Robert Bruce Foote discovered the first Palaeolithic stone tools from India<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since then, this site has been visited by many investigators, and considerably more knowledge about the civilisation has been obtained.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>The generally accepted theory:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Until recently, it was believed that modern human ancestors moved out of Africa and settled in various places where they left their mark by introducing small tools, around 140,000-120,000 years ago.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>About the paper:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The paper named <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2018Early Middle Palaeolithic culture in India around 385-172 ka reframes Out of Africa models\u2019,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by Akhilesh Kumar, Shanti Pappu and others have been published in the <\/span><b><i>Nature<\/i><\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The paper has revealed stunning new evidence that small tool \u2014 as opposed to larger ones that characterised early human species \u2014 were being made at Attirampakkam way before \u2014 nearly 385,000 years ago.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, it is difficult to comment whether this paper contradict the theory of humans migrating out of Africa<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The research has been also cautious in stating that it does not actually identify who made the smaller tools-<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">it may have been archaic hominins who had figured out that these were more useful than larger tools, or it could have been modern humans who coexisted with the last of the archaic hominins.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Difficulties in the Study:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The study at Attirampakkam is complex because close to this region, there is poor fossil record, owing to the prevailing soil conditions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Significance of the study:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The paper helps to set the time when the transition from larger hand axes and cleavers, known technically as the Acheulean culture, to smaller tools such as scrapers, used in the Middle Palaeolithic culture, happened.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Conclusion:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Additional material from this site is required to understand <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">why the technology transfer happened, and its relevance to understanding Indian and global civilisation.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Crucible for civilisation Context: A recently published paper has revealed that small tools were used nearly 385,000 years ago at Attirampakkam About Attirampakkam: Located close to Madras, it is the site where, in 1863, British geologist and archaeologist Robert Bruce Foote discovered the first Palaeolithic stone tools from India Since then, this site has been&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/crucible-for-civilisation\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Crucible for civilisation<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[555],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-test-1","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704723902},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31268","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31268"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31268\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}