{"id":336176,"date":"2025-05-11T09:00:03","date_gmt":"2025-05-11T03:30:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/?p=336176"},"modified":"2025-05-11T19:11:03","modified_gmt":"2025-05-11T13:41:03","slug":"day-3-prelims-20-species-protected-areas-in-news","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/day-3-prelims-20-species-protected-areas-in-news\/","title":{"rendered":"Day 3 Prelims 20+: Species+ Protected Areas in News"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In today\u2019s <em>Prelims 20+<\/em>, we focus on Species and Protected Areas in News\u2014a frequently tested theme in the Environment section of the UPSC Civil Services Examination. With growing conservation challenges, both iconic species and the protected areas they inhabit have been in the spotlight for various ecological, legal, and policy developments.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;border-style: solid;height: 120px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;text-align: center\"><strong>Table of Content<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 60px\">\n<td style=\"width: 100%;height: 60px\"><strong>Species (Flora)<br \/>\n<\/strong><a href=\"#h1\">Chinar Tree<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h2\">Rhododendron Wattii Tree<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h3\">Anthurium Flowers<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h4\">Milkweed Fiber<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h5\">Casuarina Tree<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h6\">Agarwood<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h7\">Rosewood<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h8\">Baobab Tree<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h9\">Alfalfa Hay (Medicago sativa)<\/a><br \/>\n<strong>Species (Fauna)<br \/>\n<\/strong><a href=\"#h10\">Rusty- Spotted Cat<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h11\">Saffron reedtail damselfly<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h12\">White-winged duck<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h13\">Indian Wild Ass<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h14\">Red Panda<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h15\">Honey badger<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h16\">Ganges River dolphin (Common name: Susu)<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h17\">Halari Donkey<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h18\">Jerdon\u2019s Courser<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h19\">Caracal<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h20\">Golden Langur<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h21\">Black Softshell Turtle (Nilssonia nigricans)<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h22\">Butterfly Cicada<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h23\">Malabar Grey Hornbill (Ocyceros griseus)<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h24\">Sea Otters<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h25\">Woolly Flying Squirrel<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h26\">One-Horned Rhinos<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h27\">Laysan Albatross<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h28\">Asiatic Lion<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h29\">Swamp Deer (Barasingha)\u00a0<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h30\">Great Indian Bustard (GIB)<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px\">\n<td style=\"width: 100%;height: 30px\"><strong>Protected Areas<br \/>\n<\/strong><a href=\"#h31\">Tipeshwar Wildlife Sanctuary<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h32\">Desert National Park (DNP)<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h33\">Bhitarkanika National Park<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h34\">Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary (BWS)<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h35\">Ramadevara Betta Vulture Sanctuary<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h36\">Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h37\">Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h38\">Ratapani Tiger Reserve<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h39\">Guru Ghasidas- Tamor Pingla Tiger Reserve<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h40\">Hollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h41\">Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h42\">Yellowstone National Park<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h43\">Kalesar Wildlife Sanctuary<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h44\">Pench Tiger Reserve<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h45\">Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h46\">Mahuadanr Wolf Sanctuary<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h47\">Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h48\">Ranthambore National Park<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h49\">Bandipur National Park<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h50\">Nagarahole National Park<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h51\">Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h52\">Madhav National Park<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h53\">Kuno National Park<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h54\">Kaziranga National Park<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#h55\">Click here to download pdf of Species + Protected areas in news<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><b>Flora<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"h1\"><\/a>Chinar Tree<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is also known as the majestic chinar and oriental plane tree. Chinar is a <\/span><b>maple-like tree with a huge canopy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is <\/span><b>found in the cool climate regions with sufficient water<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, taking 30-50 years to mature and 150 years to reach its full size.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is believed that <\/span><b>Mughal emperor Jahangir<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> coined the term Chinar.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kashmir is home to chinar groves with <\/span><b>Ganderbal district having the highest number of chinar trees<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chinar also grows in <\/span><b>Jammu\u2019s Chenab Valley<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and in the<\/span><b> Pir Panjal Valley<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h2\"><\/a>Rhododendron Wattii Tree<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is a shrub or tree &amp; <\/span><b>grows primarily in the temperate biome.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is endemic to <\/span><b>MANIPUR &amp; NAGALAND<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2192 Especially found growing in its natural habitat at Dzukou Valley (Nagaland).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Characteristics<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is an evergreen plant.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Flowering occurs from end of February to April.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h3\"><\/a>Anthurium Flowers<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is a <\/span><b>tropical flowering plant<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> valued for its ornamental appeal and air-purifying properties.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Grown mostly indoors, it <\/span><b>helps remove toxins<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> like formaldehyde, ammonia, toluene, xylene, and allergens from the air.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is <\/span><b>included in NASA\u2019s list of air-purifying plants<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> due to its ability to improve indoor air quality.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Geographical distribution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Native Region<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Americas \u2013 From northern Mexico to northern Argentina and parts of the Caribbean.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>In India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Widely cultivated in Mizoram and other North-Eastern states.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h4\"><\/a>Milkweed Fiber<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>It is a unique natural fiber extracted from the seed pods of milkweed plants (Asclepias syriaca L).<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa The plant is native to North America. In India, it is found as a wild plant in Rajasthan, Karnataka &amp; Tamil Nadu.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Properties:<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa It contains oily material and lignin, a woody plant substance, which makes them too brittle for spinning.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa It is extremely lightweight and soft.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa It is <\/span><b>biodegradable and a renewable resource<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa It is an amphiphilic material, capable of displaying both <\/span><b>hydrophilic<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (water-absorbing) and <\/span><b>hydrophobic <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(water-repelling or resisting) properties.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Applications:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It is used in such water-safety equipment as life jackets and belts etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h5\"><\/a>Casuarina Tree<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is an<\/span><b> evergreen tree<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> with a straight trunk and a conical crown made up of permanent, horizontal branches that bear deciduous, needle-like branchlets.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is particularly known for its ability to thrive in coastal environments and its resistance to saline soils.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Geographic distribution:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Found in tropical, subtropical, and Mediterranean regions. In India, it is mainly found in coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Puducherry, and Tamil Nadu.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Climate requirements:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Thrives in temperatures between 10\u00b0C to 33\u00b0C, at elevations from sea level to 1500m, and requires annual rainfall between 700mm and 2000mm.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h6\"><\/a>Agarwood<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aquilaria malaccensis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (Agarwood) is a species of plant in the family Thymelaeaceae.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is native to Northeast India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and parts of Southeast Asia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is known for its fragrant wood, valued for its unique aroma.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Economic value<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> &#8211; The main commercial products from agarwood are chips and oil, which are highly valued in the market.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Protection Status<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa IUCN: Critically Endangered<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa CITES: Appendix II<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h7\"><\/a>Rosewood<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is a fast-growing, hardy, deciduous tree native to the foothills of the Himalayas.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Its distribution in India ranges from Afghanistan to Bihar.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is used for making furniture, musical instruments, and decorative items.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Protection Status<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa IUCN: Appendix II<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h8\"><\/a>Baobab Tree<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These are long-lived deciduous trees, ranging from 5 to 30 meters (20 to 100 feet) tall, with broad trunks and compact tops.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Also known as the &#8220;upside-down tree&#8221; for their unusual appearance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are nine types of baobab trees, mostly in Africa, Madagascar, and a few in Australia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In India, they are <\/span><b>mainly found in Mandu, Madhya Pradesh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, where the Bhil tribe has historically preserved them.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h9\"><\/a>Alfalfa Hay (Medicago sativa)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is a perennial, leguminous plant of the pea family (Fabaceae).<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It is widely grown primarily for hay, pasturage, and silage.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Climatic conditions required:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Soil:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It prefers well-drained, fertile soils with a neutral pH (around 6.8 to 7.5).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Sunlight:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It thrives in regions with abundant sunlight which is essential for photosynthesis and biomass production.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is known for its tolerance of drought, heat, and cold and for the remarkable productivity and quality of its herbage.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The plant is grown as a cover crop and as a green manure.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It houses symbiotic soil bacteria (rhizobia) in their root nodules to \u201cfix\u201d nitrogen from the air into the soil.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Green leafy alfalfa hay is very nutritious and is also rich in vitamins A, E, D, and K.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><b>Fauna<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"h10\"><\/a>Rusty- Spotted Cat<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is the <\/span><b>world\u2019s smallest and lightest known cat.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The species has been recorded in dry deciduous and semi-deciduous forests in northern and central India, Western Ghats, Kachchh and Rajasthan, and peninsular India, besides Nepal and Sri Lanka.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Physical feature-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The eyes are fairly large with irises of greyish brown to amber. Its large eyes may be an adaptation to its nocturnal behaviour.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>India has 80% of the cat\u2019s total population.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>IUCN status <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">= Near threatened<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h11\"><\/a>Saffron reedtail damselfly<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is a rare species <\/span><b>endemic to the Western Ghats of India.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They are seen in streams surrounded by thick vegetation and usually found near slow-moving forest streams where they rely on pristine water quality for their lifecycle.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The presence of them is an <\/span><b>indicator of a healthy ecosystem<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, as they are highly sensitive to environmental changes and pollution.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Habitat of Damselflies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Damselflies are found mainly near shallow, freshwater habitats and are graceful fliers with slender bodies and long, filmy, net-veined wings.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h12\"><\/a>White-winged duck<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is a <\/span><b>large, rare, and endangered species<\/b> <b>of duck<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> found in freshwater wetlands and dense tropical forests of South and Southeast Asia.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Assamese, it is known as \u2018Deo Hans\u2019 or spirit duck because of its ghostly call.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is considered one of the most threatened waterfowl species in the world.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Distribution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prefers dense tropical and subtropical forests with slow-moving rivers, swamps, and wetlands.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Found in India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur), Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia (Sumatra), and Malaysia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In India, it is mostly found in the Dibru-Saikhowa National Park, Kaziranga National Park, and the wetlands of Arunachal Pradesh and Assam<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">IUCN Status: <\/span><b>Critically Endangered<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h13\"><\/a>Indian Wild Ass<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">One of the five subspecies of the Asiatic wild ass.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Habitat:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa Found in the arid zones of the northwestern Indian subcontinent.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa Currently, the species is restricted to the Little Rann of Kutch (LRK) in Gujarat, India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Behavioral Characteristics:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa Solitary and shy in nature, with low population densities across its range.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa Horns are found only in adult males.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa Prefers nutrient-rich forage for browsing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Conservation Status<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa <\/span><b>IUCN Red List<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Near Threatened<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa <\/span><b>Wildlife Protection Act, 1972<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Schedule I<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa <\/span><b>CITES<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Appendix I<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h14\"><\/a>Red Panda<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Habitat<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The Red Panda lives in the mountainous forests of Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal, with nearly 50% of its habitat in the Eastern Himalayas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Diet<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: It is primarily herbivorous, consuming bamboo, berries, acorns, and occasionally small mammals.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Conservation status:<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u25aa<\/span><b> IUCN Status<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Endangered<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa <\/span><b>CITES<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Appendix I (species threatened with extinction)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa <\/span><b>Wildlife Protection Act (India):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Schedule I<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h15\"><\/a>Honey badger<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The honey badger, also known as the ratel, is a resilient and fearless mammal belonging to the weasel family.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Physical Characteristics<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Tough, thick skin and strong claws for digging and defense.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Diet<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Omnivorous, eating honey, small mammals, insects, birds, and plants; known for raiding beehives.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Behavior<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Nocturnal, solitary, fearless, and aggressive, often confronting larger predators.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Habitat<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Found in savannas, forests, and grasslands in Africa and Asia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Conservation Status<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa<\/span><b> IUCN status<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Least Concern.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa<\/span><b> Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Schedule I<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h16\"><\/a>Ganges River dolphin (Common name: Susu)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It was declared <\/span><b>India\u2019s National Aquatic Animal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in 2009.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Habitat<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Found in freshwater rivers of India, Nepal, and Bangladesh, including the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna and Karnaphuli-Sangu systems.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Blindness &amp; Echolocation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Nearly blind, they use echolocation for navigation and hunting.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Diet<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Carnivorous, feeding mainly on fish and invertebrates.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Conservation status<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span> <b>\u25aa IUCN Status<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Endangered<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa<\/span><b> CITES:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Appendix I<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa<\/span><b> Wildlife Protection Act, 1972<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Schedule I<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h17\"><\/a>Halari Donkey<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These are important domesticated animals in the semi-arid landscape of Jamnagar and Dwarka districts in Gujarat\u2019s Saurashtra region.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These donkeys are endangered, with a surviving population of less than 500.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Halari donkey milk is known for its sweetness, and milk powder derived from it fetches high value in the international market to the tune of Rs. 7000 a Kg.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h18\"><\/a>Jerdon\u2019s Courser<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Nocturnal bird<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> found only in the Eastern Ghats.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Endemic to Andhra Pradesh\u2019s Sri Lankamalleswara Wildlife Sanctuary in Kadapa.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Habitat<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: It inhabits open patches within scrub-forests.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Protection Status<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa IUCN: Critically Endangered<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h19\"><\/a>Caracal<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is a medium-sized wild cat, with a robust build, long legs, short face, long tufted ears, relatively short tail, and long canine teeth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is also known as Siyahgosh, a Persian word meaning black ears.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Caracal is native to Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and arid areas of Pakistan and northwestern India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Protection Status<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa IUCN Status: Least Concern<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa Wildlife Protection Act<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h20\"><\/a>Golden Langur<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Protection status:<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa IUCN: Endangered<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa CITES: Appendix I<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule I<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Habitat<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> &#8211; It is endemic to western Assam, India, and southern Bhutan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Characteristics:<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa They are most easily recognized by the colour of their fur, after which they are named.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa Known as leaf monkeys, they depend on trees and live in the upper canopy of forests.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h21\"><\/a>Black Softshell Turtle (Nilssonia nigricans)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is a species of freshwater turtle.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Protection Status:<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa IUCN STATUS: Critically Endangered<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa CITES: Appendix I<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: No legal protection<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Habitat<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> &#8211; It is found in India and Bangladesh.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h22\"><\/a>Butterfly Cicada<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A new species of cicada discovered in Meghalaya.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It belongs to the genus <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Becquartina<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and marks the first-ever record of this genus in the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The cicada&#8217;s colorful wings gave it the nickname \u201cbutterfly cicada,\u201d and its species name \u201cbicolour\u201d shows its two color forms.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>About Cicada<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cicadas (family Cicadidae) are insects known for their ability to produce sound.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h23\"><\/a>Malabar Grey Hornbill (Ocyceros griseus)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Geographical range<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 It is endemic to the Western Ghats and associated hills of southern India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Habitat<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 They are found mainly in dense forest and around rubber, arecanut or coffee plantations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Characteristics<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They are the smallest among the Asian hornbills.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They have a large beak but lack the casque that is prominent in some other hornbill species.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Males have a reddish bill, females have a yellowish bill with black markings.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They move around in pairs or small groups, feeding on figs and other forest fruits.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They are notable for their<\/span><b> loud cackling, screeching, and laughing calls<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>IUCN Status<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 Vulnerable<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h24\"><\/a>Sea Otters<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They are aquatic members of the weasel family.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Habitat<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They found along the coasts of the Pacific Ocean, particularly in North America (from Alaska to California) and parts of Asia (Russia and Japan).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They spend most of their time in the water but occasionally come ashore to sleep or rest.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Physical Characteristics<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They have webbed feet and water-repellent fur to stay dry and warm, with nostrils and ears that close in the water.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Unlike other marine mammals, they lack blubber (a thick layer of fat) to shield them from hypothermia. As a result, they must consume a large amount of food daily to maintain their body heat.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Diet<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 They are carnivorous and consume a variety of marine life, including sea urchins, crabs, mollusks, clams, and fish.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Ecological Role<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They are a keystone species in kelp forest ecosystems, helping control populations of sea urchins and other species that can damage kelp forests.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Their presence promotes biodiversity and maintains ecological balance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>IUCN Status<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Endangered.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h25\"><\/a>Woolly Flying Squirrel<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is one of the rarest and least known mammals in Asia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It belongs to the genus Eupetaurus in the family Sciuridae.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is the largest and heaviest of all gliding mammals and is known for its unique appearance and elusive nature.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Native<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: They are native to parts of Asia, particularly in the mountainous regions of northern Pakistan, including the Diamer and Gilgit districts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is <\/span><b>endemic to the northwestern Himalayas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. They are also possibly found in northern India, especially in Sikkim, and other nearby countries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Physical features<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It possesses elastic membranes on each side of its body that connect the forelimbs to the hind limbs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Its body is covered with a dense layer of straight, silky fur.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The upper side (dorsal pelage) displays a blue-gray hue, while the underside is a pale gray.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This species is <\/span><b>nocturnal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, meaning it is active during the night and rests during the day.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>IUCN Red List<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Endangered<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h26\"><\/a>One-Horned Rhinos<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They are also known as the Indian Rhinoceros and are the largest of the three Asian rhino species.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Distribution and habitat:<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Rhinos thrive in floodplain grasslands, swamps, and riverine forests, particularly in the Terai region of India and Nepal.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Indian rhinos are primarily found in protected areas in Assam, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Nepal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Distribution within India:<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> They are mainly found in the seven Protected Areas \u2013<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span> <b>Assam<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Kaziranga NP (70% of the world\u2019s one-horned rhinos, 2613 rhinos as per 2022 Census), Pobitara WLS, Orang NP, Manas NP.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span> <b>West Bengal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Jaldapara NP and Gorumara NP.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span> <b>Uttar Pradesh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Dudhwa NP.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In addition, a transient population is also observed in Katerniaghat WLS in Uttar Pradesh and Valmiki TR in Bihar, which experience visits of rhinos from adjoining Nepal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Fun fact: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Greater one-horned rhinos are good swimmers and can dive and feed underwater.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Protection Status:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>IUCN Red List:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Vulnerable.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>CITES:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Appendix I (Threatened with extinction, and CITES prohibits international trade in specimens of these species except when the purpose of the import is not commercial, for instance, for scientific research).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Wildlife Protection Act, 1972:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Schedule I.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Rhinos around the Globe:<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> There are five species of rhino \u2013 white and black rhinos in Africa, and the greater one-horned, Javan, and Sumatran rhino species in Asia.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>IUCN Red List Status:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Black Rhino:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Critically endangered. Smaller of the two African species.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>White Rhino:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Near Threatened.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>One-Horned Rhino:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Vulnerable.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Javan:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Critically Endangered.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Sumatran Rhino:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Critically Endangered. It has gone extinct in Malaysia.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h27\"><\/a>Laysan Albatross<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Laysan Albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) is a pelagic bird found predominantly in the North Pacific Ocean.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Approximately 99.7% of the population nests in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, with Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge serving as a critical breeding ground.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Key Characteristics:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is a medium-sized seabird with a gull-like appearance and long, slender wings for long flights.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It has blackish-brown backs and upper wings, with white primary feathers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It primarily feeds on squid, fish, and crustaceans.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Laysan albatrosses are monogamous and usually mate for life, laying one egg each year.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Their typical lifespan is around 68 years, with some individuals like Wisdom reaching 74 years.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>IUCN Red List:<\/b> Near Threatened.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h28\"><\/a>Asiatic Lion<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Asiatic Lion, also called the Persian Lion or Indian Lion, is a subspecies of Panthera leo leo found only in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Habitat<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 They are confined to the Gir National Park and wildlife sanctuary and its surrounding environments in Gujarat\u2019s Saurashtra district.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Characteristics:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asiatic lions are slightly smaller than African lions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In contrast to the African Lion, the Asiatic Lion has a longitudinal fold of skin running along its belly.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The fur color ranges from rudy tawny with black speckles to sandy or buff-grey, sometimes with a silvery sheen in certain lights.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Males have only moderate mane growth at the top of the head, so that their ears are always visible.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Conservation Status<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>IUCN Red List:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Vulnerable<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>CITES:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Appendix I<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Schedule I<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><a id=\"h29\"><\/a>Swamp Deer (Barasingha)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>IUCN Status<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Vulnerable<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Listed in <\/span><b>Schedule I<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Distribution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Currently found in <\/span><b>India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and <\/span><b>Nepal<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Extinct<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in <\/span><b>Pakistan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and <\/span><b>Bangladesh<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>State Animal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Uttar Pradesh<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Madhya Pradesh<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Major Protected Areas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Kanha National Park<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (Madhya Pradesh) \u2013 known for the <\/span><b>hard ground<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> subspecies<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Dudhwa National Park<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (Uttar Pradesh) \u2013 hosts a significant population<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Also found in <\/span><b>Kaziranga<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and <\/span><b>Manas National Parks<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (Assam)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Types of Barasingha<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (based on habitat and region):<\/span>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Hard Ground Barasingha<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Found in <\/span><b>Kanha (MP)<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Eastern Barasingha<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Found in <\/span><b>Assam<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (Kaziranga, Manas)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Wetland Barasingha<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Historically found in <\/span><b>Sundarbans<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h30\"><\/a>Great Indian Bustard (GIB)<\/h2>\n<p><b>Habitat:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Inhabits dry grasslands and semi-arid regions<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Found in India (Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh) and Pakistan<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Conservation Status<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">IUCN Red List: Critically Endangered<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">CITES: Appendix I<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">CMS (Convention on Migratory Species): Appendix I<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule I<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>State Symbol<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">State bird of Rajasthan<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Major Protected Areas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Desert National Park (DNP) \u2013 Rajasthan<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary \u2013 Andhra Pradesh<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Karera Wildlife Sanctuary \u2013 Madhya Pradesh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Protected Areas in news<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"h31\"><\/a>Tipeshwar Wildlife Sanctuary<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Location<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Situated in <\/span><b>Yavatmal district, Maharashtra<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Known as the \u201c<\/span><b>Green Oasis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201d of Southern Maharashtra due to abundant water resources from rivers like Purna, Krishna, Bhima, and Tapti.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Geography<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The sanctuary is located in a <\/span><b>basalt region<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> created by ancient volcanic lava eruptions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The terrain is hilly and undulating, offering a diverse ecosystem.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Flora<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Rich in vegetation, including herbs, grasses, and bamboo forests.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Fauna<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Home to a wide array of wildlife, such as: Hyenas, chital (spotted deer), black buck, sambar, jackal, wild boar, wild cat, bear, and blue bull, Peacock, Monkeys etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h32\"><\/a>Desert National Park (DNP)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Location-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It is situated in the Thar Desert, near Jaisalmer, Rajasthan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Major lakes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Rajbaugh Lake, Malik Talao, and Padam Talao.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">One of the most interesting features of the DNP is the<\/span><b> presence of fossils from the Jurassic Period<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Vegetation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; It falls under the thorn forest type. It has sparse vegetation with open grasslands, thorny bushes, plantations, and sand dunes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Flora<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; Dominant tree species: Dhok, Ronj, Salai, and Palm. <\/span><b>Khejri (Prosopis cineraria)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is widely found and is protected by the Bishnoi community.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Fauna<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Key species<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Chinkara, Desert Fox, Bengal Fox, Indian Wolf, Desert Cat, Hare.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is home to the endangered <\/span><b>Great Indian Bustard<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, found in relatively fair numbers.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h33\"><\/a>Bhitarkanika National Park<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Location<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: It is located in the Kendrapara district of Odisha.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The National Park is essentially a network of creeks and canals which are inundated with waters from the <\/span><b>Brahmani, Baitarani, Dhamra, and Patasala rivers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> forming a unique ecosystem.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is<\/span><b> India\u2019s second largest mangrove ecosystem<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> after the Sunderbans..<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is also designated as the<\/span><b> second Ramsar site in Odisha after the Chilika Lake.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Flora<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Mangrove species, casuarinas, and grasses like the indigo bush.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Fauna:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is home to the largest congregation of the endangered <\/span><b>Salt Water Crocodile<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><b>Gahirmatha Beach<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which forms the boundary of the park in the east, is the largest colony of the <\/span><b>Olive Ridley Sea Turtles<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h34\"><\/a>Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary (BWS)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Location-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It spans over <\/span><b>Western Ghats<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in Belgaum district of Karnataka.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It has been named after Bhimgad Fort, constructed &amp; commanded by Shivaji in 17<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">th<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> century as a defence from Portuguese troops.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>It shares its boundary with the<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mollem National Park<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">BWS forms the headwaters of a number of rivers like <\/span><b>Tillari, Malaprabha &amp; Mhadei<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The forest is also famed for its <\/span><b>BARAPEDE CAVES<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> which serve as the only known breeding area of a threatened species on the verge of extinction called<\/span><b> Wroughton&#8217;s free-tailed bat<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Flora<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: It mainly comprises a combination of tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests and grasslands. It also hosts a number of medicinal plants.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Fauna:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Elephants, King Cobras, Wild Dogs, Foxes, Chitals, Spotted Deer, Sambar, Sloth Bear, Gaur, Leopards and Tigers.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h35\"><\/a>Ramadevara Betta Vulture Sanctuary<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Location<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Ramadevara Betta Hill Range, Ramanagara, Karnataka.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Significance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India\u2019s first and only vulture sanctuary, established in 2012.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Declared an Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ) in 2017 to protect endangered vultures.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Vulture Species Found<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Indian Long-Billed Vulture (Gyps indicus)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">White-Backed Vulture (Gyps bengalensis<\/span><b>)<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h36\"><\/a>Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Location<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: It Situated on the <\/span><b>Kaimur Hills plateau in kaimur district of bihar.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is flanked by the <\/span><b>Son River to the south<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and the <\/span><b>Karmanasa River to the west<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It spans across the Central Highlands (Satpura-Maikal Hills, Vindhya-Bagelkhand Hills) and the Chota Nagpur Plateau.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is part of the <\/span><b>Bandhavgarh-Sanjay-Guru Ghasidas- Palamau tiger landscape<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Vegetation Type<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Predominantly Northern Tropical Mixed Dry Deciduous Forests.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Flora<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Features plant species like Salai (Boswellia serrata), Siddha, Indian Rosewood (Sheesham), Jamun, Teak, Koraiya, Saal, and Jheengar<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Fauna<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Key species include leopards, wild boars, sloth bears, and others.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h37\"><\/a>Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Location:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It is part of the Godavari estuary, where the Coringa River merges with the Bay of Bengal in Andhra Pradesh\u2019s Kakinada district.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa Between this area and the sea \u201dHope Island\u201d blocks the direct confluence of the sea and Godavari.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa As a result, about 40% of the sanctuary is only sea\u2013backwaters and the rest of the area is intermingled with creeks and gets inundated with tidal waters.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Vegetation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It has extensive <\/span><b>mangrove and dry deciduous tropical forest<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. It is the second largest stretch of mangrove forests in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Flora:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Mangrove plants like <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rhizophora<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> spp, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Avicennia<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> spp, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sonnertia<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> spp, etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Fauna:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It is home to rare and endangered mammals like Smooth Indian otter, Fishing cat, Jackal, etc. Mangroves offer excellent habitat for birds like Black capped kingfisher, Brahminy kite, Sea gulls, Reef heron, Sand piper, etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h38\"><\/a>Ratapani Tiger Reserve<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Location:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It is situated in the Vindhyachal Mountain Ranges across Raisen and Sehore districts of Madhya Pradesh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Origin:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It was first declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1976, extended in 1983, and received approval from the NTCA to become a tiger reserve in 2008.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Rivers:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It runs parallel on the northern side of the Narmada River. The Kolar River forms the western boundary of the Sanctuary.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Vegetation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Dry deciduous and moist deciduous type<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Flora:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Teak (55 percent of area is covered by teak), Bamboo etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Fauna:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Tiger, leopard, Chinkara, sloth bear, hyena, spotted deer, sambar deer, paradise flycatcher (the state bird of Madhya Pradesh) among others.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Significance:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Sanctuary has Bhimbetka, a group of rock shelters and rock paintings, which is one of the \u201cWorld Heritage Site\u201d declared by UNESCO.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h39\"><\/a>Guru Ghasidas- Tamor Pingla Tiger Reserve<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Location:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Situated in the northern part of Chhattisgarh, bordering Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Size and Ranking:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The third-largest tiger reserve in India, after Nagarjunasagar-Srisailam (Andhra Pradesh) and Manas (Assam).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Connectivity:<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa Linked to Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve (Madhya Pradesh) to the west.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa Connected to Palamau Tiger Reserve (Jharkhand) to the east.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa Contiguous with the Sanjay Dubri Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Rivers:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It serves as the origin of significant rivers like Hasdeo Gopad and Baranga, and a catchment for other rivers such as Neur, Bijadhur, and Rehand.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Vegetation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The reserve has a mix of sub-tropical and deciduous forests.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Flora:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> sal, saja, dhavda, and kusum<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Fauna:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The reserve is home to 753 documented species, including 365 invertebrates and 388 vertebrates. It shelters 230 bird species and 55 mammal species including several threatened species.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h40\"><\/a>Hollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is an isolated protected area of evergreen forest.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Location <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; Jorhat district of Assam, India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Vegetation <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; Evergreen trees, shrubs, and herbs<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Flora <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa The upper canopy is dominated by the Hollong tree (Dipterocarpus macrocarpus)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa The middle canopy is dominated by the Nahar tree.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa The lower canopy consists of evergreen shrubs and herbs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Fauna<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa This Sanctuary contains India\u2019s only gibbons \u2013 the hoolock gibbons, and Northeastern India\u2019s only nocturnal primate \u2013 the Bengal slow loris.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa Other primates: stump-tailed macaque, northern pig-tailed macaque, eastern Assamese macaque, rhesus macaque, capped langur etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h41\"><\/a>Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is located along the northern boundary of Mandsaur and Nimach districts in Madhya Pradesh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is part of Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests ecoregion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chambal river passes through the sanctuary dividing it into two parts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Flora<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> &#8211; Khair, Salai, Dhawda, Kardhai, Tendu, Palash etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Fauna<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> &#8211; Deer, Nilgai, Sambar etc.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h42\"><\/a>Yellowstone National Park<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Location<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: It is an American national park located in the western United States.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Key features<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa It was the first national park in the U.S. and is also considered the world&#8217;s first national park.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa It is known for its wildlife and its many geothermal features, especially Old Faithful geyser.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa The park hosts the <\/span><b>Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa It became a<\/span><b> UNESCO World Heritage Site<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in 1978.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h43\"><\/a>Kalesar Wildlife Sanctuary<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Location<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: It is situated within the Yamunanagar District of Haryana.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Status<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: It was declared a national park in 2003.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Topography<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The landscape is characterized by narrow valleys known as \u2018khols\u2019 and seasonal rivulets called \u2018soats,\u2019 which remain dry for most of the year.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Flora<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Sal trees, Semul, Bahera, Amaltas, Shisham, Khair, Sain, Chhal, and Jhingan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Fauna<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Leopards, Ghoral, Barking deer, Sambar, Chital, Python, King Cobra, Monitor lizard, etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h44\"><\/a>Pench Tiger Reserve<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Location<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Spread across Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh in the southern Satpura hills.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Status<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Awarded the status of National Park in 1975, and Tiger Reserve in 1992.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Vegetation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The forests in Pench Tiger Reserve are classified into three types:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa South Indian Tropical Moist Deciduous (slightly moist)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa Southern Tropical Dry Deciduous Teak Forests<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa Southern Dry Mixed Deciduous Forest<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>River<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The Pench River flows through the middle of the park.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Flora<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Mahua, Palash, Teak, Neem, Bijiyasal, Dhaora, Amaltas<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Fauna<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Tiger, leopard, Gaur (Indian Bison), Sambar, Barking deer, Chousingha, Chinkara, and Wild boar.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Other key details<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa The Pench Tiger Reserve and its neighborhood is the original setting of Rudyard Kipling&#8217;s most famous work, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Jungle Book<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u25aa A description of its natural wealth and richness is also mentioned in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ain-i-akbari<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h45\"><\/a>Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Location<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">-It is located in the Bargarh district of Odisha, near the Hirakud Dam on the Mahanadi River.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Historical Significance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 This sanctuary holds historical significance due to its association with the renowned freedom fighter Veer Surendra Sai. During his uprising against British rule, he used Barapathara, a site within the sanctuary, as his base of operations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Vegetation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013\u00a0 The sanctuary primarily features dry deciduous mixed forests.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Flora<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 The major tree species found here include Sal, Asana, Bija, Aanla, and Dhaura.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Fauna:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Tigers, sloth bears, leopards, hyenas, spotted deer, antelopes, sambar, gaur, nilgai, bison, and langur monkeys.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h46\"><\/a>Mahuadanr Wolf Sanctuary<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Location<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 It is located in the Latehar district of Jharkhand.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It was declared a sanctuary in 1976.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Significance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 It is India\u2019s first and only wolf sanctuary, dedicated to the conservation of the Indian grey wolf (Canis lupus pallipes).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Association<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 The Sanctuary is an integral part of Palamau Tiger Reserve.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Wildlife<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 The sanctuary is home to many species of wild animals including spotted deer, wild boar, hyena, bear and wolf.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h47\"><\/a>Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Location<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: It is located in the Balasore district of Odisha, within the Eastern Ghats.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Area<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: It spans an area of 272 sq.km. and falls under the <\/span><b>Chota Nagpur Plateau region.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Conservation significance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: It forms a part of the Similipal-Kuldiha-Hadgarh Elephant Reserve, serving as an important corridor for elephant movement and conservation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Ecological connectivity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The sanctuary is ecologically linked to the <\/span><b>Simlipal Tiger Reserve<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> through the Nato and Sukhupada hill ranges.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Water systems<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The sanctuary is drained by the Kuldiha stream and its tributaries, which play a crucial role in maintaining the region\u2019s hydrological and ecological balance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Vegetation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The forest type is a mix of Peninsular Sal forests and moist mixed deciduous forests. It is bordered by the Nilgiri forest to the north and the Mayurbhanj forest to the west, forming a contiguous forest ecosystem.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Flora<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Prominent tree species include Sal (Shorea robusta), Jamun (Syzygium cumini), Piyasal (Pterocarpus marsupium), Bahera (Terminalia bellirica), Mango (Mangifera indica), and Simul (Bombax ceiba).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Fauna<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The sanctuary is home to a variety of wildlife, including elephants, wild cats, leopards, gaurs, long-tailed monkeys, and giant squirrels. Notable bird species found here include peafowl, hill mynas, and hornbills.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h48\"><\/a>Ranthambore National Park<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Location<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is located in Sawai Madhopur district of Rajasthan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is located at the junction of the Aravali and Vindhya hill ranges.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>River-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The park is bounded to the north by the Banas River and to the south by the Chambal River.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Connected wildlife sanctuary- <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kailadevi Wildlife Sanctuary and Sawai Mansingh Wildlife Sanctuary are connected to the core of Ranthambore NP by narrow corridors, forming part of the Tiger Reserve.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Vegetation- <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mixed Deciduous type<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Flora<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The most prevalent plant species in Ranthambore National Park is the \u201cDhok,\u201d scientifically known as Anogeissus pendula.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Other plant species include Banyan (Ficus bengalensis), Pipal (Ficus religiosa), Neem (Azadirachta indiaca), Babul (Accasia nilotica), Gum (Sterculia urens), etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Fauna<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>Tigers, leopards, striped hyenas, common or hanuman langurs, rhesus macaques, jackals, jungle cats, caracals, blackbuck, etc.<\/li>\n<li>It is also home to more than 270 bird species, such as the crested serpent eagle, painted francolin, and Indian paradise flycatcher.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h49\"><\/a>Bandipur National Park<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Location:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It is located in Chamarajanagar and Mysuru district (Karnataka) at the tri-junction area of the States of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Rivers: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is flanked by the Kabini River in the north and the Moyar in the south. The Nagu River runs through the park.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Climate and Vegetation- <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0It has a typical tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The park has a variety of biomes including dry deciduous forests, moist deciduous forests, and shrub-lands.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve:<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The park is part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, making it the largest protected area in Southern India and the largest habitat of Wild Elephants in South Asia.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It shares its boundary with 3 other National Parks, namely Nagarahole National Park (Karnataka), Wayanad National Park (Kerala), and Mudumalai National Park (Tamil Nadu).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Flora:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A wide range of timber trees including teak, rosewood, sandalwood, Indian-laurel, Indian Kino tree, and giant clumping bamboo.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Fauna:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Tigers (hosts the second highest Tiger population in India), Leopard, Dhole, Sambar, Sloth bear, Chital, and Blue Peafowl.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h50\"><\/a>Nagarahole National Park<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is located in Karnataka.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It <\/span><b>connects to the Western Ghats through Brahmagiri Wildlife Sanctuary<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. It extends towards the Eastern Ghats through Bandipur Tiger Reserve.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It <\/span><b>shares its borders with Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary in Kerala to the south<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and <\/span><b>Bandipur Tiger Reserve to the southeast<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Kabini Reservoir, located in the western part of the park, and the Taraka Reservoir, situated in the southeastern region, are the two major water bodies within the park.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The park is known for its high-density tiger population, ranking third in the country after Corbett and Kaziranga Tiger Reserves (As per All India Tiger Estimation -2022).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Flora:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It consists mainly of moist deciduous forests with predominating trees of teak and rosewood.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Fauna:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The park is home to a wide range of wildlife, including tigers, leopards, Asiatic wild dogs, and sloth bears, Asiatic elephants, gaur, sambar, chital, muntjac, four-horned antelope, wild pig, and mouse deer, as well as the South-western langur.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h51\"><\/a>Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Location: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0It is located in the southernmost end of the Western Ghats spanning the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0It was established in 2001 as a Biosphere Reserve and became part of the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves in 2016.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0It derives its name from the great Hindu Sage Agasthya muni, with its highest peak known as Agasthya Malai (1,868 metres).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Protected areas: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It encompasses the protected areas of-<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Climate and vegetation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It has a tropical monsoon climate with high rainfall (especially on the western slopes). Its ecosystem diversity includes tropical wet evergreen forests, moist deciduous forests, montane rain forests, and Shola.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Flora:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It is the habitat for over 2,250 plant species, including 405 endemic species and rare medicinal herbs (ex \u2013 Arogyapacha).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Fauna: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Animals include the Bengal tiger, Asian elephant, Nilgiri tahr, grizzled giant squirrel, and birds like the Great Indian hornbill.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Tribes: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0Agastyamalai is also home to the Kanikaran tribes, one of the oldest surviving ancient tribes in the world.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h52\"><\/a>Madhav National Park<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0It is located in the Shivpuri district of Madhya Pradesh, in the northern part of the state.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0It lies on the northern fringe of the Central Highlands, forming part of the Upper Vindhyan Hills with a mix of plateaus, valleys, and gentle slopes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0It was declared a National Park in 1958.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Historical Significance:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> George Castle, built by the Scindias for King George V, is a key historical site in the park..<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Vegetation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The forests of the park fall within the category of Northern tropical dry deciduous mixed forests as well as Dry Thorn Forests typical of North \u2013 Western Madhya Pradesh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Flora:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The park features key species like Kardhai, Salai, Dhaora, and Khair.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Fauna:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It is home to antelopes like Nilgai, Chinkara and Chowsinga and Deer including Chital, Sambar and Barking Deer. Animals like the Leopard, Wolf, Jackal, Fox, Wild Dog, Wild Pig, Porcupine, Python etc are also sighted in the park.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Water bodies:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The park has lakes, meadows, and forests. Sakhya Sagar and Madhav Sagar, two lakes in the south, support aquatic life and sustain land animals.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Madhav National Park is part of Project Tiger, which aims to protect and increase the tiger population in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h53\"><\/a>Kuno National Park<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Location:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Sheopur, Madhya Pradesh, near the Chambal region<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Established:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1981, upgraded to a national park in 2018<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It is named after the Kuno River, a significant tributary of the Chambal River that flows through its landscape.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Landscape:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Dry deciduous forest, grasslands, and hilly terrain<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Flora:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It is primarily dominated by Kardhai, Salai, and Khair trees within its mixed forests.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Fauna:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It is home to Cheetah (Reintroduced from Africa), Leopard, Indian wolf, striped hyena, Chital, sambar deer, nilgai, wild boar, Spotted Deer, Gaur, Chinkara, Rhesus Monkey, etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Birds:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Over 120 species, including vultures, owls, and kingfishers<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"h54\"><\/a>Kaziranga National Park<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Location:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Assam; covers approx. 1,032 sq km.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Unique Feature:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Largest undisturbed area in the Brahmaputra Valley floodplain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>UNESCO World Heritage Site:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Designated in 1985 for its rich wildlife, especially the one-horned rhinoceros.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Important Bird Area:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Recognized by BirdLife International for avifaunal conservation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Vegetation Types:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Alluvial inundated grasslands, alluvial savanna woodlands, tropical moist mixed deciduous forests, and tropical semi-evergreen forests.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Flora:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Includes Indian gooseberry, cotton tree, elephant apple, and diverse aquatic plants.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Fauna:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Known for rhinoceroses, tigers, elephants, wild buffaloes, swamp deer, and 480+ bird species.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Conservation Status:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Hosts <\/span><b>two-thirds of the world\u2019s great one-horned rhinoceroses<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (IUCN: Vulnerable).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a id=\"h55\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Species-Protected-Areas-in-News.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click here<\/a> to download pdf of Species + Protected areas in news<\/p>\n<p><em>To Read more about Prelims 20+ initiative<\/em>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/prelims20-a-free-initative-for-cse-prelims-2025\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-border-color\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In today\u2019s Prelims 20+, we focus on Species and Protected Areas in News\u2014a frequently tested theme in the Environment section of the UPSC Civil Services Examination. With growing conservation challenges, both iconic species and the protected areas they inhabit have been in the spotlight for various ecological, legal, and policy developments. Table of Content Species&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/day-3-prelims-20-species-protected-areas-in-news\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Day 3 Prelims 20+: Species+ Protected Areas in News<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10367,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12123],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-336176","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-prelims-20","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/336176","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10367"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=336176"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/336176\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=336176"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=336176"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=336176"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}