{"id":337563,"date":"2025-05-21T14:17:59","date_gmt":"2025-05-21T08:47:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/?p=337563"},"modified":"2025-05-28T18:28:58","modified_gmt":"2025-05-28T12:58:58","slug":"jayant-narlikar-and-steady-state-theory-of-the-universe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/jayant-narlikar-and-steady-state-theory-of-the-universe\/","title":{"rendered":"Jayant Narlikar and Steady-State Theory of the Universe"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>News<\/strong>: Professor Jayant Narlikar, an astrophysicist, passed away recently, is best known for his work on an alternative model of the universe, separate from the Big Bang. <strong>Jayant Narlikar and Steady-State Theory of the Universe<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>About \u2018Steady State\u2019 Theory of the Universe<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_337565\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-337565\" style=\"width: 405px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-337565\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Big_Bang_and_Steady-State_Theory.png?resize=405%2C228&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"405\" height=\"228\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Big_Bang_and_Steady-State_Theory.png?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Big_Bang_and_Steady-State_Theory.png?w=500&amp;ssl=1 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 405px) 100vw, 405px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-337565\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source &#8211; Wikipedia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>It was jointly proposed by <strong>Jayant Narlikar<\/strong> and <strong>Sir Fred Hoyle, <\/strong>so also known as the<strong> Hoyle-Narlikar theory.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It was a theory positing a <strong>timeless cosmos in which matter is continuously created<\/strong>, stood in <strong>contrast to the dominant \u2018Big Bang\u2019 model<\/strong>, which posits that the <strong>universe began at a single point<\/strong> in time.<\/li>\n<li>This theory maintains that the universe has always been, and would continue to be, the way it is \u2014 infinite in extent, <strong>without a beginning or an end<\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li>Unlike the <strong>Big Bang theory<\/strong> that suggests a definite beginning, and possibly an end, to the universe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>It <strong>acknowledged an expanding universe<\/strong>, which was experimentally verifiable, but proposed that the universe was <strong>able to maintain a constant density by continuously creating new matter<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Criticism of Einstein\u2019s general relativity equations<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In building this model, they also <strong>sought to modify Einstein\u2019s general relativity<\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li>In general relativity, gravity arises out of local curvature of space-time caused by heavy objects.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Hoyle and Narlikar proposed that <strong>gravity at any location in the universe could also be affected by far-away objects<\/strong>. In a way, all the matter everywhere in the universe contributes to gravity at any given place.<\/li>\n<li>In an expanding universe, the distribution of matter in the universe would change, and that would affect gravity at any given location.<\/li>\n<li>To keep <strong>gravity unchanged<\/strong>, Hoyle and Narlikar had to introduce <strong>the idea of constant creation of matter.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Decline of the theory<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The steady-state theory slowly lost out, with the emergence of <strong>new observations<\/strong> that fit the Big Bang model better e.g. the <strong>Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation in 1965.<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>CMB refers to the microwave radiation that fills the universe and is considered to be remnants of the Big Bang event.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Some of the work of <strong>Stephen Hawking and Roger Penrose on singularities<\/strong>, piled more evidence in support of the Big Bang theory.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Institutional contributions of Professor Jayant Narlikar<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>He played a pioneering role in establishing the <strong>Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA), Pune.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>National recognitions<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Padma Bhushan in 1965<\/li>\n<li>Padma Vibhushan in 2004<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>International recognitions<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>UNESCO Kalinga Prize for the popularisation of science in 1996<\/li>\n<li>Prix Jules Janssen from the French Astronomical Society in 2004<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Literary contributions<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A science-fiction story <strong>Dhoomaketu<\/strong> (The Comet)<\/li>\n<li>His autobiography <strong>Chaar Nagarantale Maze Vishwa (My Tale of Four Cities)<\/strong> was awarded the <strong>Sahitya Akademi Prize<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>News: Professor Jayant Narlikar, an astrophysicist, passed away recently, is best known for his work on an alternative model of the universe, separate from the Big Bang. Jayant Narlikar and Steady-State Theory of the Universe About \u2018Steady State\u2019 Theory of the Universe It was jointly proposed by Jayant Narlikar and Sir Fred Hoyle, so also&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/jayant-narlikar-and-steady-state-theory-of-the-universe\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Jayant Narlikar and Steady-State Theory of the Universe<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10393,"featured_media":337565,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1566,1738,12039,11210],"tags":[11872],"class_list":["post-337563","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-daily-factly-articles","category-science-and-technology-daily-factly-articles","category-knolls","category-personalities-in-news","tag-9pm-daily-factly","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Big_Bang_and_Steady-State_Theory.png?fit=500%2C281&ssl=1","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/337563","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10393"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=337563"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/337563\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/337565"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=337563"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=337563"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=337563"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}