{"id":340767,"date":"2025-06-18T13:09:36","date_gmt":"2025-06-18T07:39:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/?p=340767"},"modified":"2025-06-18T21:10:14","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T15:40:14","slug":"psir-power-50-day-13-capsule-wpt-part-3-3-practice-qs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/psir-power-50-day-13-capsule-wpt-part-3-3-practice-qs\/","title":{"rendered":"PSIR Power 50 \u2013 Day 14 Capsule: WPT- (Part-3\/3) + Practice Qs"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hello everyone, we are concluding the section A of Paper 1, I will make the compilation available in the platform<\/p>\n

Today it\u2019s the third and last part of Western Political thought\u2013Marx, Gramsci, Hannah Arendt. <\/strong>Across Karl Marx, Antonio Gramsci, and Hannah Arendt, <\/strong>you have 2 ten-mark, 6 fifteen-mark, and 3 twenty-mark questions <\/strong>in the last 12 years.<\/p>\n

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  1. Karl Marx<\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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     <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    THEME <\/strong><\/td>\nCORE IDEAS & KEYWORDS<\/strong><\/td>\nPRINCIPAL TEXTS \/ STAGES<\/strong><\/td>\nSCHOLARS & INTERLOCUTORS<\/strong><\/td>\nSHORT ANALYTIC NOTES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1. Marx in Context<\/strong><\/td>\nIndustrial Revolution, Enlightenment science, emancipation, critique of dogma<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nHegel, Feuerbach, Young Hegelians, French Revolution<\/strong><\/td>\nTurns Hegel\u2019s \u201cIdea-first\u201d dialectic into historical materialism<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    2. Works<\/strong><\/td>\nYoung Marx<\/em> \u2192 alienation; Mature Marx<\/em> \u2192 capitalism critique<\/td>\nEPM 1844<\/em>, German Ideology<\/em>, Manifesto<\/em> (1848), Grundrisse<\/em>, Das Kapital<\/em> I-III<\/td>\nEngels<\/strong> (co-author)<\/td>\nDevelopment from humanism \u2192 scientific socialism<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    3. Religion<\/strong><\/td>\n\u201cOpium of the masses\u201d, false consciousness, symptom not cause, liberation from alienation<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nFeuerbach<\/strong>, Hegel<\/strong><\/td>\nPositive: solace \/ moral protest; Negative: mystifies exploitation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    4. Political-Economy<\/strong><\/td>\nLabour-theory of value, private property vs. human essence, greed & competition<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nDavid Ricardo<\/strong>, John Locke<\/strong><\/td>\nPolitical economy naturalises bourgeois interests<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    5. Alienation<\/strong><\/td>\nFrom product, process, species-being, fellow-men<\/td>\nEPM 1844<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nRooted in commodified labour & private property<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    6. Historical Materialism<\/strong><\/td>\nForces \u00d7 relations of production, dialectic, scientific history<\/td>\nGerman Ideology<\/em><\/td>\nEngels<\/strong> (systematises)<\/td>\nFirst act of history = production, not thought<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    7. Mode of Production<\/strong><\/td>\nPrimitive Communism \u2192 Slavery \u2192 Feudalism \u2192 Capitalism<\/strong> \u2192 Socialism \u2192 Communism<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nChange when forces outgrow relations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    8. Base \/ Super-structure<\/strong><\/td>\nBase = economic structure; Super-structure = state, law, ideas<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nCritics tag Marx \u201ceconomic determinist\u201d; Marx: consciousness = material reflection<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    9. Class<\/strong><\/td>\nBourgeoisie vs Proletariat, \u201cclass-in-itself \u2192 class-for-itself\u201d<\/td>\nManifesto<\/em><\/td>\nProudhon<\/strong> (criticised), Gramsci<\/strong>, Luk\u00e1cs<\/strong> (later)<\/td>\nHistory = class struggle; proletariat abolishes all classes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    10. Surplus Value<\/strong><\/td>\ns = (c+v+s) \u2013 (c+v)<\/strong>; unpaid labour; reserve army of labour<\/td>\nDas Kapital<\/em><\/td>\nLenin<\/strong>: \u201ccorner-stone\u201d<\/td>\nDrives profit; intensified by machinery, immigration, layoffs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    11. Ideology<\/strong><\/td>\nMasks domination; moral justification of status quo<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nAlthusser<\/strong>, Gramsci<\/strong> (hegemony)<\/td>\nIncludes religion, nationalism, law, media<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    12. Commodity Fetishism<\/strong><\/td>\nSocial relations appear as relations between things<\/td>\nDas Kapital<\/em> ch. 1<\/td>\nLuk\u00e1cs<\/strong> (reification)<\/td>\nValue seems inherent to commodity, obscuring labour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    13. Analysis of Capitalism<\/strong><\/td>\nPrivate ownership, wage-labour commodity, hierarchical division, crises, monopoly<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nRosa Luxemburg<\/strong>, Henryk Grossman<\/strong>, David Harvey<\/strong> (crisis theories)<\/td>\n\u201cCapitalists dig their own graves\u201d; impoverishment reduces demand<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    14. Crisis Drivers<\/strong><\/td>\nOver-production, under-consumption, profit-squeeze, market limits<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nLeads to revolutionary conditions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    15. Revolution<\/strong><\/td>\nObjective (proletariat) + Subjective (class consciousness)<\/td>\nManifesto<\/em>, 18th Brumaire<\/em><\/td>\nLenin<\/strong> (vanguard), Mao<\/strong>, Castro<\/strong><\/td>\nDictatorship of proletariat as transition; abolishes private property<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    16. Communist Vision<\/strong><\/td>\nCommon ownership, \u201cfrom each\u2026 to each\u2026\u201d, end of alienation, withering away of state & money, union of town\/country<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nHighest realm of freedom; human self-realisation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    17. Modern Echoes<\/strong><\/td>\nRising inequality, Piketty\u2019s Capital 21c<\/em>, ecological Marxism, world-systems<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nThomas Piketty<\/strong>, Samir Amin<\/strong>, Immanuel Wallerstein<\/strong>, John Bellamy Foster<\/strong><\/td>\nNeo-Marxist, dependency & eco-Marxist renewals<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    18. Critiques<\/strong><\/td>\nEconomic determinism, prediction failures, authoritarian outcomes<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nMax Weber<\/strong>, Karl Popper<\/strong>, Isaiah Berlin<\/strong>, Bertrand Russell<\/strong><\/td>\nYet Marx\u2019s lens on exploitation & crisis still frames inequality debates<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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    One-glance Timeline<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Year<\/strong><\/td>\nMilestone<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    1818<\/strong><\/td>\nBirth in Trier<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1844<\/strong><\/td>\nEconomic & Philosophic Manuscripts<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1848<\/strong><\/td>\nCommunist Manifesto<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1867<\/strong><\/td>\nDas Kapital<\/em> Vol. I<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1883<\/strong><\/td>\nDeath; Vol. II-III edited by Engels<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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    Essential Formulae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Concept<\/strong><\/td>\nExpression<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Surplus Value<\/td>\nSV = Value (output) \u2013 Wages (v)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Rate of Exploitation<\/td>\ns \/ v<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Organic Composition of Capital<\/td>\nc \/ v<\/strong> (trend \u2191)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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      \n
    1. Gramsci<\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u00a0<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      THEME<\/strong><\/td>\nCORE IDEAS & KEYWORDS<\/strong><\/td>\nTEXTS \/ EVENTS \/ EXAMPLES<\/strong><\/td>\nSCHOLARS & CROSS-REFERENCES<\/strong><\/td>\nSHORT ANALYTIC TAKE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Bio & Setting<\/strong><\/td>\nSardinia \u2192 Turin \u2192 Moscow; founder PCI; arrested 1926; Prison Notebooks<\/em> (1929-35)<\/td>\n1913 universal-suffrage vote; 1921 PCI; Mussolini\u2019s \u201c\u2026prevent this mind from functioning<\/strong>\u201d<\/td>\nRosa Luxemburg<\/strong> (mass-strike model)<\/td>\nSought to explain why<\/em> Marx\u2019s predicted revolution stalled in West<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Gramsci\u2019s Main Concern<\/strong><\/td>\nFailure of proletarian revolution; role of culture<\/em>; \u201cHegelian-Marxism\u201d, historic bloc<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nMarx<\/strong>, Hegel<\/strong>, Lenin<\/strong> (state & revolution)<\/td>\nShifts Marxism from economic determinism \u2192 cultural strategy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      On Marx<\/strong><\/td>\nAccepts exploiters \/ exploited; rejects crude base-determinism; adds ideology, consent<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nAlthusser<\/strong> (parallel anti-economism)<\/td>\nBourgeoisie rules by hegemony<\/em> + coercion, not production alone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Domination vs Hegemony<\/strong><\/td>\nPower = coercion (state) + consent (civil society); hegemony = leadership through \u201ccommon sense\u201d<\/td>\nGandhian \u201cWhite Man\u2019s Burden\u201d analogy<\/td>\nRoger Simon<\/strong> on coercion+persuasion<\/td>\nUntil hegemony cracked, no revolution possible \u2192 build counter-hegemony<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Intellectuals<\/strong><\/td>\nTraditional<\/em> (priests, professors) claim neutrality; Organic<\/em> emerge with each class; craft ideology<\/td>\nChurch backing feudalism \u2192 shifts to bourgeoisie<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nBoth strata reproduce ruling-class worldview; workers need organic<\/em> cadre for counter-hegemony<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      War of Maneuver \/ War of Position<\/strong><\/td>\nManeuver = frontal assault (works in \u201ctransparent\u201d states e.g. Czarist Russia); Position = trench-war in \u201copaque\u201d West (ideological grind)<\/td>\nMass-strike, general strike vs. slow cultural work<\/td>\nRosa Luxemburg<\/strong> source on mass-strike<\/td>\nIn liberal democracies civil-society fortress demands War of Position first<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      State & Civil Society<\/strong><\/td>\n\u201cIntegral State\u201d = Political Society (coercive armour) + Civil Society (private hegemony)<\/td>\nSchools, Church, Media, Parties<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nCivil society = trench system shielding state; socialists must burrow inside<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Historic Bloc<\/strong><\/td>\nAlliance + compromise among classes under bourgeois leadership; grants consent<\/td>\nFordism in USA = industrial capitalism + unions + culture<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nRevolution needs new<\/em> bloc led by proletariat, uniting oppressed strata<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Counter-Hegemony Strategy<\/strong><\/td>\nBuild working-class ideology, occupy civil-society nodes, win common sense<\/em><\/td>\nTrade-union culture, workers\u2019 press, popular education<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nExtended passive revolution until tipping-point for maneuver<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Comparison: Marx vs Gramsci<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nMarx<\/strong>: economic base, coercion, mono-causal, civil society derivative | Gramsci<\/strong>: integral state, culture+economy, autonomy of superstructure, hegemony, war-of-position<\/td>\nSee grid below<\/strong><\/td>\nAdds ideological layer to materialist dialectic; plural causal chain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Evaluation \/ Legacy<\/strong><\/td>\nFramework for cultural studies, post-colonialism, subaltern studies, Neo-Marxism<\/td>\nStuart Hall<\/strong>, Edward Said<\/strong>, Ranajit Guha<\/strong><\/td>\nCritics: vagueness of hegemony; optimism re civil-society capture<\/td>\nExplains stability of capitalism without abandoning revolutionary horizon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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      Comparison Grid (Marx <\/strong>\u25b6<\/strong>\ufe0e Gramsci)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Axis<\/strong><\/td>\nKarl Marx<\/strong><\/td>\nAntonio Gramsci<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Core Power<\/td>\nEconomic base controls superstructure<\/td>\nIntegral state: base + superstructure inter-determine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Key Concept<\/td>\nSurplus value; class struggle<\/td>\nCultural Hegemony<\/strong>; historic bloc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Strategy<\/td>\nDirect seizure of state (Paris Commune model)<\/td>\nWar of Position<\/strong> \u2192 cultural trenches \u2192 War of Maneuver<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Intellectuals<\/td>\nIdeologists of ruling class (no autonomy)<\/td>\nTraditional \/ Organic<\/strong>; pivotal for consent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Civil Society<\/td>\nPart of superstructure, little autonomy<\/td>\nSemi-autonomous \u201ctrench-system\u201d legitimizing rule<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Revolution Trigger<\/td>\nEconomic contradictions, pauperization<\/td>\nIdeological crisis, disarticulation of hegemony<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Determinism<\/td>\nLabelled \u201ceconomic determinist\u201d by critics<\/td>\nMulti-causal: economy + culture + politics<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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      Hannah Arendt (1906-1975)<\/strong><\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      <\/td>\nArendt\u2019s Core Formulations<\/strong><\/td>\nPrincipal Texts & Episodes<\/strong><\/td>\nLinked Notions \/ Scholars \/ Notes<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Biographical Frame<\/strong><\/td>\nGerman-Jewish \u00e9migr\u00e9; student of Martin Heidegger<\/strong>, Karl Jaspers<\/strong>; fled Nazism (1933), interned at Gurs, arrived U.S. 1941; taught at Chicago, New School.<\/td>\nRahel Varnhagen<\/em> (1933, revised 1958) as intellectual autobiography.<\/td>\nEarly Zionist activism; insisted on being a \u201cpolitical theorist\u201d, not a philosopher.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Method\u2010Signature<\/strong><\/td>\n\u201cThinking without banisters\u201d: phenomenological description, historical genealogy, emphasis on experience<\/em> not system<\/em>. Rejects both scientistic social theory & metaphysical idealism.<\/td>\nPrefaces, Between Past and Future<\/em> (1961)<\/td>\nS. Benhabib<\/strong>: reflective judgement; Dana Villa<\/strong>: \u2018agonistic humanism\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Totalitarianism<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2013 New form<\/em> of domination: fusion of ideology<\/strong> + terror<\/strong>.
      \n\u2013 Atomises masses through loneliness<\/strong>; deploys \u201cobjective enemies\u201d.
      \n\u2013 Destroyed traditional class interest; replaces law with movement.<\/td>\n      		The Origins of Totalitarianism<\/em> (1951)<\/td>\nBorrowed \u201cradical evil\u201d from Kant<\/strong>; dialogue with Raymond Aron<\/strong>, C. J. Friedrich<\/strong>, Zbigniew Brzezinski<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u201cBanality of Evil\u201d<\/strong><\/td>\nAdolf Eichmann embodied evil born of thoughtlessness<\/em> not demonic will; ordinary functionary obeying routine.<\/td>\nEichmann in Jerusalem<\/em> (1963) (\u201creport on the banality of evil\u201d).<\/td>\nFierce debate: Gershom Scholem<\/strong>, Hans Jonas<\/strong>, B. Hannah<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Human Condition<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2013 Tripartite vita activa<\/em>: labor<\/strong> (biological metabolism & necessity), work<\/strong> (world-objectivity, durability), action<\/strong> (speech-deed \/ plurality \/ freedom).
      \n\u2013 Natality<\/strong> (\u201ccapacity to begin\u201d) grounds politics; plurality = condition of action.
      \n\u2013 Space of appearance = public realm where power is actualised.<\/td>\n      		The Human Condition<\/em> (1958)<\/td>\nCritiqued by Sheldon Wolin<\/strong> for nostalgia; extended by Peg Birmingham<\/strong> on natality.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Public vs Private<\/strong><\/td>\nPrivate = household, necessity; Social = modern blurring; Public = realm of freedom, opinion, remembrance.<\/td>\nHC \u00a7\u00a722-28<\/td>\nResonates with Aristotle<\/strong>\u2019s oikos\/polis.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Power & Violence<\/strong><\/td>\nPower = in concert<\/em> action, non-instrumental; Violence = instrumental, parasitic, appears when power falters.<\/td>\nEssay \u201cOn Violence\u201d (1970) (in Crises of the Republic<\/em>)<\/td>\nDialogue with Weber<\/strong>, Fan\u00f3n<\/strong>, C. Wright Mills<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Authority<\/strong><\/td>\nRoman model: founded, augmented by tradition; crisis of authority after modern revolutions.<\/td>\n\u201cWhat Is Authority?\u201d in Between Past and Future<\/em><\/td>\nLinks to Weber<\/strong> legitimation types.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Freedom<\/strong><\/td>\nTo begin anew<\/em> in plurality; not will-based but public act<\/em>; experienced in council system<\/em> (soviets, workers\u2019 councils).<\/td>\nOn Revolution<\/em> (1963)<\/td>\nPrefers American town-hall origins > French Jacobin model; H. Kurzke<\/strong> notes republican lineage.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Revolution<\/strong><\/td>\nMeasures success by institution of freedom not social question; lauds \u201clost treasure\u201d of councils.<\/td>\nOR<\/td>\nResponds to Marx<\/strong> (social) & Tocqueville<\/strong> (virtue).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Judgement<\/strong><\/td>\nFaculty that reconciles thinking & acting; enlarged mentality (Kant\u2019s<\/em> \u00a740); judging without predetermined rules.<\/td>\nLectures on Kant\u2019s Political Philosophy<\/em> (posth. 1982); projected vol. 3 of The Life of the Mind<\/em><\/td>\nDeveloped by Ronald Beiner<\/strong>, Linda Zerilli<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      The Life of the Mind<\/strong><\/td>\n3 faculties: Thinking<\/strong> (withdrawal), Willing<\/strong> (temporal intent), Judging<\/strong> (worldly). Only first two completed (1978).<\/td>\nLOM vol. I-II<\/td>\nEngages Augustine<\/strong>, Heidegger<\/strong>, Sartre<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Civil Disobedience & Lying<\/strong><\/td>\nWarned of \u201cimages, clich\u00e9s\u201d and administrative lies in modern polity.<\/td>\n\u201cLying in Politics\u201d (Pentagon Papers essay, 1971)<\/td>\nAnticipates post-truth critiques (cf. Habermas<\/strong>, Arendtian scholars<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Concept of the \u201cPariah\u201d<\/strong><\/td>\nPositive marginal identity; conscious pariah (e.g., Kafka<\/strong>) can illuminate injustice.<\/td>\nThe Jew as Pariah<\/em> essays<\/td>\nAdopted by Julia Kristeva<\/strong> (Hannah Arendt, 2001<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Critique of Marx<\/strong><\/td>\nAccepts Marx\u2019s uncovering of social question but faults reduction of politics to labour & historical necessity; praises council moments overlooked by Marx\u2019s party focus.<\/td>\nOR,HC<\/td>\nGeorge Kateb<\/strong>: Arendt as \u201cpost-Marxist republican\u201d.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Influence \/ Reception<\/strong><\/td>\nFeminist theory (Iris M. Young<\/strong>, Bonnie Honig<\/strong>), deliberative democracy (J\u00fcrgen Habermas<\/strong>), post-foundational politics (Chantal Mouffe<\/strong>), memory studies (Aleida Assmann<\/strong>).<\/td>\nSecondary works: Margaret Canovan<\/strong>, Dana Villa<\/strong>, Seyla Benhabib<\/strong>, Roger Berkowitz<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Major Critiques<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022 Elitism & nostalgia for Greek polis (Wolin<\/em>, Pitkin<\/em>).
      \n\u2022 Insufficient attention to race\/class (critiqued by Cedric Robinson<\/strong>, Angela Davis<\/strong>).
      \n\u2022 \u201cBanality\u201d charge seen as moral relativism.<\/td>\n      		<\/td>\nYet her analysis of totalitarian mechanisms & public freedom remains widely cited in contemporary authoritarian and post-truth studies.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Concise Comparison: Marx <\/strong>\u2b0c<\/strong> Arendt<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      <\/td>\nMarx<\/strong><\/td>\nArendt<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Historical Motor<\/td>\nClass struggle, material forces<\/td>\nAction<\/em> & natality create history; contingency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Labor<\/td>\nProductive essence; alienated<\/td>\nMere life-maintenance, below political dignity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Freedom<\/td>\nAchieved after abolishing exploitation<\/td>\nExercised here-and-now<\/em> in public plurality<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Power<\/td>\nControl of productive apparatus<\/td>\nAppears when people act together; not property<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Revolution<\/td>\nInevitably proletarian, socio-economic<\/td>\nPossible, fragile; judged by creation of public freedom<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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      Evaluation & Contemporary Relevance<\/strong><\/p>\n