{"id":342068,"date":"2025-07-05T13:26:19","date_gmt":"2025-07-05T07:56:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/?p=342068"},"modified":"2025-07-16T17:13:30","modified_gmt":"2025-07-16T11:43:30","slug":"psir-power-50-day-28-capsule-state-in-comparative-perspective-practice-qs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/psir-power-50-day-28-capsule-state-in-comparative-perspective-practice-qs\/","title":{"rendered":"PSIR Power 50 \u2013 Day 28 Capsule: STATE IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE + Practice Qs"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Today\u2019s revision capsule of PSIR optional preparation covers STATE IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE.<\/strong> There are one 20-markers, two 15-markers, and four \u00a010-markers<\/strong> from this topic in the last 12 years.<\/p>\n

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THE STATE \u2014 A COMPARATIVE VIEW<\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/td>\nCAPITALIST CORE (advanced)<\/strong><\/td>\nSOCIALIST \/ COMMUNIST<\/strong><\/td>\nDEVELOPING \/ POST-COLONIAL<\/strong><\/td>\nAUTHORITARIAN VARIANTS<\/strong><\/td>\nCOLLAPSE \/ GLOBAL TRANSFORM<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Foundational Charter<\/strong><\/td>\nWestphalia<\/strong> \u2192 territorial-sovereign state; private property central.<\/td>\nMarx \u2192 Lenin<\/strong>: state = \u201cexecutive committee of bourgeoisie\u201d; must be smashed \u2192 dictatorship of proletariat<\/em> \u2192 eventual withering (Engels).<\/td>\nBorders & bureaucracy imposed by empire (Alavi \u201cover-developed\u201d state).<\/td>\nFascist \/ Totalitarian<\/strong> (Gentile, Hitler): unitary, organic, mobilising; Bureaucratic-Authoritarian<\/strong> in Latin America (O\u2019Donnell).<\/td>\nFailed<\/em> state (Rotberg) loses coercive monopoly; \u201crogue\u201d label in US policy; sovereignty eroded by globalisation (Bell).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Legitimate Power<\/strong> (Weber)<\/td>\nRational-legal<\/em>; rule-of-law; separation-of-powers (Locke; Montesquieu).<\/td>\nRevolutionary-legal<\/em>; one-party vanguard (Lenin), later bureaucratic ossification (Trotsky critique, Miliband).<\/td>\nMixed: patrimonial ties + formal legality \u2192 neo-patrimonial<\/strong> (Shivji, Leys).<\/td>\nCharismatic \/ traditional<\/strong> fused with mass-party and terror (Friedrich\u2013Brzezinski six-point syndrome).<\/td>\nAuthority vacuum; militias & MNCs fill gap; IMF conditionalities curb autonomy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Economic Governance<\/strong><\/td>\nNight-watchman (Smith) \u2192 Keynesian welfare (Hobhouse, Keynes) \u2192 Neo-liberal rollback (Hayek, Nozick).<\/td>\nCentral planning; collective ownership; later market-socialism or state capitalism (China, Vietnam).<\/td>\nDevelopmental state aspiration (Johnson; Evans) but dependency constraints (Frank, Amin).<\/td>\nCorporatist control of capital\/labour (Gentile; Nazi autarky); in B-A regimes technocrats + multinationals.<\/td>\nIMF SAPs shift decisions abroad; supply-chain global firms out-scale state tax reach.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Class & Hegemony<\/strong><\/td>\nPluralists (Dahl) see dispersed power; Gramsci<\/strong> shows civil-society hegemony; Poulantzas<\/strong>: relative state autonomy.<\/td>\nProletariat vs bourgeoisie; state as repressive apparatus; Althusser<\/strong> adds Ideological State Apparatuses.<\/td>\nTriple alliance: local elites, military-bureaucracy, foreign capital (Alavi).<\/td>\nElite circulation (Pareto, Mosca, Michels); mass atomised via propaganda.<\/td>\nFragmented, identity-based conflict; humanitarian intervention debates.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Citizenship \/ Rights<\/strong><\/td>\nLiberal-democratic expansion: Paine (manhood suffrage), Wollstonecraft (gender), welfare entitlements.<\/td>\nRights subordinated to class struggle; later constitutions codify social guarantees but suppress dissent.<\/td>\nPost-colonial constitutions promise socio-economic rights; delivery hampered by weak capacity.<\/td>\nRights conditional on loyalty; minorities persecuted.<\/td>\nHuman-rights regime pierces sovereignty; ICC, R2P norms.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Civil Society<\/strong><\/td>\nTocqueville\u2019s associations buffer state; strong parties, media.<\/td>\nParty absorbs society; grassroots organs initially (soviets) later marginalized.<\/td>\nOften thin; NGOs, ethnic networks replace absent welfare.<\/td>\nSubordinated or corporatised.<\/td>\nINGOs, digital networks transcend state borders.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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KEY THEORETICAL LINES <\/strong><\/p>\n