{"id":34272,"date":"2018-10-30T16:42:55","date_gmt":"2018-10-30T11:12:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=34272"},"modified":"2018-10-30T16:42:55","modified_gmt":"2018-10-30T11:12:55","slug":"fewer-tb-deaths-in-india-who","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/fewer-tb-deaths-in-india-who\/","title":{"rendered":"Fewer TB deaths in India: WHO:"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.co.in\/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=1&amp;cad=rja&amp;uact=8&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjJlf26-5nXAhUIpY8KHd_7Bn4QqOcBCCUwAA&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Ffewer-tb-deaths-in-india-who%2Farticle19951534.ece&amp;usg=AOvVaw3RKeWX1buoNGIpyhtTP832\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fewer TB deaths in India: WHO<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Context:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to a report from the World Health Organisation (WHO), death from tuberculosis in India saw a good decline from last year.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also, the number of new cases saw a rise of 5% increase.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What is tuberculosis?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tuberculosis (TB) is a<\/span><b> multi-systemic infectious disease<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is <\/span><b>caused by a bacteria<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> called as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a <\/span><b>communicable disease<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What are the causes of tuberculosis?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Microscopic droplets:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria that spread from person to person through microscopic droplets released into the air.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This can happen when someone with the untreated, active form of tuberculosis coughs, speaks, sneezes, spits, laughs or sings.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>HIV and TB<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Infection with HIV suppresses the immune system, making it difficult for the body to control TB bacteria.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As a result, people with HIV are many times more likely to get TB and to progress from latent to active disease than are people who aren&#8217;t HIV positive.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drug-resistant TB: Another reason of tuberculosis is the increase in drug-resistant strains of the bacterium.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis emerge when an antibiotic fails to kill all of the bacteria it targets.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The surviving bacteria become resistant to that particular drug and frequently other antibiotics as well.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What are the different types of Tuberculosis?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are many types of tuberculosis, but the main two types are termed as:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Active tuberculosis infection: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">when the disease is actively producing symptoms and can be transmitted to other people.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Latent tuberculosis infection:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> when the person is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bacteria, but the bacteria is not producing symptoms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other forms of Tuberculosis are:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Pulmonary tuberculosis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> mainly infects the pulmonary system;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Cutaneous tuberculosis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has skin symptoms;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Miliary tuberculosis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> describes widespread small infected sites.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>WHO\u2019s treatment guidelines for drug-resistant tuberculosis:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The WHO treatment guidelines for drug-resistant tuberculosis (2016 update) contain policy recommendations on priority areas in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The revision is in accordance with the WHO requirements for the formulation of evidence-informed policy.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>The main highlights of the WHO guidelines, 2016-17 are:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A shorter MDR-TB treatment regimen is recommended under specific conditions;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Medicines used in the design of conventional MDR-TB treatment regimens are now reclassified to reflect updates in the evidence on their effectiveness and safety;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Specific recommendations are made on the treatment of children with rifampicin-resistant or MDR-TB based on a first-ever individual patient data meta-analysis;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recommendations on the role of surgery in MDR-TB case management are included.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What is the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP)?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP) is the state-run tuberculosis (TB) control initiative of the Government of India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As per the National Strategic Plan 2012\u201317, the program has a vision of achieving a \u201cTB free India&#8221;.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Objectives:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RNTCP <\/span><b>provides various free of cost, quality tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment services<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> across the country through the government health system.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The program uses the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommended <\/span><b>Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) strategy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and reaches over a billion people in 632 districts\/reporting units.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is also <\/span><b>responsible for carrying out the Government of India five year TB National Strategic Plans<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Loopholes in the program:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Though the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) has treated 10 million patients, the rate of decline has been slow.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RNTCP failed on universal access to early diagnosis and treatment and improving case detection.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also, India is far from reaching the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, i.e. reducing the number of deaths by 90% and TB incidence by 80% compared with 2015. \u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What is National Strategic Plan for tuberculosis 2017\u2013 2025?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The national strategic plan for tuberculosis elimination (2017-2025), has set a goal of \u201c<\/span><b>achieving a rapid decline in burden of TB, morbidity and mortality while working towards elimination of TB by 2025<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Highlights:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The TB control programme plans to <\/span><b>do away with the strategy of waiting for patients to walk in to get tested<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and instead engage in detecting more cases, both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The emphasis will be on <\/span><b>using highly sensitive diagnostic tests, undertaking universal testing for drug-resistant TB, reaching out to TB patients seeking care from private doctors and targeting people belonging to high-risk populations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The other priority is to <\/span><b>provide anti-TB treatment irrespective of where patients seek care from, public or private and ensure that they complete the treatment<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The TB control programme also talks of having in place <\/span><b>patient-friendly systems to provide treatment and social support<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fewer TB deaths in India: WHO: Context: According to a report from the World Health Organisation (WHO), death from tuberculosis in India saw a good decline from last year. Also, the number of new cases saw a rise of 5% increase. What is tuberculosis? Tuberculosis (TB) is a multi-systemic infectious disease. It is caused by&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/fewer-tb-deaths-in-india-who\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Fewer TB deaths in India: WHO:<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[555],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34272","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-test-1","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704957372},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34272","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34272"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34272\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34272"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34272"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34272"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}