{"id":34285,"date":"2018-10-30T16:45:39","date_gmt":"2018-10-30T11:15:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=34285"},"modified":"2018-10-30T16:45:39","modified_gmt":"2018-10-30T11:15:39","slug":"questions-over-delay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/questions-over-delay\/","title":{"rendered":"Questions over delay:\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/todays-paper\/tp-opinion\/questions-over-delay\/article19946458.ece\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Questions over delay<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Context:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With rising commotion in the Indian judiciary system, there should be no further delay in finalizing the MoP for the appointment of judges in the higher judiciary.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The MoP is on hold since 2015 owing to lack of consensus on several fronts between the judiciary and the government.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What is <\/b><b>The National Judicial Appointments Commission?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The 99th Constitutional amendment was introduced to propose National Judicial Appointment Commission (NJAC) to replace the collegiums system for the appointment of judges as invoked by the Supreme Court.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Parliament also passed the National Judicial Appointments Commission Act, 2014, to regulate the NJAC\u2019s functions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The NJAC will be responsible for making binding recommendations to the President for the appointment of judges as to the Supreme Court and High Courts.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Procedures for the selection of the Judges of the higher judiciary according to National Judicial Appointments Commission Bill, 2014:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The National Judicial Appointments Commission Bill, 2014, had laid down the following procedures for the selection of the Judges of the higher judiciary:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Supreme Court judges:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Chief Justice of India: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Commission shall recommend the senior-most judge of the Supreme Court for appointment as Chief Justice of India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is provided he\/she is considered fit to hold the office.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Supreme Court Judges: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Commission shall recommend names of persons on the basis of their ability, merit and other criteria specified in the regulations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Commission shall not recommend a person for appointment if any two of its members do not agree to such recommendation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>High Courts judges:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Chief Justices of High Courts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The Commission shall recommend a Judge of a High Court to be the Chief Justice of a High Court on the basis of seniority across High Court judges.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The ability, merit and other criteria of suitability as specified in the regulations would also be considered.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Appointment of other High Court Judges:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Commission shall seek nominations from Chief Justice of the concerned High Court for appointments of High Court Judges or forward a list of such names to the Chief Justice of the concerned High Courts for his\/her views.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In both cases, the Chief Justice of the High Court shall consult two senior most judges of that High Court and any other judges and advocates as specified in the regulations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Commission shall elicit the views of the Governor and Chief Minister of the state before making recommendations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Commission shall not recommend a person for appointment if any two members of the Commission do not agree to such recommendations.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What is the Collegium System?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Collegium system is one where the <\/span><b>Chief Justice of India and a forum of four senior-most judges of the Supreme Court recommend appointment and transfers of judges<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It has no place in the Indian Constitution.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The system was evolved through Supreme Court Judgment in the Three Judges Case.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Members:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Supreme Court collegium is <\/span><b>headed by the Chief Justice of India and comprises four other seniormost judges of the court<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A High Court collegium is led by its <\/span><b>Chief Justice and four other senior most judges of that court<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What is the three judge case?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>According to first judges case<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> chief justice of India does not have primacy over executive in the matter of appointment of judges of Supreme Court and High Courts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Second judges case decision<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> made the judiciary the \u2018de facto\u2019 appointing authority of themselves curtailing the power of council of ministers under <\/span><b>Article 74(1).<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>In third judges case, nine<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> judge Bench again confirmed that the opinion of the collegiums of judges have primacy in appointing \u00a0and transfer of judges of higher judiciary. In light of this decision detailed Memorandum of Procedure was prepared, which took the form of present collegiums system.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What problems Indian judiciary is facing today?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lack of judges <\/span><b>piles up a significant amount of cases<\/b> <b>which gets unnoticed for years<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lack of judges and inefficient management is the reason behind <\/span><b>delay in justice delivery<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Inadequate data on pending cases <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>lack of scientific maintenance <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of data makes it difficult to analyse problems and propose sustainable solutions for the judiciary.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Judicial proceedings are <\/span><b>prohibitively expensive<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> which is a major drawback for the under privileged one.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Judiciary <\/span><b>lacks expertise in dealing with new age problems<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like Corp Tax, Cyber laws, International treaties, Climate change and its conservative attitude is exploited and corrupt go scot free.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Corruption <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is also a major issue in judicial system as it is any other government department especially in lower courts increasing transparency and accountability corruption can be bought down.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Absence of separate Commercial Courts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to adjudicate on disputes of civil nature resulting in large number of pending civil suits related to various business and services related disputes in the high courts.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Way ahead:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The task of filling vacancies would be better served if a revised Memorandum of Procedure for appointments is agreed upon soon.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A screening system, along with a permanent secretariat for the collegium, would be ideal for the task.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The introduction of transparency should be backed by a continuous process of addressing perceived shortcomings. The present disclosure norm is a commendable beginning.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Judges need to be careful of in their discharge of duties, punctuality.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transparent appointment process, e-gov, judicial accountability and All India Judicial Service can be starting points in the much needed reformation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Questions over delay:\u00a0 Context: With rising commotion in the Indian judiciary system, there should be no further delay in finalizing the MoP for the appointment of judges in the higher judiciary. The MoP is on hold since 2015 owing to lack of consensus on several fronts between the judiciary and the government. What is The&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/questions-over-delay\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Questions over delay:\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[555],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34285","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-test-1","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704740967},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34285","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34285"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34285\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34285"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34285"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34285"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}