{"id":34291,"date":"2018-10-30T16:48:11","date_gmt":"2018-10-30T11:18:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=34291"},"modified":"2018-10-30T16:48:11","modified_gmt":"2018-10-30T11:18:11","slug":"experimental-vaccine-may-protect-against-hiv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/experimental-vaccine-may-protect-against-hiv\/","title":{"rendered":"Experimental vaccine may protect against HIV:"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.co.in\/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=1&amp;cad=rja&amp;uact=8&amp;ved=0ahUKEwil9uCqx5fXAhUDOY8KHZBmBpoQqOcBCCowAA&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fsci-tech%2Fhealth%2Fexperimental-vaccine-may-protect-against-hiv%2Farticle19944834.ece&amp;usg=AOvVaw2amByVXDEXR_jISdmmgn6b\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Experimental vaccine may protect against HIV<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Context:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scientists have developed a novel vaccine candidate that may prevent HIV infection by stimulating an immune response against sugars that form a protective shield around the virus.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What has the scientist found?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Researchers tried to create an HIV vaccine targeting gp120, but had little success as the sugar shield on HIV resembles sugars found in the human body and do not stimulate a strong immune response.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Over 60 strains of HIV exist and the virus mutates.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As a result, antibodies against gp120 from one HIV strain will not protect against other strains.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What is HIV?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HIV stands for Human Immuno-deficiency Virus.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HIV after entering the human body gradually destroys the immune system, i.e. the ability to fight infections\/diseases.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What is AIDS?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is the later stage of infection with HIV.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a condition in which a group of symptoms appear as the immune system becomes very weak.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What are causes of HIV\/AIDS?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The virus transmission is facilitated when either partner has other sexually transmitted disease (STDs).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The second mode is through the transfusion of HIV infected blood or the blood products.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The third mode is through infected blood in needles, syringes and other such instruments.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The third way is the transmission from an infected mother to her newborn.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What is National AIDS Control Programme (NACP)?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>The National AIDS Control Programme (NACP), launched in 1992<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, is being implemented as a comprehensive programme for prevention and control of HIV\/ AIDS in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Objectives:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The programme was enforced with an objective of <\/span><b>slowing down the spread of HIV infections so as to reduce morbidity, mortality and impact of AIDS in the country<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Over time, the focus has shifted from raising awareness to behaviour change, from a national response to a more decentralized response and to increasing involvement of NGOs and networks of People living with HIV (PLHIV).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>II, III and IV National AIDS Control Project:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>In November 1999, the second National AIDS Control Project (NACP II)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was launched to reduce the spread of HIV infection in India, and (ii) to increase India\u2019s capacity to respond to HIV\/AIDS on a long-term basis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>NACP III was launched in July 2007<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with the goal of Halting and Reversing the Epidemic over its five-year period.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>NACP IV, launched in 2012<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, aims to accelerate the process of reversal and further strengthen the epidemic response in India through a cautious and well defined integration process over the next five years.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Objectives of NACP IV:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Prevention services<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Intensifying and consolidating prevention services, with a focus on High Risk Groups (HRGs) and vulnerable population.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Intensive care<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Increasing access and promoting comprehensive care, support and treatment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>IEC services<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Expanding IEC services for (a) general population and (b) high risk groups with a focus on behaviour change and demand generation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Strengthening Strategic Information Management (SIM)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: SIM helps in businesses and organizations categorize, store, process and transfer the information they create and receive. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What is NACO?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) was established in 1992.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a division of India&#8217;s Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Objectives:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It provides leadership to HIV\/AIDS control programme in India through 35 HIV\/AIDS Prevention and Control Societies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is the nodal organisation for formulation of policy and implementation of programs for prevention and control of HIV\/AIDS in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What is the legislation for HIV\/AIDS?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The HIV and AIDS Bill, 2014 was passed by the Rajya Sabha on 21 March 2017.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Objectives: <\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It aims to end the epidemic by 2030 in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Bill has been drafted to safeguard the rights of people living with HIV and affected by HIV.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The provisions of the Bill seek to address HIV-related discrimination, strengthen the existing programme by bringing in legal accountability and establish formal mechanisms for inquiring into complaints and redressing grievances.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A person living with AIDS cannot be treated unfairly at employment, educational establishments, renting a property, standing for public or private office or providing healthcare and insurance services.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Bill also aims to enhance access to healthcare services by ensuring informed consent and confidentiality for HIV-related testing, treatment and clinical research.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every HIV infected or affected person below the age of 18 years has the right to reside in a shared household and enjoy the facilities of the household.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Bill also prohibits any individual from publishing information or advocating feelings of hatred against HIV positive persons and those living with them.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No person shall be compelled to disclose his\/her HIV status except with their informed consent, and if required by a court order.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The State and Central government should ensure prevention of the spread of HIV and AIDS, provide anti-retroviral therapy, and facilitate access to welfare schemes especially for women and children.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every person in the care and custody of the State shall have right to HIV prevention, testing, treatment and counseling services.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Bill suggest that cases relating to HIV positive persons shall be disposed&#8217; off by the court on a priority basis and duly ensuring the confidentiality.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Way forward:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is a need of major breakthrough in the research to produce a vaccine which would prevent and kill HIV enabling those who are affected, to lead a normal life.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Until then, protected sexual intercourse, regular tests, awareness and prevention will boost our chances of tackling the deadliest disease in history<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most importantly, the society should be more acceptable and free from the clutches of discrimination and hatred against the patient&#8217;s.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Experimental vaccine may protect against HIV: Context: Scientists have developed a novel vaccine candidate that may prevent HIV infection by stimulating an immune response against sugars that form a protective shield around the virus. What has the scientist found? Researchers tried to create an HIV vaccine targeting gp120, but had little success as the sugar&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/experimental-vaccine-may-protect-against-hiv\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Experimental vaccine may protect against HIV:<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[555],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34291","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-test-1","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34291","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34291"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34291\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34291"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34291"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34291"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}