{"id":344291,"date":"2025-08-11T17:23:33","date_gmt":"2025-08-11T11:53:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/?p=344291"},"modified":"2025-08-12T09:17:54","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T03:47:54","slug":"maratha-empire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/maratha-empire\/","title":{"rendered":"Maratha Empire"},"content":{"rendered":"

News:<\/strong> A map showing the extent of the Maratha Empire in 1759 in the new NCERT Class 8 social science textbook has run into a controversy. Maratha Empire history and rulers<\/strong><\/p>\n

About Maratha Empire<\/h2>\n
\"Maratha
Source – NCERT<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
    \n
  • The Marathas emerged as a formidable power in the 17th century<\/strong> in the Deccan region (modern-day Maharashtra).<\/li>\n
  • Founder:<\/strong> Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj (1630\u20131680),<\/strong> who established Hindavi Swarajya<\/strong> by challenging Mughal and Bijapur rule.<\/li>\n
  • Geographical extent:<\/strong> Initially<\/strong> centered in Maharashtra<\/strong>, the Maratha influence expanded to parts of Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, and beyond<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
  • Coronation and title:<\/strong> Shivaji assumed the title Chhatrapati in 1674 at Raigad Fort,<\/strong> marking the formal establishment<\/strong> of the Maratha Empire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Marathas after Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Shivaji had two sons<\/strong> – Sambhaji and Rajaram<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
    • Sambhaji\u2019s<\/strong> reign<\/strong>\n
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      • After Shivaji\u2019s death, Sambhaji became the Chhatrapati<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
      • The Marathas were then the only obstacle to total Mughal control<\/strong> of the Deccan.<\/li>\n
      • Aurangzeb invaded<\/strong> the Deccan and conquered<\/strong> the Bijapur (or Adil Shahi) and Golconda (or Qutb Shahi) Sultanates.<\/li>\n
      • He then captured Sambhaji<\/strong> and, after torturing him brutally, executed<\/strong><\/li>\n
      • After this, he captured Raigad<\/strong>, the Maratha capital.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • Rajaram\u2019s reign<\/strong>\n
          \n
        • After Sambhaji, Rajaram became the Chhatrapati<\/strong> and fled to Gingee (in present-day Tamil Nadu).<\/li>\n
        • Aurangzeb was unable<\/strong> to leave the Deccan and died<\/strong> without having succeeded in subduing the Marathas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
        • Decentralized empire<\/strong>\n
            \n
          • The centralised state from Shivaji\u2019s time gave way to a more decentralised structure<\/strong>, still nominally centred around the Chhatrapati<\/strong>, but with the chiefs wielding more power<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
          • In particular, the Peshwa<\/strong> (a Persian term for \u2018prime minister\u2019<\/strong>) wielded great influence, even over the Chhatrapati himself.<\/li>\n
          • In particular, Peshwa Bajirao I<\/strong> and his son Nanasaheb Peshwa were<\/strong> instrumental in the pan-Indian expansion of the Marathas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Important Battles of the Maratha Dynasty<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            Battles<\/strong><\/td>\nDescriptions<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Battle of Pratapgarh (1659)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\nFought between Marathas and Adilshahi forces<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Battle of Kolhapur (1659)<\/strong><\/td>\nFought between the Maratha king Shivaji and the Adilshahi forces<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Battle of Surat (1664)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\nFought between Maratha ruler Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and Inayat Khan, a Mughal captain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Battle of Purandar (1665)<\/strong><\/td>\nFought between the Maratha and the Mughal Empire<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Battle of Salher (1672)\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\nFought between the Maratha Empire and the Mughal Empire<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Battle of Sangamner (1679)<\/strong><\/td>\nFought between the Mughal Empire and Maratha Empire. This was the last battle fought by Shivaji.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            First Anglo-Maratha War (1775-82)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\nThe war ended with the Treaty of Salbai 1782.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-05)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\nTreaty of Bassein (1802<\/strong>) \u2013 Signed between Peshwa Baji Rao II and the British East India Company. Treaty of Deogaon (1803) \u2013 Signed between Raghuji Bhonsle II of Nagpur and Sir Arthur Wellesley of the British East India Company<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-19)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\nSome important treaties were signed. These were: Treaty of Poona (with the Peshwa), Treaty of Gwalior (with Sindhia), Treaty of Mandasor (with Holkar).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

             <\/p>\n

            Civilian administration<\/strong><\/p>\n