{"id":346090,"date":"2025-09-11T16:17:39","date_gmt":"2025-09-11T10:47:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/?p=346090"},"modified":"2025-09-11T16:17:39","modified_gmt":"2025-09-11T10:47:39","slug":"inclusive-growth-explained-pointwise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/inclusive-growth-explained-pointwise\/","title":{"rendered":"Inclusive Growth-Explained Pointwise"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-340262 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/What-is-Inclusive-Growth.png?resize=600%2C416&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"What is Inclusive Growth\" width=\"600\" height=\"416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/What-is-Inclusive-Growth.png?resize=300%2C208&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/What-is-Inclusive-Growth.png?resize=1024%2C709&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/What-is-Inclusive-Growth.png?resize=768%2C532&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/What-is-Inclusive-Growth.png?w=1300&amp;ssl=1 1300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>What is Inclusive Growth? <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>As per OECD<\/strong> (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development), <strong>inclusive growth<\/strong> is economic growth that is distributed fairly across society and creates opportunities for all.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"color: #000000;\">UNDP<\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> described it as \u201c<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">the process and the outcome where all groups of people have participated in growth and have benefited equitably from it<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Put simply, it refers to economic development that benefits all segments of society, ensuring equitable opportunities and outcomes for individuals regardless of their socio-economic background or circumstances.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #ebe89d;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Table of Contents<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#toc1\">What are the Major Components of Inclusive Growth?<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#toc2\">What is the situation of inclusive growth in India?<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#toc3\">What are the reasons behind lack of Inclusive Growth in India?<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#toc4\">What are the challenges in ensuring inclusive growth?<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#toc5\">What are the advantages of inclusive growth?<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#h1\">What are various government initiatives to ensure inclusive growth?<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#toc6\">What should be the Way Forward?<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000000;\"><span><strong>What are the Major Components of Inclusive Growth?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1) <strong>Reduced Poverty-<\/strong> Inclusive growth strives to reduce poverty by improving the poor\u2019s access to opportunities and resources.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2) <strong>Women\u2019s Empowerment-<\/strong> Since women are frequently left out of economic possibilities, inclusive growth aims to provide them more power through employment, education, and training.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3) <strong>Good Governance-<\/strong> Transparency, accountability, and efficient institutions that meet the demands of all citizens are essential for inclusive progress.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4) <strong>Education &amp; Skill Development-<\/strong> Building skills is a crucial component of inclusive growth because it paves the way for people to engage fully in the economy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5) <strong>Equal Opportunity-<\/strong> Inclusive growth works to level the playing field for everyone, regardless of socio-economic position, gender, race, or religion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6) <strong>Access to Basic Services-<\/strong> Inclusive growth seeks to guarantee that all citizens have access to basic services including healthcare, education, and sanitation. This access should include not only the quantity, but also quality, of these basic services.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">7) <strong>Employment Creation-<\/strong> To combat poverty and advance economic development, inclusive growth aims to increase employment, especially for disadvantaged and marginalised people.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">8) <strong>Addressing the Marginalised-<\/strong> Ensuring participation from all sections of society in the social, economic and political sphere.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">9) <strong>Reduction in Income Disparities-<\/strong> Among the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sections of society (Religion, Caste, etc.)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Rural-Urban Areas<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Genders<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000000;\"><span><strong><a id=\"toc2\" style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\"><\/a>What is the situation of inclusive growth in India?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">India is now one of the fastest-growing economies globally. However, this growth has not resulted in a corresponding increase in its <strong>Human Development Index (HDI)<\/strong>. According to the Human Development Report of 2023-24, India ranks 134 out of 193 countries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In the <strong>Inclusive Development Index (IDI)<\/strong>, 2018 compiled by the World Economic Forum (WEF), India ranked 62nd out of 74 emerging countries and was among the least inclusive countries in G20 countries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The <strong>&#8220;Public good or Private Wealth?&#8221; Report 2019<\/strong>, published by OxFam showed that India\u2019s top 10% holds 77.4% of the total national wealth, while the top 1% holds 51.53% of the wealth. The bottom 60% of the population holds only 4.8% of the national wealth.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000000;\"><span><strong><a id=\"toc3\" style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\"><\/a>What are the reasons behind lack of Inclusive Growth in India?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1) <strong>Historical reasons-<\/strong> Discrimination against certain sections of the society since historic times has affected their access to opportunities and to education, employment and health. Affirmative policies have been restricted to a few beneficiaries.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2)<strong> Gender Inequality-<\/strong> Females are treated as subordinate to males. Girl education is considered a burden on the family and women have limited choices in employment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3)<strong> Large-scale informal employment-<\/strong> 80% of the Indian labour force is employed in the informal sector. Informal sector jobs are more insecure without regular pay and social security benefits. This increases the wage gap between formal and informal sectors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4) <strong>Overdependence on Agriculture-<\/strong> A huge proportion of the population is still dependent on agriculture (~45% of the workforce) but the share of agriculture to the total GDP is falling.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5) <strong>Regional Disparities in Growth-<\/strong> Growth has been different across sectors and regions. For example, Green Revolution has disproportionately benefitted North-Western India when compared to Eastern India.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6) <strong>Globalisation-<\/strong> Studies show that globalization and opening up the economy has benefited the rich more than the poor, thus raising inequality.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">7) <strong>Jobless Growth-<\/strong> India experienced job growth of 3% p.a in the 1970s at a time when the economy grew at 3-3.5% p.a but over the last 3 decades the economy grew at over 5-8% p.a but job growth has been close to 1% p.a.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_275286\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-275286\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-275286\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/MicrosoftTeams-image-1.jpg?resize=600%2C405&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Inclusive Growth\" width=\"600\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/MicrosoftTeams-image-1.jpg?w=1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/MicrosoftTeams-image-1.jpg?resize=300%2C202&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/MicrosoftTeams-image-1.jpg?resize=768%2C518&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-275286\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Created by Forum IAS<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">8) <strong>Government Inefficiencies-<\/strong> This includes corruption, maladministration, red tapism etc. This prevents the optimum utilization of resources and creation of jobs.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Read More- <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/q2-what-is-inclusive-growth-what-are-the-positive-aspects-of-inclusive-growth-what-are-the-recent-reform-initiatives-by-government-for-greater-inclusion-also-discuss-the-challenges-behind-lack-of\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Inclusive Growth<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000000;\"><span><strong><a id=\"toc4\" style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\"><\/a>What are the challenges in ensuring inclusive growth?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1) <strong>Poverty-<\/strong> The Multidimensional Poverty Index 2024 places India first, with an estimated 23 crore people living in multidimensional poverty.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2) <strong>Uneven Distribution of Resources-<\/strong> Unfair resource allocation can thwart efforts to create inclusive growth. Examples of unfair resource distribution include wealth, land, and education.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3) <strong>Social and cultural obstacles- <\/strong>Marginalized groups may encounter social and cultural obstacles that restrict them from accessing opportunities and services, such as discrimination, exclusion, and gender inequity. For instance, Women often face barriers in accessing education, employment, and other opportunities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4) <strong>Weak institutional capacity-<\/strong> Policies and programmes aimed at promoting equitable growth may be less effective if there is a lack of proper implementation, infrastructure, functionaries, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5) <strong>Rural-Urban Divide-<\/strong> Disparities between urban and rural areas persist in terms of infrastructure, access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities. This gap has still not been bridged.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6) <strong>Unemployment and Underemployment-<\/strong> Creating enough jobs for the growing workforce, especially in sectors that absorb a large number of people like agriculture and manufacturing, remains a challenge. Many are employed in the informal sector without job security or proper benefits.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">7) <strong>Education and Skills Gap-<\/strong> Access to quality education and skill development is uneven across regions and socio-economic groups. This leads to a lack of skilled workers and limits opportunities for many individuals.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000000;\"><strong><span><a id=\"toc5\" style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\"><\/a>What are the advantages of inclusive growth?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ensuring inclusive growth leads to many advantages that positively impact both society and the economy. Some key advantages include:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1) <strong>Economic Stability and Sustainability-<\/strong> Inclusive growth contributes to economic stability by creating a more balanced distribution of wealth. When more people have access to resources and opportunities, it can lead to a more sustainable economic development trajectory.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2) <strong>Social Cohesion and Stability-<\/strong> Addressing disparities fosters a more cohesive society. It reduces social tensions arising from inequality, which can lead to a more stable and harmonious community.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3) <strong>Increased Human Capital Development-<\/strong> When marginalized groups have access to education and skill development, it enhances the overall human capital of the nation. Educated and skilled individuals contribute more effectively to economic growth and innovation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4) <strong>Expanded Consumer Base-<\/strong> Inclusive growth expands the consumer base by bringing more people into the formal economy. This leads to increased demand for goods and services, spurring economic growth.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5) <strong>Enhanced Political Stability-<\/strong> When people feel included in the economic and social fabric of society, it often translates to more stable political environments, reducing the risk of social unrest or conflicts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6) <strong>Greater Innovation and Creativity-<\/strong> Inclusive growth brings together diverse perspectives, fostering innovation and creativity. A diverse workforce and society can generate new ideas and solutions to complex problems.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000000;\"><strong><a id=\"h1\" style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\"><\/a>What are various government initiatives to ensure inclusive growth?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 1.06838%;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Financial Inclusion<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 98.9316%;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"7:1-7:382\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY):<\/strong> <span class=\"citation-140 citation-end-140\">Launched in 2014, this flagship scheme aims to provide universal access to banking services, including savings accounts, credit, insurance, and pensions, to every household.<\/span> <span class=\"citation-139 citation-end-139\">It has significantly expanded the formal banking network, especially in rural areas, and enabled Direct Benefit Transfers (DBT).<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"8:1-8:363\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"citation-138\">Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"citation-138 citation-end-138\"> This initiative aims to transfer government subsidies and benefits directly to the bank accounts of beneficiaries, reducing leakages and corruption, and ensuring that funds reach the intended recipients.<\/span> <span class=\"citation-137 citation-end-137\">It covers a wide range of schemes, including food subsidies, pensions, and scholarships. For e.g. <strong>PM KISAN<\/strong> &#8211; 110mn farmers are now receiving direct income support.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"9:1-9:320\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY):<\/strong> <span class=\"citation-136 citation-end-136\">Launched in 2015, MUDRA provides collateral-free loans up to \u20b910 lakh to micro and small enterprises, particularly those run by women, SC\/ST, and OBC entrepreneurs.<\/span> <span class=\"citation-135 citation-end-135\">This promotes self-employment and entrepreneurship among marginalized sections.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"10:1-10:256\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Atal Pension Yojana (APY):<\/strong> <span class=\"citation-134 citation-end-134\">A government-backed pension scheme that provides a guaranteed pension to subscribers based on their contributions, primarily targeting workers in the unorganized sector to ensure social security in old age.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"11:1-11:329\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"citation-133\">Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY) &amp; Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"citation-133 citation-end-133\"> These are affordable life insurance and accident insurance schemes, respectively, designed to provide social security cover to the masses at very low premiums, making financial protection accessible to all.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"12:1-13:0\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"citation-132\">Kisan Credit Card (KCC):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"citation-132 citation-end-132\"> Provides timely and adequate credit to farmers for their agricultural needs, preventing their reliance on informal money lenders.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 1.06838%;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Skill Development and Employment Generation<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 98.9316%;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"16:1-16:349\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"citation-131\">Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"citation-131\"> This landmark Act guarantees <\/span><span class=\"citation-130 citation-131 citation-end-131\">100 days of wage employment in a financial year to adult members of any rural household willing to do unskilled manual work.<\/span> It acts as a safety net, especially for the rural poor, and creates rural infrastructure.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"17:1-20:165\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Make in India:<\/strong> \u00a0Launched in 2014, with the aim to transform the country into a global manufacturing and design hub as well as support an industrial growth that creates jobs. It led to the strengthening of MSMEs &amp; encouraged Indian entrepreneurs &amp; startups to innovate &amp; establish new business &#8211; thus, transforming them from &#8216;job seekers&#8217; to &#8216;job creators&#8217;.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"17:1-20:165\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"citation-129\">Skill India Mission:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"citation-129 citation-end-129\"> An umbrella initiative comprising several schemes aimed at skilling, re-skilling, and up-skilling the youth to enhance their employability.<\/span><\/span>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"18:5-20:165\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"18:5-18:147\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"citation-128\">Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"citation-128 citation-end-128\"> Provides skill training to the youth, focusing on industry-relevant skills.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"19:5-19:210\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY):<\/strong> Focuses on transforming rural poor youth into an economically independent and globally relevant workforce through skill training and placement.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"20:5-20:165\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"citation-127\">Jan Shikshan Sansthans (JSS):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"citation-127 citation-end-127\"> Provide vocational training to non-literates, neo-literates, and school dropouts, especially in rural areas.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"21:1-21:229\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"citation-126\">PM Vishwakarma Yojana:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"citation-126 citation-end-126\"> Launched in 2023, this scheme provides support to traditional artisans and craftspeople (Vishwakarmas) through skill training, toolkits, marketing support, and collateral-free credit.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"22:1-22:208\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"citation-125\">Pradhan Mantri Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"citation-125 citation-end-125\"> Promotes self-employment through the establishment of micro-enterprises in the non-farm sector by providing financial assistance.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"23:1-23:165\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"citation-124\">PM SVANidhi Scheme:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"citation-124 citation-end-124\"> Provides affordable working capital loans to street vendors to resume their livelihoods and promotes digital transactions.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"24:1-25:0\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) \/ Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana &#8211; National Rural Livelihood Mission (DAY-NRLM):<\/strong> Focuses on organizing rural poor households into Self Help Groups (SHGs) and federations, providing them access to financial services and sustainable livelihood opportunities.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 1.06838%;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Education and Human Development<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 98.9316%;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"28:1-28:291\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"citation-123\">National Education Policy (NEP) 2020:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"citation-123 citation-end-123\"> Aims to provide universal access to quality education from pre-school to higher education, with a strong emphasis on holistic development, foundational literacy and numeracy, skill development, and inclusive learning environments.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"29:1-29:283\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"citation-122\">Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"citation-122 citation-end-122\"> An overarching program for the school education sector, extending from pre-school to senior secondary levels, aiming to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education.<\/span> It specifically targets bridging gender and social category gaps.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"30:1-30:241\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"citation-121\">Mid-Day Meal Scheme (now PM POSHAN):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"citation-121 citation-end-121\"> Provides hot cooked meals to schoolchildren, improving nutritional status, increasing enrollment and attendance, and reducing dropout rates, particularly among disadvantaged groups.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"31:1-31:195\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA):<\/strong> Aims to improve access, equity, and quality in higher education by providing strategic funding to eligible state higher educational institutions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"32:1-32:159\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"citation-120\">Pradhan Mantri Innovative Learning Program (DHRUV):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"citation-120 citation-end-120\"> Identifies and nurtures talented children to help them achieve their full potential.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 1.06838%;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Health and Nutrition<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 98.9316%;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"37:1-37:293\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"citation-118\">Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"citation-118\"> The world&#8217;s largest health insurance scheme, providing a health cover of <\/span><span class=\"citation-117 citation-118 citation-end-118\">\u20b95 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization to over 10 crore poor and vulnerable families.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"38:1-38:282\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>National Health Mission (NHM):<\/strong> <span class=\"citation-116 citation-end-116\">Seeks to improve the health outcomes of the population, particularly in rural areas, by strengthening public health infrastructure, promoting maternal and child health, and controlling communicable and non-communicable diseases.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"39:1-39:216\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>POSHAN Abhiyaan (National Nutrition Mission):<\/strong> Aims to reduce malnutrition among children, adolescent girls, pregnant women, and lactating mothers through a multi-ministerial convergence approach and technology.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"40:1-41:0\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"citation-115\">Jan Aushadhi Kendras:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"citation-115 citation-end-115\"> Provide quality generic medicines at affordable prices, making healthcare more accessible and affordable for all.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"40:1-41:0\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Healthcare Infrastructure: <\/strong>Number of medical colleges increased to 780 &amp; AIIMS institution increased to 23.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 1.06838%;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Social Protection and Housing<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 98.9316%;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"44:1-44:309\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"citation-114\">Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) &#8211; Urban and Rural:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"citation-114 citation-end-114\"> Aims to provide &#8220;Housing for All&#8221; by 2022 (extended to 2024 for some components), by providing financial assistance for constructing or purchasing houses for eligible beneficiaries, especially those from economically weaker sections.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"45:1-45:182\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"citation-113\">National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"citation-113 citation-end-113\"> Provides social assistance benefits to the elderly, widows, and persons with disabilities in the form of pensions.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"46:1-46:339\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"citation-112\">Reservation Policies:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"citation-112 citation-end-112\"> Constitutional provisions and government policies for reservation of seats in education, employment, and legislative bodies for Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), Other Backward Classes (OBCs), and Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) to promote affirmative action and social equity.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"47:1-48:0\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"citation-111\">PM JANMAN (PM-Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan):<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"citation-110 citation-end-110\">A targeted initiative for the comprehensive development of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs), focusing on basic amenities, health, education, and livelihoods.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 1.06838%;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Infrastructure and Connectivity<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 98.9316%;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"51:1-51:210\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Jal Jeevan Mission (Har Ghar Jal):<\/strong> Aims to provide safe and adequate drinking water through tap connections to all rural households by 2024, improving health and reducing the drudgery of water collection.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"52:1-52:206\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"citation-109\">Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"citation-109 citation-end-109\"> Connects unconnected habitations with all-weather roads, improving access to markets, schools, healthcare, and other services in rural areas.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"53:1-53:182\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>BharatNet Project:<\/strong> Focuses on providing broadband connectivity to all Gram Panchayats, aiming to bridge the digital divide and enable access to digital services in rural India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"54:1-55:0\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM):<\/strong> Focuses on improving sanitation and hygiene, particularly in rural areas, through the construction of toilets, which has significant health and dignity benefits for all, especially women.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"54:1-55:0\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Construction of key infrastructure projects connecting the remote areas for e.g. <strong>Chenab &amp; Anji bridges<\/strong>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"54:1-55:0\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Digital Connectivity:<\/strong><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"54:1-55:0\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"citation-108\">Digital India:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"citation-108 citation-end-108\"> An umbrella program focused on transforming India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy, which underpins many inclusive growth initiatives by enabling digital delivery of services.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"54:1-55:0\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Introduction of <strong>Digital Public Infrastructure<\/strong> like Aadhar &amp; UPI with over 141cr Aadhar registration &amp; 60cr UPI transactions every day.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"54:1-55:0\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>IndiaAI Mission<\/strong>: Over 34,000 high-speed computer chips, called GPU, are now available at one-third of global cost.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000000;\"><span><strong><a id=\"toc6\" style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\"><\/a>What should be the Way Forward?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Achieving inclusive growth in India requires a comprehensive and multi-dimensional approach. Here are the steps that can be taken to ensure inclusive growth:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1) <strong>Education and Skill Development-<\/strong> Improving access to quality education for all, especially in rural and marginalized areas, is crucial. Emphasizing skill development programs that align with market needs can enhance employability.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2) <strong>Employment Generation-<\/strong> Encouraging sectors that create more jobs, such as manufacturing, services, and entrepreneurship, can help reduce unemployment and underemployment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3) <strong>Social Protection Programs-<\/strong> Strengthening and expanding social safety nets like the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), subsidized food programs, and healthcare initiatives can provide a safety net for vulnerable populations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4) <strong>Financial Inclusion-<\/strong> Expanding access to banking and financial services, especially in rural areas, can empower individuals and small businesses. Initiatives like Jan Dhan Yojana and Microfinance Institutions can play a significant role here.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5) <strong>Gender Equality-<\/strong> Promoting gender equality through policies that support education, employment, and entrepreneurship for women can unlock significant economic potential.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6) <strong>Rural Development-<\/strong> Focusing on agriculture by modernizing techniques, providing better access to markets, and improving infrastructure can spur growth in rural areas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">7) <strong>Policy Reforms-<\/strong> Implementing policies that promote inclusive growth, such as progressive taxation, land reforms, labour reforms, and policies targeting marginalized communities, can play a pivotal role.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Conclusion:<br \/>\n<\/strong>A holistic approach that addresses these multiple dimensions while considering regional disparities and the diverse needs of the population will be key in moving India toward a path of inclusive growth. Collaboration between government, private sector, civil society, and international organisations is crucial in executing these strategies effectively.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Read More- <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/ashwini-vaishnaw-writes-eleven-years-of-inclusive-growth-have-given-people-a-firm-belief-in-a-better-future-10059537\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Hindu<\/a><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>UPSC Syllabus- GS-3- Inclusive Growth<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is Inclusive Growth? As per OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development), inclusive growth is economic growth that is distributed fairly across society and creates opportunities for all. UNDP described it as \u201cthe process and the outcome where all groups of people have participated in growth and have benefited equitably from it\u201d. Put simply,&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/inclusive-growth-explained-pointwise\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Inclusive Growth-Explained Pointwise<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10391,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[130],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-346090","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-7-pm","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/346090","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10391"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=346090"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/346090\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=346090"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=346090"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=346090"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}