{"id":34644,"date":"2018-10-31T12:39:04","date_gmt":"2018-10-31T07:09:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=34644"},"modified":"2018-10-31T12:39:04","modified_gmt":"2018-10-31T07:09:04","slug":"a-less-perilous-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/a-less-perilous-world\/","title":{"rendered":"A less perilous world:"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/editorials\/nobel-prize-2017-nuclear-disarmament-ican-india-less-perilous-world\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A less perilous world<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Context:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The 2017 Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded to the <\/span><b>International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Introduction:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This year\u2019s <\/span><b>Peace prize to ICAN (International campaign to Abolish Weapons) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">comes \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0at a time when the threat posed by nuclear weapons has been all too evident in the global crisis <\/span><b>triggered by North Korea\u2019s nuclear programme.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The prize was awarded \u201cfor its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Award comes as tensions increase between the US and North Korea<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In July, 122 nations backed a UN treaty designed to ban and eventually eliminate all nuclear weapons following heavy lobbying by ICAN.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b> What is the rationale behind giving this year\u2019s award?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The award will be seen as a rebuke to the US and other eight countries that possess nuclear weapons which boycotted the negotiations leading to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Nobel announcement comes against a backdrop of heightened tensions in east Asia between the \u00a0US and North Korea over \u00a0Pyongyang\u2019s nuclear weapons programme.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It also comes two years after world powers sealed a breakthrough nuclear deal with Iran.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What can be the harmful threat of Nuclear Weapons?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cNuclear weapons pose a constant threat to humanity and all life on earth.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nuclear weapons are fundamentally different from conventional weapons because of the<\/span><b> vast amounts of explosive energy they can release and the kinds of effects they produce, such as high temperatures and radiation.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The prompt effects of a nuclear explosion and fallout are well known through data gathered from the attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Japan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A special feature of a nuclear explosion is the emission of nuclear radiation, which may be separated into initial radiation and residual radiation. Initial radiation, also known as prompt radiation, consists of<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> gamma rays and neutrons \u00a0and \u00a0produced within a minute of the detonation<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gamma rays and neutrons can produce harmful effects in living organisms, a hazard that persists over considerable distances because of their ability to penetrate most structures.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Residual radiation and fallout<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Residual radiation is defined as radiation emitted more than one minute after the detonation. If the fission explosion is an airburst, the residual radiation will come mainly from the weapon debris. If the explosion is on or near the surface, the soil, water, and other materials in the vicinity will be sucked upward by the rising cloud, causing early (local) and delayed (worldwide) fallout..<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What is ICAN?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Launched in 2007, ICAN is described as a global civil society coalition and is based in the offices of the World Council of Churches in Geneva. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It comprises 468 partner organisations in 101 countries. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ICAN is funded by private donations as well as the EU and countries including Norway, Switzerland, Germany and the Vatican.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ICAN is a coalition of civil society groups and governments campaigning for total disarmament.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It helped achieve the UN treaty to prohibit nuclear weapons, which exposes the dangerous narcissism of the permanent members of the UN Security Council.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ICAN, coalition of more than 450 civil society groups around the world that is justly credited with spreading an awareness of the dire humanitarian impacts of nuclear weapons and of making the heroic effort to generate grassroots pressure sufficient to allow for the adoption of the UN Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons by 122 UN member (also known as the \u2018BAN Treaty\u2019).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The treaty was officially signed by 53 governments of UN member states this September<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and will come into force when 50 instruments of ratifications have been deposited at UN Headquarters, which suggests its legal status will soon be realized as signature is almost always followed by ratification.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Global steps to ban nuclear weapons:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recently,t<\/span><b>he world\u2019s first legally-binding treaty prohibiting nuclear weapons opened for signature at United Nations Headquarters in New York.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons is the product of increasing concerns worldwide amidst rising tensions between U.S. And North Korea.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Failure of NPT, CTBT (1996) on the name of maintaining deterrence against opponent (MAD-Mutually agreed deterrence principle) cannot got more support from numerous countries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is clear that these weapons of mass destruction reach are not confined to a geographical boundary or country itself.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The approval of ban over use of nuclear weapon is a landmark or paradigm shift in the direction of disarmament.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>it prohibits or ban in totality production, stockpiling and use of nuclear weapons even underground explosions in all circumstances<\/li>\n<li>It also ensures strong provisions to protect victims of extreme radiation and contamination of environment<\/li>\n<li>It complements international ban on all categories of weapons of mass destruction following the prohibition of biological and chemical arms.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>The core provision of the BAN Treaty:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The core provision of the BAN Treaty sets forth an unconditional legal prohibition of the weaponry that is notable for its comprehensiveness:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1-<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The prohibition extends to \u201cthe developing, testing, producing, manufacturing, possessing, stockpiling and deploying nuclear weapons, transferring or receiving them from others, using or threatening to use them, or allowing any stationing or deployment of nuclear weapons on national territories of signatories, and assisting, encouraging, or inducing any of these prohibited acts.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Some loopholes:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Effectiveness of treaty jeopardized due to reluctance of nuclear capable states.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Absence of impartial checks mechanism, countries can continue clandestine nuclear Weapon<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Absence of weapons at last resort for some rogue nations or nation offended first, this treaty.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although nuclear capable states still defiant and showing resistance ,which will jeopardize its effectiveness ,but they must come on board to make a safer world<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Opponents of De-Nuclearization:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Standing in opposition to the BAN Treaty are all of the present nuclear weapons states, led by the United States.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All five permanent members (P-5) of the UN Security Council and their allies refused to join in this legal prohibition of nuclear weapons.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>India\u2019s position:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India, holds up its commitment to a nuclear weapons free world, but says there must be \u201cuniversal, non-discriminatory and verifiable nuclear disarmament\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It stayed away from the treaty citing the Conference of Disarmament as the right forum to negotiate a \u201cstep-by-step process\u201d to achieve a nuclear weapons free world.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A less perilous world: Context: The 2017 Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded to the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons. Introduction: This year\u2019s Peace prize to ICAN (International campaign to Abolish Weapons) comes \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0at a time when the threat posed by nuclear weapons has been all too evident in the global crisis triggered by&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/a-less-perilous-world\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">A less perilous world:<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[555],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34644","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-test-1","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704881794},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34644","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34644"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34644\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34644"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34644"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34644"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}