{"id":352302,"date":"2025-12-19T12:42:06","date_gmt":"2025-12-19T07:12:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/?p=352302"},"modified":"2025-12-19T12:42:06","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T07:12:06","slug":"agro-and-social-forestry-in-up","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/agro-and-social-forestry-in-up\/","title":{"rendered":"Agro and Social Forestry in UP"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-start=\"286\" data-end=\"770\">As per the Indian State of Forest Report 2023, <strong data-start=\"47\" data-end=\"64\">Uttar Pradesh<\/strong> recorded the <strong data-start=\"78\" data-end=\"120\">second-highest increase in green cover<\/strong> in India, with an addition of <strong data-start=\"151\" data-end=\"182\">559.19 sq km during 2021\u201323<\/strong>, raising its total green cover to <strong data-start=\"217\" data-end=\"259\">9.96% of the state\u2019s geographical area<\/strong>. This achievement underscores the growing importance of <strong data-start=\"316\" data-end=\"347\">tree-based land-use systems<\/strong>, wherein <strong data-start=\"357\" data-end=\"393\">agroforestry and social forestry<\/strong> have emerged as <strong data-start=\"410\" data-end=\"425\">key drivers.<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;text-align: center\"><strong>Table of Content<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%\"><a href=\"#t1\">Social Forestry<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#t2\">Agroforestry<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#t3\">Forest Development Programmes and Schemes in UP<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#t4\">Challenges associated with Agroforestry and Social forestry<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#t5\">Way Forward<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 data-start=\"1224\" data-end=\"1242\"><strong><a id=\"t1\"><\/a>Social Forestry<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"1270\" data-end=\"1474\">Social forestry refers to the <strong data-start=\"1300\" data-end=\"1378\">plantation and management of trees by the community for collective welfare<\/strong>. It is commonly described as <strong data-start=\"1408\" data-end=\"1472\">\u201cforestry of the people, for the people, and by the people.\u201d<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1476\" data-end=\"1745\">The importance of social forestry was clearly recognised in the <strong data-start=\"1540\" data-end=\"1583\">National Forest Policy of 1952 and 1988<\/strong>, which emphasised meeting local needs and increasing people\u2019s participation in forest management. The term <em data-start=\"1691\" data-end=\"1708\">social forestry<\/em> was formally introduced in <strong data-start=\"1736\" data-end=\"1744\">1976<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1747\" data-end=\"1985\">In Uttar Pradesh, the <strong data-start=\"1769\" data-end=\"1795\">Social Forestry Scheme<\/strong> was launched during <strong data-start=\"1816\" data-end=\"1827\">1979\u201380<\/strong>, based on the recommendations of the <strong>National Agriculture Commission<\/strong>, with financial and technical assistance from the <strong><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">World Bank<\/span><\/span>.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;border-style: solid;background-color: #fafafa\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/upcampa.org\/\">Read more about UP CAMPA<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Objectives of Social Forestry<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2027\" data-end=\"2834\">\n<li data-start=\"2027\" data-end=\"2119\">\n<p data-start=\"2029\" data-end=\"2119\"><strong data-start=\"2029\" data-end=\"2055\">Green Cover Expansion:<\/strong> Increasing tree cover and maintaining ecological equilibrium.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2120\" data-end=\"2242\">\n<p data-start=\"2122\" data-end=\"2242\"><strong data-start=\"2122\" data-end=\"2149\">Fuel and Fodder Supply:<\/strong> Promoting eucalyptus for firewood and subabul (<em data-start=\"2197\" data-end=\"2220\">Leucaena leucocephala<\/em>) for animal fodder.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2243\" data-end=\"2364\">\n<p data-start=\"2245\" data-end=\"2270\"><strong data-start=\"2245\" data-end=\"2268\">Industrial Support:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2273\" data-end=\"2364\">\n<li data-start=\"2273\" data-end=\"2311\">\n<p data-start=\"2275\" data-end=\"2311\">Arjuna for the matchstick industry<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2314\" data-end=\"2364\">\n<p data-start=\"2316\" data-end=\"2364\">Sayjan and reyan for paper and pulp industries<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2365\" data-end=\"2511\">\n<p data-start=\"2367\" data-end=\"2395\"><strong data-start=\"2367\" data-end=\"2393\">Agro-based Industries:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2398\" data-end=\"2511\">\n<li data-start=\"2398\" data-end=\"2442\">\n<p data-start=\"2400\" data-end=\"2442\">Mulberry cultivation for silk production<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2445\" data-end=\"2473\">\n<p data-start=\"2447\" data-end=\"2473\">Kangi for oil extraction<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2476\" data-end=\"2511\">\n<p data-start=\"2478\" data-end=\"2511\">Acacia for the leather industry<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2512\" data-end=\"2585\">\n<p data-start=\"2514\" data-end=\"2585\"><strong data-start=\"2514\" data-end=\"2536\">Soil Conservation:<\/strong> Preventing soil erosion and loss of fertility.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2586\" data-end=\"2660\">\n<p data-start=\"2588\" data-end=\"2660\"><strong data-start=\"2588\" data-end=\"2616\">Biodiversity Protection:<\/strong> Conserving ecosystems and native species.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2661\" data-end=\"2741\">\n<p data-start=\"2663\" data-end=\"2741\"><strong data-start=\"2663\" data-end=\"2689\">Employment Generation:<\/strong> Creating livelihood opportunities in rural areas.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2742\" data-end=\"2834\">\n<p data-start=\"2744\" data-end=\"2834\"><strong data-start=\"2744\" data-end=\"2772\">Rural Industrial Growth:<\/strong> Supplying raw material to cottage and small-scale industries.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Components of Social Forestry<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2876\" data-end=\"2938\">Social forestry is implemented through three major components:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2940\" data-end=\"3018\">\n<li data-start=\"2940\" data-end=\"2960\">\n<p data-start=\"2942\" data-end=\"2960\"><strong data-start=\"2942\" data-end=\"2958\">Agroforestry<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2961\" data-end=\"2997\">\n<p data-start=\"2963\" data-end=\"2997\"><strong data-start=\"2963\" data-end=\"2995\">Community or Public Forestry<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2998\" data-end=\"3018\">\n<p data-start=\"3000\" data-end=\"3018\"><strong data-start=\"3000\" data-end=\"3018\">Urban Forestry<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_352319\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-352319\" style=\"width: 513px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-352319\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Components-of-Social-Forestry-visual-selection.png?resize=513%2C418&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Components of Social Forestry\" width=\"513\" height=\"418\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Components-of-Social-Forestry-visual-selection.png?w=780&amp;ssl=1 780w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Components-of-Social-Forestry-visual-selection.png?resize=300%2C245&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Components-of-Social-Forestry-visual-selection.png?resize=768%2C626&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 513px) 100vw, 513px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-352319\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Created by ForumIAS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p data-start=\"2124\" data-end=\"2149\"><strong>Implementing Agencies<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2151\" data-end=\"2228\">\n<li data-start=\"2151\" data-end=\"2182\">\n<p data-start=\"2153\" data-end=\"2182\"><strong data-start=\"2153\" data-end=\"2180\">State Forest Department, <\/strong><strong data-start=\"2185\" data-end=\"2226\">Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2151\" data-end=\"2182\">\n<p data-start=\"2153\" data-end=\"2182\">These agencies provide <strong data-start=\"2253\" data-end=\"2313\">seedlings, technical guidance, and institutional support<\/strong>, while ensuring community participation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2151\" data-end=\"2182\">\n<p data-start=\"3020\" data-end=\"3064\">Special implementation mechanisms include:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3065\" data-end=\"3193\">\n<li data-start=\"3065\" data-end=\"3134\">\n<p data-start=\"3067\" data-end=\"3134\"><strong data-start=\"3067\" data-end=\"3097\">Special Component Sub-Plan<\/strong> in Scheduled Caste-dominated areas<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3135\" data-end=\"3193\">\n<p data-start=\"3137\" data-end=\"3193\"><strong data-start=\"3137\" data-end=\"3156\">Tribal Sub-Plan<\/strong> in Scheduled Tribe-dominated regions<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Impact of Social Forestry<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2975\" data-end=\"3307\">\n<li data-start=\"2975\" data-end=\"3077\"><strong data-start=\"2977\" data-end=\"3015\">Increase in Forest and Tree Cover:<\/strong> Expansion of green cover in agricultural and public spaces.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3078\" data-end=\"3181\"><strong data-start=\"3080\" data-end=\"3110\">Environmental Improvement:<\/strong> Better soil health, water conservation, and microclimate regulation.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3182\" data-end=\"3307\"><strong data-start=\"3184\" data-end=\"3215\">Livelihood Diversification:<\/strong> Additional income sources for farmers through timber, fruit, and non-timber forest produce.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4110\" data-end=\"4159\"><strong>Major Social Forestry Schemes in Uttar Pradesh<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"4161\" data-end=\"4203\"><strong>National Afforestation Programme (NAP)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"4204\" data-end=\"4238\">\n<p data-start=\"4206\" data-end=\"4238\">Continues in a <strong data-start=\"4221\" data-end=\"4237\">limited form<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4239\" data-end=\"4357\">\n<p data-start=\"4241\" data-end=\"4357\">Since <strong data-start=\"4247\" data-end=\"4255\">2021<\/strong>, emphasis has shifted towards <strong data-start=\"4286\" data-end=\"4295\">CAMPA<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"4297\" data-end=\"4320\">Green India Mission<\/strong>, and the <strong data-start=\"4330\" data-end=\"4356\">Green Credit Programme<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4358\" data-end=\"4443\">\n<p data-start=\"4360\" data-end=\"4443\"><strong>Contribution:<\/strong> Strengthened <strong>community participation<\/strong> in degraded forest regeneration.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4445\" data-end=\"4487\"><strong>Nagar Van Yojana (Urban Forest Scheme)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"4488\" data-end=\"4558\">\n<p data-start=\"4490\" data-end=\"4558\"><strong data-start=\"4490\" data-end=\"4504\">Objective:<\/strong> Development of <strong data-start=\"4520\" data-end=\"4537\">urban forests<\/strong> in cities and towns.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4559\" data-end=\"4684\">\n<p data-start=\"4561\" data-end=\"4576\"><strong data-start=\"4561\" data-end=\"4574\">Benefits:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4579\" data-end=\"4684\">\n<li data-start=\"4579\" data-end=\"4603\">\n<p data-start=\"4581\" data-end=\"4603\">Improved air quality<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4606\" data-end=\"4641\">\n<p data-start=\"4608\" data-end=\"4641\">Urban biodiversity conservation<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4644\" data-end=\"4684\">\n<p data-start=\"4646\" data-end=\"4684\">Recreational green spaces for citizens<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4686\" data-end=\"4715\"><strong>Green India Mission (GIM)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"4716\" data-end=\"4781\">\n<p data-start=\"4718\" data-end=\"4781\">Part of the <strong data-start=\"4730\" data-end=\"4780\">National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4782\" data-end=\"4843\">\n<p data-start=\"4784\" data-end=\"4797\"><strong data-start=\"4784\" data-end=\"4795\">Target: <\/strong>Afforestation of <strong data-start=\"4819\" data-end=\"4841\">5 million hectares<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4844\" data-end=\"4908\">\n<p data-start=\"4846\" data-end=\"4867\"><strong data-start=\"4846\" data-end=\"4865\">UP Focus Areas: <\/strong><strong data-start=\"4872\" data-end=\"4908\">Bundelkhand and Vindhyan regions<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4909\" data-end=\"4993\">\n<p data-start=\"4911\" data-end=\"4993\"><strong data-start=\"4911\" data-end=\"4923\">Outcome: <\/strong>Climate mitigation, carbon sequestration, and livelihood support.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4995\" data-end=\"5072\"><strong>Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"5073\" data-end=\"5233\">\n<p data-start=\"5075\" data-end=\"5098\"><strong data-start=\"5075\" data-end=\"5096\">Fund Utilisation:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5101\" data-end=\"5233\">\n<li data-start=\"5101\" data-end=\"5131\">\n<p data-start=\"5103\" data-end=\"5131\">Compensatory afforestation<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5134\" data-end=\"5187\">\n<p data-start=\"5136\" data-end=\"5187\">Treatment of degraded forest and non-forest lands<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5190\" data-end=\"5233\">\n<p data-start=\"5192\" data-end=\"5233\">Maintenance and protection of plantations<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5234\" data-end=\"5347\">\n<p data-start=\"5236\" data-end=\"5347\"><strong data-start=\"5236\" data-end=\"5258\">Shift in Approach: <\/strong>From mere mass plantation drives to <strong data-start=\"5299\" data-end=\"5346\">quality plantations and survival management<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong><a id=\"t2\"><\/a>Agroforestry<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Agroforestry is a <strong data-start=\"279\" data-end=\"325\">sustainable and integrated land-use system<\/strong> that enhances overall productivity by combining <strong data-start=\"374\" data-end=\"440\">agricultural crops, tree species, forest plants, and livestock<\/strong> on the same landholding. The system is designed in harmony with <strong data-start=\"505\" data-end=\"539\">local socio-cultural practices<\/strong> and traditional knowledge.<\/li>\n<li>Under agroforestry, individual farmers raise trees on their own land along with fodder crops, grasses, and legumes, treating <strong data-start=\"692\" data-end=\"721\">trees as productive crops<\/strong> rather than competing elements.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Nature of Agroforestry Practices<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"798\" data-end=\"915\">In agroforestry, <strong data-start=\"815\" data-end=\"885\">tree plantation is undertaken simultaneously with crop cultivation<\/strong>. Common combinations include: Crops + fuelwood trees, Crops + fruit-bearing trees, Crops + trees + pasture (silvi-pastoral systems)<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1028\" data-end=\"1151\">Trees are planted in a <strong data-start=\"1051\" data-end=\"1084\">scientifically planned manner<\/strong> to ensure that crop yield and land productivity remain unaffected.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Major Agro-Forestry Systems in Uttar Pradesh<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"3377\" data-end=\"3398\"><strong>Agri-Silviculture<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"3399\" data-end=\"3446\">\n<p data-start=\"3401\" data-end=\"3446\"><strong data-start=\"3401\" data-end=\"3417\">Combination:<\/strong> Trees + agricultural crops<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3447\" data-end=\"3547\">\n<p data-start=\"3449\" data-end=\"3464\"><strong data-start=\"3449\" data-end=\"3462\">Examples:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3467\" data-end=\"3547\">\n<li data-start=\"3467\" data-end=\"3520\">\n<p data-start=\"3469\" data-end=\"3520\">Poplar with wheat and sugarcane in <strong data-start=\"3504\" data-end=\"3518\">Western UP<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3523\" data-end=\"3547\">\n<p data-start=\"3525\" data-end=\"3547\">Eucalyptus with pulses<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3549\" data-end=\"3574\"><strong>Silvi-Pastoral System<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"3575\" data-end=\"3624\">\n<p data-start=\"3577\" data-end=\"3624\"><strong data-start=\"3577\" data-end=\"3593\">Combination:<\/strong> Trees + grasses\/fodder crops<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3625\" data-end=\"3741\">\n<p data-start=\"3627\" data-end=\"3741\"><strong data-start=\"3627\" data-end=\"3639\">Example: <\/strong><em data-start=\"3644\" data-end=\"3661\">Acacia nilotica<\/em> with fodder grasses in <strong data-start=\"3685\" data-end=\"3700\">Bundelkhand<\/strong>, supporting livestock-based livelihoods.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3743\" data-end=\"3770\"><strong>Agri-Horti-Silviculture<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"3771\" data-end=\"3820\">\n<p data-start=\"3773\" data-end=\"3820\"><strong data-start=\"3773\" data-end=\"3789\">Combination:<\/strong> Trees + fruit plants + crops<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3821\" data-end=\"3900\">\n<p data-start=\"3823\" data-end=\"3900\"><strong data-start=\"3823\" data-end=\"3836\">Examples: <\/strong>Mango and guava orchards with intercrops in <strong data-start=\"3885\" data-end=\"3899\">Central UP<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3902\" data-end=\"3925\"><strong>Boundary Plantation<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"3926\" data-end=\"3985\">\n<p data-start=\"3928\" data-end=\"3985\"><strong data-start=\"3928\" data-end=\"3941\">Practice: <\/strong>Trees planted along field boundaries.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3986\" data-end=\"4030\">\n<p data-start=\"3988\" data-end=\"4030\"><strong data-start=\"3988\" data-end=\"4007\">Common Species:<\/strong> Neem, Sisham, Babool<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4031\" data-end=\"4103\">\n<p data-start=\"4033\" data-end=\"4103\"><strong data-start=\"4033\" data-end=\"4047\">Advantage: <\/strong>Income generation without reducing cultivated area.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Community Forestry<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"250\" data-end=\"591\">Community forestry refers to the <strong data-start=\"283\" data-end=\"355\">plantation and management of trees on public or community-owned land<\/strong> with the primary objective of fulfilling the <strong data-start=\"401\" data-end=\"437\">collective needs of local people<\/strong>. Such plantations are commonly carried out on <strong data-start=\"484\" data-end=\"590\">Panchayat land, village commons, barren or wastelands, and along roads, railway lines, and canal banks<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"593\" data-end=\"1044\">Community forestry is an <strong data-start=\"618\" data-end=\"659\">integral component of social forestry<\/strong>. Under this system, tree raising is undertaken on community land for the <strong data-start=\"733\" data-end=\"762\">shared benefit of society<\/strong> rather than individual profit. While <strong data-start=\"800\" data-end=\"873\">seedlings and technical support are provided by the Forest Department<\/strong>, the responsibility for <strong data-start=\"898\" data-end=\"954\">protection, maintenance, and survival of plantations<\/strong> largely rests with the local community, promoting participatory governance and ownership.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Urban Forestry<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"1112\" data-end=\"1453\">Urban forestry aims to encourage <strong data-start=\"1145\" data-end=\"1184\">tree plantation in cities and towns<\/strong>, particularly in <strong data-start=\"1202\" data-end=\"1272\">vacant plots, residential surroundings, parks, and along roadsides<\/strong>. The primary objective is to <strong data-start=\"1302\" data-end=\"1330\">enhance urban aesthetics<\/strong> while simultaneously addressing environmental concerns such as <strong data-start=\"1394\" data-end=\"1452\">air pollution, heat stress, and declining green spaces<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1455\" data-end=\"1635\">By integrating greenery into urban planning, urban forestry contributes to <strong data-start=\"1530\" data-end=\"1616\">improved environmental quality, better public health, and enhanced quality of life<\/strong> for city dwellers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;border-style: solid;background-color: #f5f3ed\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/up-new-forest-policy\/\">Read more about UP New Forest Policy<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><strong><a id=\"t3\"><\/a>Forest Development Programmes and Schemes in UP<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"395\" data-end=\"450\"><strong>Uttar Pradesh Forestry Project (UP Vaniki Pariyojna)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"452\" data-end=\"690\">The <strong data-start=\"456\" data-end=\"490\">Uttar Pradesh Forestry Project<\/strong> was launched on <strong data-start=\"507\" data-end=\"524\">19 March 1998<\/strong> with financial assistance from the <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">World Bank<\/span><\/span>. This project marked a major shift towards <strong data-start=\"641\" data-end=\"676\">participatory forest management<\/strong> in the state, located near <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Dudhwa National Park<\/span><\/span> and the <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">National Chambal Wildlife Sanctuary<\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"1198\" data-end=\"1238\"><strong>Participatory Forest Management (PFM)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"1198\" data-end=\"1238\">Operational since <strong>July 2010<\/strong> with cooperation from the <strong>Government of Japan<\/strong>, covering <strong>16 districts across the Terai, Vindhya, and Bundelkhand regions<\/strong>, <strong>to promote participatory forest management and livelihood-based poverty alleviation<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1534\" data-end=\"1655\">\n<p data-start=\"1536\" data-end=\"1655\">Formation of <strong data-start=\"1582\" data-end=\"1628\">Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMCs)<\/strong> in forest-fringe villages.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1534\" data-end=\"1655\">\n<p data-start=\"1536\" data-end=\"1655\"><strong data-start=\"2011\" data-end=\"2043\">Belhathi village (Sonbhadra)<\/strong> was declared the <strong data-start=\"2061\" data-end=\"2096\">first Van Gram (Forest Village)<\/strong> of Uttar Pradesh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"2121\" data-end=\"2159\"><strong>Composite Forest Development Scheme<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"2121\" data-end=\"2159\">This umbrella scheme includes multiple targeted forestry interventions: Industrial and Pulpwood Plantation<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2273\" data-end=\"2373\">\n<p data-start=\"2275\" data-end=\"2373\"><strong data-start=\"2275\" data-end=\"2295\">Species Planted:<\/strong> Gullet, Semal, Khair, Amaltas, Walnut, Alanthus, Poplar, Eucalyptus, Bamboo.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2764\" data-end=\"2787\"><strong>Roadside Plantation: <\/strong>Trees planted along state highways and rural roads to <strong data-start=\"2844\" data-end=\"2916\">improve aesthetics, provide shade, and enhance environmental quality<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2919\" data-end=\"2943\"><strong>Ravine Afforestation:<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"2946\" data-end=\"2964\">Problem Areas <\/strong>are Agra, Etawah, Mainpuri, Jalaun and adjoining districts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Other Important Schemes and Awards<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;border-style: solid;background-color: #fcfcfa\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><strong>Scheme \/ Award (with Year)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><strong>Key Features \/ Objectives<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%\"><strong>Operation Green Scheme (2001)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%\">Revived during the <strong data-start=\"258\" data-end=\"281\">11th Five Year Plan<\/strong> to expand green cover and upgrade forest parks through mass public participation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%\"><strong>Plantation Extension Scheme (2007\u201308)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%\">Implemented in <strong data-start=\"427\" data-end=\"443\">48 districts<\/strong>; plantations on village community land, forest land, and along railway tracks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%\"><strong>Tree-Bandhu Award Scheme (2007\u201308)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%\">Rewards <strong data-start=\"576\" data-end=\"608\">individuals and institutions<\/strong> for outstanding contribution to tree plantation and wildlife conservation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%\"><strong>Veer Abdul Hameed Forest, Wildlife and Environment Protection Award (2012\u201313)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%\">Annual awards of <strong data-start=\"789\" data-end=\"817\">\u20b91 lakh to an individual<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"822\" data-end=\"852\">\u20b92 lakh to an organisation<\/strong> for excellence in environmental protection.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%\"><strong>Total Forest Cover Scheme (2014\u201315)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%\">Aims to make <strong data-start=\"956\" data-end=\"972\">14 districts<\/strong> of Uttar Pradesh completely green, including Lucknow, Agra, Ayodhya, Chitrakoot, and Lalitpur.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%\"><strong>Green Belt Development Scheme (2012\u201313)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%\">Plantation of <strong data-start=\"1132\" data-end=\"1171\">indigenous and shade-giving species<\/strong> at public places for environmental improvement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%\"><strong>Tree Guardian &amp; Tree Friend Scheme (Ongoing)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%\">Community-based initiative involving <strong data-start=\"1312\" data-end=\"1347\">retired teachers and volunteers<\/strong> as Vriksha Rakshak and Vriksha Mitra.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%\"><strong>\u201cGreen UP, Clean UP\u201d Campaign (2015)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%\">Achieved a record <strong data-start=\"1451\" data-end=\"1506\">5+ crore saplings planted in one day (11 July 2016)<\/strong>; target of <strong data-start=\"1518\" data-end=\"1541\">22.5 crore saplings<\/strong> set for 2019\u201320.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 data-start=\"130\" data-end=\"143\"><strong><a id=\"t4\"><\/a>Challenges associated with Agroforestry and Social forestry<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"145\" data-end=\"165\"><strong data-start=\"149\" data-end=\"165\">Agroforestry<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"167\" data-end=\"932\">\n<li data-start=\"167\" data-end=\"343\">\n<p data-start=\"169\" data-end=\"343\"><strong data-start=\"169\" data-end=\"212\">Monoculture &amp; Exotic Species Dominance:<\/strong> Excessive preference for poplar and eucalyptus leads to <strong data-start=\"269\" data-end=\"294\">groundwater depletion<\/strong>, soil nutrient loss, and ecological imbalance.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"344\" data-end=\"512\">\n<p data-start=\"346\" data-end=\"512\"><strong data-start=\"346\" data-end=\"373\">Small Farmer Exclusion:<\/strong> Benefits are skewed towards <strong data-start=\"402\" data-end=\"442\">large farmers and absentee landlords<\/strong>, while small and marginal farmers face income and employment risks.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"513\" data-end=\"673\">\n<p data-start=\"515\" data-end=\"673\"><strong data-start=\"515\" data-end=\"542\">Food Security Concerns:<\/strong> Diversion of fertile agricultural land from food crops raises concerns over <strong data-start=\"619\" data-end=\"670\">cereal production and raw material availability<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"674\" data-end=\"803\">\n<p data-start=\"676\" data-end=\"803\"><strong data-start=\"676\" data-end=\"696\">Scientific Gaps:<\/strong> Lack of <strong data-start=\"705\" data-end=\"779\">proper spacing, species selection, and agroforestry extension services<\/strong> reduces productivity.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"804\" data-end=\"932\">\n<p data-start=\"806\" data-end=\"932\"><strong data-start=\"806\" data-end=\"838\">Market &amp; Policy Constraints:<\/strong> Absence of assured markets, MSP-like support, and easy credit discourages long-term adoption.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"939\" data-end=\"962\"><strong data-start=\"943\" data-end=\"962\">Social Forestry<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"964\" data-end=\"1548\">\n<li data-start=\"964\" data-end=\"1088\">\n<p data-start=\"966\" data-end=\"1088\"><strong data-start=\"966\" data-end=\"1003\">Low Survival Rate of Plantations:<\/strong> Emphasis on <strong data-start=\"1016\" data-end=\"1052\">mass plantation over maintenance<\/strong> results in poor sapling survival.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1089\" data-end=\"1208\">\n<p data-start=\"1091\" data-end=\"1208\"><strong data-start=\"1091\" data-end=\"1127\">Community Participation Deficit:<\/strong> Inadequate ownership and awareness weaken protection of community plantations.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1209\" data-end=\"1317\">\n<p data-start=\"1211\" data-end=\"1317\"><strong data-start=\"1211\" data-end=\"1243\">Institutional Fragmentation:<\/strong> Limited coordination among <strong data-start=\"1271\" data-end=\"1314\">Forest Department, Panchayats, and NGOs<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1318\" data-end=\"1430\">\n<p data-start=\"1320\" data-end=\"1430\"><strong data-start=\"1320\" data-end=\"1339\">Urban Pressure:<\/strong> Rapid urbanisation restricts availability of land for <strong data-start=\"1394\" data-end=\"1427\">urban forestry and Nagar Vans<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1431\" data-end=\"1548\">\n<p data-start=\"1433\" data-end=\"1548\"><strong data-start=\"1433\" data-end=\"1455\">Monitoring Issues:<\/strong> Plantation success is often measured by numbers planted rather than <strong data-start=\"1524\" data-end=\"1547\">ecological outcomes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-start=\"1555\" data-end=\"1569\"><strong><a id=\"t5\"><\/a>Way Forward<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul data-start=\"1597\" data-end=\"2258\">\n<li data-start=\"1597\" data-end=\"1730\">\n<p data-start=\"1599\" data-end=\"1730\"><strong data-start=\"1599\" data-end=\"1638\">Native &amp; Climate-Resilient Species:<\/strong> Promote neem, mahua, arjun, karanj, bamboo, and fruit trees over water-intensive exotics.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1731\" data-end=\"1852\">\n<p data-start=\"1733\" data-end=\"1852\"><strong data-start=\"1733\" data-end=\"1763\">Farmer-Centric Incentives:<\/strong> Introduce <strong data-start=\"1774\" data-end=\"1824\">credit support, insurance, and market linkages<\/strong> for agroforestry produce.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1853\" data-end=\"1979\">\n<p data-start=\"1855\" data-end=\"1979\"><strong data-start=\"1855\" data-end=\"1888\">Integrated Land-Use Planning:<\/strong> Encourage <strong data-start=\"1899\" data-end=\"1951\">boundary plantations and agri-horti-silviculture<\/strong> to protect food security.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1980\" data-end=\"2090\">\n<p data-start=\"1982\" data-end=\"2090\"><strong data-start=\"1982\" data-end=\"2004\">Capacity Building:<\/strong> Strengthen <strong data-start=\"2016\" data-end=\"2087\">training, extension services, and ICAR\u2013state research collaboration<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2091\" data-end=\"2258\">\n<p data-start=\"2093\" data-end=\"2258\"><strong data-start=\"2093\" data-end=\"2120\">Region-Specific Models:<\/strong> Tailor agroforestry systems for <strong data-start=\"2153\" data-end=\"2185\">Bundelkhand (silvi-pastoral)<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"2187\" data-end=\"2216\">Western UP (poplar-based)<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"2222\" data-end=\"2257\">Central UP (horti-agro systems)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2422\" data-end=\"2530\">\n<p data-start=\"2424\" data-end=\"2530\"><strong data-start=\"2424\" data-end=\"2448\">Community Ownership:<\/strong> Strengthen <strong data-start=\"2460\" data-end=\"2527\">Joint Forest Management Committees and Panchayat-led monitoring<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2531\" data-end=\"2639\">\n<p data-start=\"2533\" data-end=\"2639\"><strong data-start=\"2533\" data-end=\"2562\">Urban Forestry Expansion:<\/strong> Scale up <strong data-start=\"2572\" data-end=\"2592\">Nagar Van Yojana<\/strong> to improve air quality and urban resilience.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2640\" data-end=\"2767\">\n<p data-start=\"2642\" data-end=\"2767\"><strong data-start=\"2642\" data-end=\"2669\">Convergence of Schemes:<\/strong> Integrate <strong data-start=\"2680\" data-end=\"2738\">CAMPA, Green India Mission, and Green Credit Programme<\/strong> for sustainable financing.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2768\" data-end=\"2867\">\n<p data-start=\"2770\" data-end=\"2867\"><strong data-start=\"2770\" data-end=\"2802\">Technology-Based Monitoring:<\/strong> Use <strong data-start=\"2807\" data-end=\"2838\">GIS, GPS, and social audits<\/strong> to track plantation success.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Agroforestry and Social Forestry in Uttar Pradesh represent <strong data-start=\"6760\" data-end=\"6860\">integrated strategies for ecological restoration, climate resilience, and livelihood enhancement<\/strong>. Through participatory forest management, region-specific agroforestry systems, and climate-aligned schemes like GIM and CAMPA, the state is moving from <strong data-start=\"7014\" data-end=\"7080\">plantation-centric approaches to sustainable forest governance<\/strong>, benefiting both people and the environment.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As per the Indian State of Forest Report 2023, Uttar Pradesh recorded the second-highest increase in green cover in India, with an addition of 559.19 sq km during 2021\u201323, raising its total green cover to 9.96% of the state\u2019s geographical area. This achievement underscores the growing importance of tree-based land-use systems, wherein agroforestry and social&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/agro-and-social-forestry-in-up\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Agro and Social Forestry in UP<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10398,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12144],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-352302","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-up-psc","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/352302","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10398"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=352302"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/352302\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=352302"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=352302"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=352302"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}