{"id":359499,"date":"2026-03-31T17:14:30","date_gmt":"2026-03-31T11:44:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/?p=359499"},"modified":"2026-03-31T17:38:10","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T12:08:10","slug":"opu-ivf-et-technology-and-cattle-breeds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/opu-ivf-et-technology-and-cattle-breeds\/","title":{"rendered":"OPU\u2013IVF\u2013ET technology and Cattle Breeds"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>News:<\/strong> The Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, has successfully produced five healthy Sahiwal calves, including a female, through test-tube embryo transfer (OPU\u2013IVF\u2013ET) technology.<\/p>\n<h2>About OPU\u2013IVF\u2013ET technology<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_359500\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-359500\" style=\"width: 327px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-359500\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Source-ICAR.jpg?resize=327%2C448&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"OPU\u2013IVF\u2013ET technology\" width=\"327\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Source-ICAR.jpg?resize=219%2C300&amp;ssl=1 219w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Source-ICAR.jpg?w=577&amp;ssl=1 577w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 327px) 100vw, 327px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-359500\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source &#8211; ICAR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>&#8216;OPU\u2013IVF\u2013ET&#8217; technology<\/strong> stands for <strong>&#8216;Ovum Pick-Up (OPU) and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and Embryo Transfer.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Mechanism of technology<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>In this process, <strong>mature eggs<\/strong> are <strong>collected<\/strong> from animals <strong>using ultrasound-based techniques<\/strong> and <strong>fertilized with sperm in the lab. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The <strong>embryos<\/strong> can also be <strong>stored<\/strong> and <strong>used as needed<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>These lab-developed <strong>embryos<\/strong> are then <strong>implanted into the uterus of surrogate cows<\/strong> or <strong>buffaloes<\/strong>, often those with <strong>lower milk yield<\/strong>, helping <strong>spread better genetic traits<\/strong> more widely.<\/li>\n<li>These \u201c<strong>test-tube\u201d offspring<\/strong> are likely to <strong>produce milk similar to the original animal<\/strong>, helping <strong>improve breeds<\/strong> and increase overall milk production.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Advantages:<\/strong> Under <strong>normal breeding<\/strong>, cows and buffaloes can become <strong>pregnant only once a year.<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>However, with the OPU\u2013IVF technique, around <strong>10 calves<\/strong> can be produced from a <strong>buffalo<\/strong> and <strong>about 20<\/strong> from a <strong>cow annually<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>About OPU-IVF-ET Programme<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>OPU-IVF-ET programme<\/strong> was <strong>initiated during 2022-23.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Launched by: ICAR\u2013Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Aim: <\/strong>It is <strong>aimed<\/strong> at <strong>strengthening the genetic improvement of indigenous bovine breeds<\/strong>, targeting the <strong>three major dairy breeds<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>The breeds targeted are<strong> \u2013<\/strong> <strong>Sahiwal, Murrah and Tharparkar.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>About Cattle Breeds<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sahiwal<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_359502\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-359502\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-359502\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Source-ICAR-2.jpg?resize=300%2C298&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Sahiwal\" width=\"300\" height=\"298\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Source-ICAR-2.jpg?resize=300%2C298&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Source-ICAR-2.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Source-ICAR-2.jpg?w=732&amp;ssl=1 732w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-359502\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source &#8211; ICAR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>The Sahiwal breed <strong>originates<\/strong> from the <strong>Sahiwal district in the Punjab<\/strong> region of <strong>Pakistan<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>It is found in the <strong>Punjab provinces<\/strong> of both <strong>Pakistan and India<\/strong>, particularly in <strong>Haryana, Punjab, and Rajasthan<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>This breed otherwise known as <strong>Lola (loose skin), Lambi Bar, Montgomery, Multani, Teli.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The <strong>best indigenous dairy breed<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>colour<\/strong> is <strong>reddish dun or pale red<\/strong>, sometimes flashed with <strong>white patches<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Heavy breed<\/strong> with <strong>symmetrical body<\/strong> having <strong>loose skin<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>The average <strong>milk yield<\/strong> of this breed is between <strong>1400 and 2500 kg per lactation<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Age<\/strong> at <strong>first calving<\/strong> ranges from <strong>37 to 48 months<\/strong> and the calving <strong>interval<\/strong> is <strong>430 to 580 days.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tharparkar<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_359503\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-359503\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-359503\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Source-ICAR-3.jpg?resize=300%2C259&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Tharparkar\" width=\"300\" height=\"259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Source-ICAR-3.jpg?resize=300%2C259&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Source-ICAR-3.jpg?w=744&amp;ssl=1 744w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-359503\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source &#8211; ICAR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Originated<\/strong> in <strong>Tharparkar district (Pakistan)<\/strong> of <strong>undivided India<\/strong> and also found in <strong>Rajasthan<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Otherwise known as <strong>White Sindhi, Gray Sindhi and Thari.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>They are <strong>medium sized,<\/strong> compact and have <strong>lyre-shaped horn<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Body colour is <strong>white or light grey<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>bullocks<\/strong> are quite suitable for <strong>ploughing<\/strong> and <strong>casting<\/strong> and the cows yield <strong>1800 to 2600 kg of milk per lactation.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Age at <strong>first calving ranges<\/strong> from <strong>38 to 42 months<\/strong> and <strong>inter calving period<\/strong> from <strong>430 to 460 days.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Murrah<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_359501\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-359501\" style=\"width: 333px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-359501\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Source-ICAR-1.jpg?resize=333%2C229&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Murrah\" width=\"333\" height=\"229\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Source-ICAR-1.jpg?resize=300%2C206&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Source-ICAR-1.jpg?resize=1024%2C703&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Source-ICAR-1.jpg?resize=768%2C527&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Source-ICAR-1.jpg?w=1264&amp;ssl=1 1264w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 333px) 100vw, 333px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-359501\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source &#8211; ICAR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>It is the <strong>most important breed of buffaloes<\/strong> whose home is <strong>Rohtak, Hisar and Jind of Haryana and Nabha and Patiala districts of Punjab.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Synonyms:<\/strong> <strong>Delhi, Kundi, Kali<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The <strong>colour<\/strong> is usually <strong>jet black<\/strong> with <strong>white markings on tail<\/strong> and <strong>face<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>tightly curved horn<\/strong> is an important character of this breed.<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>body size<\/strong> is <strong>massive, neck and head<\/strong> are comparatively <strong>long<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Head<\/strong> of <strong>females<\/strong> is <strong>short<\/strong>, <strong>fine and clear cut<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hips<\/strong> are <strong>broad<\/strong> and fore and hind quarters are drooping.<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>buffalo cows<\/strong> of this breed are one of the <strong>most efficient milk and butter fat producers<\/strong> in India.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Butter fat content<\/strong> is <strong>7% Average lactation<\/strong> yield is vary from <strong>1500-2500 kg<\/strong> the average milk yield is <strong>8 kg\/day.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>While a few individual <strong>animals yield much as 19.1 kg\/day.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Age at first calving<\/strong> is <strong>45-50 months<\/strong> and <strong>inter calving period<\/strong> is <strong>450-500 days<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>News: The Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, has successfully produced five healthy Sahiwal calves, including a female, through test-tube embryo transfer (OPU\u2013IVF\u2013ET) technology. About OPU\u2013IVF\u2013ET technology The &#8216;OPU\u2013IVF\u2013ET&#8217; technology stands for &#8216;Ovum Pick-Up (OPU) and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and Embryo Transfer. Mechanism of technology In this process, mature eggs are collected from animals using&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/opu-ivf-et-technology-and-cattle-breeds\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">OPU\u2013IVF\u2013ET technology and Cattle Breeds<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10393,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1566,3127,956,1738,11209,12039,11834],"tags":[11872],"class_list":["post-359499","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-daily-factly-articles","category-economy","category-schemes-and-programs","category-science-and-technology-daily-factly-articles","category-geography-in-news","category-knolls","category-species-in-news","tag-9pm-daily-factly","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/359499","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10393"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=359499"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/359499\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=359499"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=359499"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=359499"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}