{"id":36635,"date":"2018-11-06T17:11:19","date_gmt":"2018-11-06T11:41:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=36635"},"modified":"2018-11-09T09:57:03","modified_gmt":"2018-11-09T04:27:03","slug":"no-respite-from-poverty-for-muslims","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/no-respite-from-poverty-for-muslims\/","title":{"rendered":"No respite from poverty for Muslims"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/no-respite-from-poverty-for-muslims\/article25429598.ece\"><strong>No respite from poverty for Muslims<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The article discusses about the deteriorating economic condition of Muslims\u00a0 despite India being the fastest-growing large economy.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Important Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>The National Sample Survey Office <strong>(NSSO) 68th round (2011-12) labour force survey <\/strong>by an analysis of the data on economic and educational indicators for various religious groups reveals that Muslims are facing a vicious circle of poverty.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Findings of the survey:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>The educational attainment of Muslims is the least among all these communities.<\/li>\n<li>The number of illiterate people is highest among Muslims (190 per 1,000), followed by Hindus (84), Sikhs (79) and Christians (57).<\/li>\n<li>Around half the Muslim population over 15 years is either<strong> illiterate<\/strong> or has only primary or middle school education.<\/li>\n<li>The number of persons (over 15 years) who have obtained just <strong>primary or middle school <\/strong>education among Muslims is 257 and 198 (per 1,000 persons), respectively.<\/li>\n<li>While the <strong>course fee <\/strong>is the same for all religious groups, its burden is highest among Muslims due to their per capita income.<\/li>\n<li>The course fee for upper primary education accounts for 8.5% of the yearly per capita spending for Muslims, followed by Hindus (7.4%), Christians (5.4%) and Sikhs (5.03%).<\/li>\n<li>The number of Muslims educated up to the <strong>secondary and higher secondary levels<\/strong> is 162 and 90 per 1,000 persons, respectively, again the least among all the communities.<\/li>\n<li>The number of<strong> male graduates among Muslims<\/strong> is 71 per 1,000, less than even half the number of graduates (per 1,000) in other communities, ,including Hindus, Christians and Sikhs.<\/li>\n<li>In urban areas, the number of male <strong>Muslim postgraduates<\/strong> is as low as 15 per 1,000 which is about four times lower than that of other communities. The situation is similar for<strong> Muslim women. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Thus, as compared to other communities, the distribution of the Muslim population is least at the higher levels of education and highest at the lower levels of education.<\/li>\n<li>Likewise, the<strong> current attendance rate <\/strong>among Muslims is least across all age groups. The number of Muslim males of 5-14 years in urban areas attending educational institutions is 869 per 1,000 persons, which is the <strong>least among all <\/strong>religious groups and these gaps are incressingly pronounced at higher age groups.<\/li>\n<li>It is higher among Christians (981), followed by Sikhs (971), though it is lower among Hindus (955), possibly because Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes have lower rates.<\/li>\n<li>Likewise, the<strong> worker population ratio (WPR)<\/strong>, defined as the number of persons employed per 1,000 persons, is lowest among Muslims, both in rural and urban areas.<\/li>\n<li>Further, among <strong>urban males, <\/strong>the number of Muslims employed in regular jobs is only 288 per 1,000 employed persons, while the corresponding figure among <strong>urban Muslim females<\/strong> is merely 249, which is the lowest among all other communities.<\/li>\n<li>The number of<strong> regular employees<\/strong> per 1,000 employed persons is higher among Christians (494 among urban males and 647 among urban females), followed by Hindus (463 and 439), and Sikhs (418 and 482).<\/li>\n<li>Similarly, the proportion of households with their major source of income from regular salaried jobs is the lowest among Muslims.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong>Reasons for low educational attainment among Muslims:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>According to the NSSO survey, the <strong>average per capita consumption expenditure<\/strong> (used as an indicator of income) among Muslims is just \u20b932.66 per day, which is the least among all religious groups.<\/li>\n<li>It is highest among Sikhs (\u20b955.30), followed by Christians (\u20b951.43) and Hindus (\u20b937.50).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><strong>Impacts:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>The high level of illiteracy among Muslims and the low levels of general education ensure that they are trapped in a vicious circle of poverty.<\/li>\n<li>It is visible in terms of their low consumption expenditure and poor job market indicators, including LFPR, employment status, and worker population ratio.<\/li>\n<li>The NSSO data show that LFPR among Muslims is 342 and 337 (per 1,000) in urban and rural areas, respectively, the least among all the religious communities.<\/li>\n<li>Similarly, the LFPR among Muslim women is worse than that among women of other communities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li><strong>Way Forward:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>The Central and State governments could take concerted steps to help Indian Muslims escape this vicious circle of poverty.<\/li>\n<li>Provide a special incentive and subsidy system for higher education which will ensure that school going students continue to higher levels of schooling and higher education.<\/li>\n<li>Similarly, students who don\u2019t wish to continue in general academic education must have access to vocational education from Class 9 onwards.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>No respite from poverty for Muslims News: The article discusses about the deteriorating economic condition of Muslims\u00a0 despite India being the fastest-growing large economy. Important Facts: The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) 68th round (2011-12) labour force survey by an analysis of the data on economic and educational indicators for various religious groups reveals that&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/no-respite-from-poverty-for-muslims\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">No respite from poverty for Muslims<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[555],"tags":[588,587,590,589,378],"class_list":["post-36635","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-test-1","tag-condition-of-muslims","tag-gs2","tag-low-education-among-muslims","tag-nsso-68th-round","tag-social","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1700989125},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36635","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36635"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36635\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36635"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36635"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36635"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}