{"id":370983,"date":"2026-09-03T16:02:54","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T10:32:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/?p=370983"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:02:54","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T10:32:54","slug":"reverse-vaccinology-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/reverse-vaccinology-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Reverse Vaccinology"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"content-box-green\">\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong> British scientists have taken an important first step towards developing a universal pneumococcal vaccine using reverse vaccinology.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"red-h2-box\">About Reverse Vaccinology<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_370994\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-370994\" style=\"width: 452px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-370994\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Source-ScienceDirect.jpg?resize=452%2C247&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Reverse Vaccinology\" width=\"452\" height=\"247\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Source-ScienceDirect.jpg?resize=300%2C164&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Source-ScienceDirect.jpg?resize=768%2C420&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Source-ScienceDirect.jpg?w=948&amp;ssl=1 948w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 452px) 100vw, 452px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-370994\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source &#8211; ScienceDirect<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reverse vaccinology<\/strong>\u00a0is a <strong>process of vaccine discovery<\/strong> that <strong>starts in silico (on a computer)<\/strong> using the <strong>genetic information of a pathogen,<\/strong> rather than starting in the laboratory with the pathogen itself.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Coined by:<\/strong> The term reverse vaccinology was <strong>coined by Rino Rappuoli in 2000.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Working Mechanism:<\/strong> It <strong>combines bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics, and immunolog<\/strong>y to identify and validate potential vaccine targets.\n<ul>\n<li>Scientists <strong>first sequence the pathogen\u2019s genome<\/strong> to <strong>obtain information about its genes and proteins.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Scientists use <strong>bioinformatic tools to study the genes in the genome<\/strong> and <strong>identify those that can produce proteins located on the pathogen\u2019s surface.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Protein Identification:<\/strong> Scientists <strong>select proteins that are easily accessible to the immune system<\/strong> and <strong>have little or no similarity to human proteins.<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>They further <strong>assess their predicted shape, stability<\/strong>, and <strong>ability to produce a strong and lasting immune response.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>identified proteins are tested in animals or through laboratory assays<\/strong> to determine whether they can stimulate an immune response and provide protection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Key Features of Reverse Vaccinology:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>It <strong>reduces the time <\/strong>needed to <strong>identify and isolate suitable antigens<\/strong> compared with conventional vaccine design.<\/li>\n<li>It can support vaccine development against pathogens that cannot be grown in culture.<\/li>\n<li>It helps <strong>identify potential vaccine targets<\/strong> when it is difficult to determine which antigens can produce a protective immune response.<\/li>\n<li>It can <strong>help identify proteins shared across different serotypes<\/strong>, which may <strong>support the development of vaccines with wider coverage.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Limitations:<\/strong> It <strong>cannot identify carbohydrates and other cellular structures<\/strong> that are not directly encoded by the genome.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Applications:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>First use:<\/strong> It was first used <strong>against Neisseria meningitidis<\/strong> for vaccine development.<\/li>\n<li><strong>COVID-19:<\/strong> Genome sequencing helped identify the spike-protein gene for COVID-19 vaccine development.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pneumococcal vaccine:<\/strong> Scientists are <strong>using the approach to identify proteins for a universal pneumococcal vaccine.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>News: British scientists have taken an important first step towards developing a universal pneumococcal vaccine using reverse vaccinology. About Reverse Vaccinology Reverse vaccinology\u00a0is a process of vaccine discovery that starts in silico (on a computer) using the genetic information of a pathogen, rather than starting in the laboratory with the pathogen itself. Coined by: The&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/reverse-vaccinology-2\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Reverse Vaccinology<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10401,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1566,1738,12039],"tags":[11872],"class_list":["post-370983","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-daily-factly-articles","category-science-and-technology-daily-factly-articles","category-knolls","tag-9pm-daily-factly","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/370983","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10401"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=370983"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/370983\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=370983"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=370983"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=370983"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}