{"id":371916,"date":"2026-09-17T13:44:16","date_gmt":"2026-09-17T08:14:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/?p=371916"},"modified":"2026-09-18T12:00:32","modified_gmt":"2026-09-18T06:30:32","slug":"montreal-protocol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/montreal-protocol\/","title":{"rendered":"Montreal Protocol"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"content-box-green\">\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong> The 2025 Antarctic ozone hole was among the smallest in recent decades, reflecting the continuing recovery of the ozone layer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"red-h2-box\">About Montreal Protocol<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_372001\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-372001\" style=\"width: 429px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-372001\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Source-UNEP.jpg?resize=429%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Montreal Protocol\" width=\"429\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Source-UNEP.jpg?resize=300%2C140&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Source-UNEP.jpg?resize=1024%2C476&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Source-UNEP.jpg?resize=768%2C357&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Source-UNEP.jpg?w=1124&amp;ssl=1 1124w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 429px) 100vw, 429px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-372001\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source &#8211; UNEP<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Montreal Protocol<\/strong>\u00a0is a landmark <strong>multilateral environmental agreement<\/strong> that <strong>regulates the production and consumption<\/strong> of <strong>ozone-depleting substances (ODS).<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Adoption:<\/strong> It was <strong>adopted on 16 September 1987,<\/strong> which is <strong>commemorated as World Ozone Day.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Entry into Force:<\/strong> It entered into <strong>force on 1 January 1989.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Universal Ratification:<\/strong> It achieved <strong>universal ratification by all 197 UN member states.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Parent Convention:<\/strong> The Montreal Protocol sits under the<strong> Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (1985).<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Target Substances:<\/strong> It regulates <strong>nearly 100 synthetic chemicals,<\/strong> including <strong>CFCs, halons, HCFCs, carbon tetrachloride and methyl chloroform.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Governance:<\/strong> The <strong>Meeting of the Parties<\/strong> is the <strong>governance body<\/strong> of the Montreal Protocol.\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>Open-ended Working Group<\/strong> provides <strong>technical support to the Parties. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The <strong>Ozone Secretariat assists the Parties<\/strong> and is based at the <strong>UN Environment Programme headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Financial Mechanism:<\/strong> The <strong>Multilateral Fund<\/strong> provides <strong>financial and technical assistance<\/strong> to developing countries (Article 5 countries) to <strong>help them shift to alternative, non-ODS technologies.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Key Amendments:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>London Amendment (1990):<\/strong> Added new ODS, including <strong>methyl chloroform and carbon tetrachloride,<\/strong> to the phase-out schedule.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Copenhagen Amendment (1992):<\/strong> <strong>Accelerated phase-out dates and included methyl bromide.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Kigali Amendment (2016):<\/strong> Introduced a <strong>phase-down of HFCs, which<\/strong> are powerful <strong>greenhouse gases despite not depleting ozone.<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>It <strong>targets an 80\u201385% reduction in HFC consumption<\/strong> and <strong>production by the late 2040s.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"yellow-h2-box\">India\u2019s Stance<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>India<\/strong> signed the <strong>Montreal Protocol in 1992 .<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Implementation:<\/strong> Implementation in India is <strong>managed by the Ozone Cell.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Institutional Support:<\/strong> The Ozone Cell <strong>functions under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC).<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Regulatory Framework:<\/strong> Implementation is <strong>supported by the Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Kigali Amendment:<\/strong> India <strong>ratified the Kigali Amendment in September 2021.<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>India <strong>aims to reduce HFC consumption by 85% by 2047 from its 2024\u201326 baseline.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>News: The 2025 Antarctic ozone hole was among the smallest in recent decades, reflecting the continuing recovery of the ozone layer. About Montreal Protocol Montreal Protocol\u00a0is a landmark multilateral environmental agreement that regulates the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS). Adoption: It was adopted on 16 September 1987, which is commemorated as World Ozone&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/montreal-protocol\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Montreal Protocol<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10401,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1566,4182,12039],"tags":[11872],"class_list":["post-371916","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-daily-factly-articles","category-environment","category-knolls","tag-9pm-daily-factly","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/371916","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10401"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=371916"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/371916\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=371916"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=371916"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=371916"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}