{"id":39847,"date":"2019-01-04T13:30:53","date_gmt":"2019-01-04T08:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=39847"},"modified":"2019-01-04T12:34:09","modified_gmt":"2019-01-04T07:04:09","slug":"answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-january-3-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-january-3-2019\/","title":{"rendered":"Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 January 3, 2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

Archives<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

Q 1) What do you mean by surrogacy? What are the major concerns associated with commercial surrogacy in India? Critically discuss the Surrogacy (Regulation) bill, 2016 (GS-2)<\/b>
\n<\/b><\/p>\n

Answer:<\/b><\/p>\n

Surrogacy refers to a contract in which a woman carries a pregnancy \u201cfor\u201d another couple.<\/span><\/p>\n

Major concerns wrt commercial surrogacy:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Deaths of surrogate mothers due to neglect of health.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Baby Manji Yamada case – Japanese couple who availed of surrogacy in India, divorced while the surrogate mother was pregnant. They then refused to take ownership of child.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Uncertainties of pregnancy – when twins\/triplets are born in place of a single child.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. preventing exploitation of women especially those from rural and tribal belts.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. India is used as a tourist spot for foreign couples exploiting loopholes of the law.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Surrogacy(Regulation) Bill, 2016:<\/b><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Permits surrogacy only for the Indian couples who cannot have children by natural methods or the technologies present in this field.<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. Couples married for 5 years between the age group 23-50 years for women and 26-55 years for men who do not have a surviving child are eligible for surrogacy.<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. The surrogate mother should be a close relative of the intending couple in the age group of 25-35 years and shall act as surrogate only once in her lifetime.<\/span><\/li>\n
    4. The child born through surrogacy will have the rights of a biological child.<\/span><\/li>\n
    5. OCIs, NRIs, foreigners, unmarried couples, single parents, live-in partners and homosexual couples are barred from commissioning the services of surrogate mothers.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Q 2) Discuss the major causes behind Declining Female Labour Participation rates in India. What are the steps taken by Indian Government to encourage women participation in workforce? (GS-3)<\/b><\/p>\n

      Answer:<\/b><\/p>\n

      In 2012, only 27% of adult Indian women had a job, or were actively looking for one, compared to 79% of men.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Participation in workforce has declined because:<\/b><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. On supply side, increased incomes of men allow women to withdraw from workforce. <\/span><\/li>\n
      2. On demand side, there is a lower demand for women due to:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        a) Farm mechanization<\/span><\/p>\n

        b) Insufficient availability of type of jobs that women prefer<\/span><\/p>\n

        c) Security concerns & social norms<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Poorly equipped with skills and persisting low literacy rates<\/span><\/li>\n
        2. Unemployment challenge in transition to a service led economy<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Steps taken by Indian government:<\/b><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. India ratified the Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) in 1993.<\/span><\/li>\n
          2. The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961<\/span><\/li>\n
          3. The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 <\/span><\/li>\n
          4. In Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan SC formulated guidelines for the protection against sexual harassment of working women at their place of work.<\/span><\/li>\n
          5. Pradhan Mantri Mahila Shakti Kendra scheme \u2013 empowerment of rural women.<\/span><\/li>\n
          6. National Creche Scheme \u2013 day care facilities to children of age group of 6 months to 6 years of working women.<\/span><\/li>\n
          7. Rashtriya Mahila Kosh \u2013 micro credit to poor women for various livelihood supports.<\/span><\/li>\n
          8. Working women hostels \u2013 safe accommodation for women working away from their place of residence.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

             <\/p>\n

            Q 3) Analyze Ethical aspect of Indian Government stand for non-acceptance of financial assistance from international states to provide rehabilitation and resettlement facilities for Kerala flood victims?<\/b><\/p>\n

            Answer:<\/b><\/p>\n

            Reasons behind the stand:<\/b><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. It may be used as a bargaining point for the donor country to flex India\u2019s stance in some issue of importance.<\/span><\/li>\n
            2. India has a long-standing policy of refusing foreign aid with disasters.<\/span><\/li>\n
            3. India\u2019s National Disaster Management Plan, which was published in 2016, states that the government \u201cdoes not issue any appeal for foreign assistance in the wake of a disaster.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n
            4. Although the Indian government is not accepting help from foreign nations, it\u2019s still welcoming contributions from non-resident Indians, people of Indian origin and non-government organizations<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Ethical issues in Indian government\u2019s responses:<\/b><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. It puts national pride before welfare of citizens.<\/span><\/li>\n
              2. It negates the idea that nation exists to serve its citizens better.<\/span><\/li>\n
              3. It may jeopardise the bilateral relations with the donor nation and also the Indian immigrants there.<\/span><\/li>\n
              4. The issue of disaster rescue and rehabilitation should not be politicised between two nations\u2019 bilateral struggles.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                 <\/p>\n

                Q 4) Rising Communal tension in India questions the Secular nature of Indian Society aspired by the Constitution of India. Analyze the factors responsible for growing in-tolerance in Indian Society? (GS 1)<\/b><\/p>\n

                Answer:<\/b><\/p>\n

                Secularism in India means equal treatment of all religions by the state. With the 42nd \u00a0Amendment of the Constitution of India enacted in 1976,<\/span> the Preamble to the Constitution asserted that India is a secular nation.<\/span><\/p>\n

                Reasons for growing intolerance in society:<\/b><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Generally religious intolerance arises in the society and divides the nation.<\/span><\/li>\n
                2. Divisive and vicious media propaganda and failure of media to play a neutral role.<\/span><\/li>\n
                3. Communal politics of some fringe groups and support from mainstream political parties.<\/span><\/li>\n
                4. Failure of law and order mechanism to prevent events like the mob lynchings by Gau Rakshak groups, Ghar Wapsi and communally hatred propaganda on social media websites.<\/span><\/li>\n
                5. Suppressing dissenting opinions as witnessed in the deaths of journalists life Gauri Lankesh.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Archives Q 1) What do you mean by surrogacy? What are the major concerns associated with commercial surrogacy in India? Critically discuss the Surrogacy (Regulation) bill, 2016 (GS-2) Answer: Surrogacy refers to a contract in which a woman carries a pregnancy \u201cfor\u201d another couple. Major concerns wrt commercial surrogacy: Deaths of surrogate mothers due to… Continue reading Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 January 3, 2019<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":2292,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39847","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mains-marathon-answers","category-public","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pen-paper-laptop.jpg?fit=1000%2C500&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1700994491},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39847","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39847"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39847\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39847"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39847"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39847"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}