{"id":42485,"date":"2019-02-27T13:30:00","date_gmt":"2019-02-27T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=42485"},"modified":"2019-02-27T12:00:32","modified_gmt":"2019-02-27T06:30:32","slug":"answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-february-26-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-february-26-2019\/","title":{"rendered":"Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 February 26, 2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

Archives<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Q.1) Describe the reasons behind the Cuban missile crisis and what were its major consequences?<\/b><\/p>\n

Answer:<\/b><\/p>\n

When Fidel Castro asked for help from USSR, it agreed for plotting its missiles in Cuba which was its nearest station to USA. USA also strengthened its stations nearby USSR. In 1962, the situation came to the brink with the possibility of nuclear attack when both the blocs signed treaty and Cuba remained out of influence of USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Causes:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Cold war rivalry between USA and USSR<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    a) Creation of NATO<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Bay of Pigs invasion<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. Cuba under Castro made deals with the USSR and posed a threat to it<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      a) Castro shut down all American businesses, America retaliated by refusing to buy Cuba’s supplies<\/span><\/p>\n

      b) Castro favours Communism<\/span><\/p>\n

      Effects:<\/b><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. This caused US to stop all trade between them and Cuba<\/span><\/li>\n
      2. Caused US and Russia to try and beat each other at space. They also started the nuclear race<\/span><\/li>\n
      3. In order to prevent future crises, a Moscow-Washington hotline was set up in the White House to facilitate direct communication between the leaders of the Soviet Union and the United States<\/span><\/li>\n
      4. In August 1963, the United States, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain signed a treaty banning atmospheric and underwater nuclear testing.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

         <\/p>\n

        Q.2) Coastal security is a complex task due to India\u2019s vast coastline and multiplicity of agencies dealing with it. Discuss the challenges and strategies for effective coastal security.<\/b><\/p>\n

        Answer:<\/b><\/p>\n

        Threats to Coastal Security:<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Maritime Terrorism \u2013 terrorist acts and activities within the maritime environment, using or against vessels or fixed platforms at sea or in port. <\/span><\/li>\n
        2. Piracy and Armed Robbery \u2013 shallow waters of the Sundarbans have been witnessing \u2018acts of violence and detention\u2019 by gangs of criminals that are akin to piracy. The gangs attack fishermen, hijack their boats, hold them hostage for ransom.<\/span><\/li>\n
        3. Smuggling and Trafficking \u2013 Indian coasts have been susceptible to smuggling. Gold, electronic goods, narcotics, and arms have been smuggled through the sea for a longtime.<\/span><\/li>\n
        4. Infiltration, Illegal Migration and the Refugee Influx \u2013 India\u2019s land boundaries have always been porous to infiltration by terrorists\/militants and large scale illegal migration.<\/span><\/li>\n
        5. Straying of Fishermen beyond the Maritime Boundary \u2013 The frequent straying of fishermen into neighboring country waters has not only jeopardized the safety of the fishermen but has also raised national security concerns.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Recommendations:<\/b><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Surveillance and interagency coordination \u2013 India needs better surveillance coverage. Beyond expediting the installation of coastal radar chains and National Automatic Identification System AIS stations and ensuring broad access to information, the authorities must ensure the mandatory fitment of AIS on power-driven vessels with a length more than 10m.<\/span><\/li>\n
          2. Stronger involvement of coastal police \u2013 Instead of setting up a coastal border security force with no legal powers, the authorities must move to strengthen and better integrate the coastal police into the littoral security architecture.<\/span><\/li>\n
          3. National commercial maritime security policy document \u2013 It must also promulgate a National Strategy for Commercial Maritime Security for efficient, coordinated, and effective action for protection of the port and shipping infrastructure<\/span><\/li>\n
          4. Training Marine Police \u2013 MHA to concentrate on training of marine police with recruitment of talented local fishermen and provision of incentives such as sea duty allowance.<\/span><\/li>\n
          5. Creation of a joint technical cadre along with logistics infrastructure for maintenance of boats used for patrolling so as to address the issues related to operational availability of these assets.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

             <\/p>\n

            Q.3)Discuss Amartya Sen\u2019s capability approach of distributive justice in the Indian context.<\/b><\/p>\n

            Answer:<\/b><\/p>\n

            The capability approach is a theoretical framework that entails two claims:<\/span><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. the freedom to achieve well-being is of primary moral importance<\/span><\/li>\n
            2. freedom to achieve well-being is to be understood in terms of people’s capabilities, that is, their real opportunities to do and be what they have reason to value<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Areas to address in Indian context:<\/b><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. today when people talk of progress or development they are merely talking of \u201ceconomic development\u201d which simply means expansion of the economy in terms of GDP growth<\/span><\/li>\n
              2. It provides dignity to human race because the economic model of development has reduced people to the status of producers and consumers<\/span><\/li>\n
              3. Rather than talking of some theoretical equality of people or seeing them in terms of numbers, the capability approach explicitly recognizes the differences among individuals<\/span><\/li>\n
              4. It also accepts that people\u2019s abilities are affected by external factors coming from interaction with other people, social arrangements, access to infrastructure and public services, discriminations, opportunities to participate in social and political activities, freedom to speak and influence state policies, and so on<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                 <\/p>\n

                Q.4) What is unregulated deposit scheme? Why there is a need to ban unregulated deposit scheme? What are the features of Banning of Unregulated Deposit Schemes Bill?<\/b><\/p>\n

                Answer:<\/b><\/p>\n

                A deposit-taking scheme is defined as unregulated if it is not registered with the regulators.<\/span><\/p>\n

                Problems:<\/b><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Popular deposit schemes such as chit funds and gold schemes usually do not come under the purview of government regulators. \u00a0These schemes exploit existing regulatory gaps and lack of strict administrative measures.<\/span><\/li>\n
                2. The worst victims of these schemes are the poor and the financially illiterate, and the operations of such schemes are often spread over many States. The Saradha chit fund scam in West Bengal is just one example of such a heinous financial crime against depositors. <\/span><\/li>\n
                3. A Ponzi scheme is \u201can investment fraud that involves payment of purported returns to existing investors from funds contributed by new investors<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Provisions of the Bill:<\/b><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. Define deposits and Deposit takers<\/span>\n