{"id":49112,"date":"2019-07-10T15:46:09","date_gmt":"2019-07-10T10:16:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogadmin.forumias.com\/?p=49112"},"modified":"2019-07-10T15:46:09","modified_gmt":"2019-07-10T10:16:09","slug":"answered-discuss-the-issue-and-various-causes-of-urban-floods-in-india-give-some-measures-to-prevent-urban-flooding-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answered-discuss-the-issue-and-various-causes-of-urban-floods-in-india-give-some-measures-to-prevent-urban-flooding-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"[Answered] Discuss the issue and various causes of urban floods in India. Give some measures to prevent urban flooding in India."},"content":{"rendered":"\n
Demand of the question<\/strong>
Introduction. <\/strong>Give a brief introduction.
Body. <\/strong>Causes of urban flooding in India.
Conclusion. <\/strong>Way forward. <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n

Urban Flooding is accumulation<\/strong> of water in an area either by direct rainfall or through spill of huge amount of water from water bodies beyond normal limits. It lead to temporary relocation of people, damage<\/strong> to civic amenities, deterioration<\/strong> of water quality and risk of epidemics<\/strong>. Over the past several years there is increasing trend of urban flood disasters in India whereby major cities in India have been severely affected. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes<\/strong>:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Natural causes:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
  1. Meteorological phenomenon<\/strong>– Natural\nphenomenon like storms, Cyclone<\/strong>\nlike Vardah, Phailin making landfalls in coastal areas induce heavy rainfall\nleading to floods.<\/li>
  2. Heavy rainfall during\nmonsoons-<\/strong> <\/strong>Erratic\nmonsoon, monsoon bursts lead to tremendous amount of rain in\nshort period <\/strong>leading to the situation of floods. Further\ncemented paves and roads cause choking of drainage with water accumulating\nabove it. Lack of exposed soil create a situation of water nit getting seeped into\nthe ground and accumulating.<\/strong><\/li>
  3. Change in course of river<\/strong>– Rivers\nchanging it\u2019s normal course also lead to floods many times. This cause heavy\nhuman loss due to unpreparedness and lack of any planning as it is unexpected. Eg:\nKosi<\/em> in Bihar.<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Anthropogenic causes:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    1. Deforestation and climate\nchange-<\/strong> <\/strong>Global\nclimate change is resulting in changed<\/strong> weather patterns and increased episodes<\/strong>\nof high intensity rainfall events occurring in shorter periods of time. Then\nthe threat of sea-level rise is also looming large, threatening all the coastal\ncities. Cutting of trees<\/strong> for personal, commercial\nand other purposes, especially to expand cities, not only put pressure on\nenvironment but also lead to inability of city to prevent flooding. It lead to\nsoil erosion and more frequently floods.<\/li>
    2. Encroachment of water bodies<\/strong>– Urban\nareas are getting congested<\/strong>.\nIncreasing Migration to the cities and reduced availability of land lead to\nmore encroachment of water bodies and reduced economical services from water\nbodies putting stress on urban resources. Charkop Lake in Maharashtra <\/em>is\na well known example of encroachment.<\/li>
    3. Improper planning-<\/strong> <\/strong>Drainage congestion caused by badly\nplanned construction of bridges , roads , railway tracts, hampers the flow of\nwater and the result is flood. Further no plan of how to tackle flooding\nsituation cause trouble. Though cyclones and floods are routinely visiting India,\ndisaster risk reduction concerns have not been integrated into the plan\neffectively.<\/li>
    4. Increasing Urban population\nand congestion<\/strong>– Increase in the urban population without\ncorresponding expansion of civic facilities such as lack of adequate\ninfrastructure for the disposal of waste results in waste clogging the natural\nchannels and storm water drains. Thus lead to flooding. Also, Urban heat island\neffect has resulted in an increase in rainfall over urban areas.<\/li>
    5. Lack of coordination-<\/strong>\nAmong centre and state, among state and civic bodies, and various departments\nat local level lead to poor planning and implementation of any national or\nstate guidelines to control flood. Inability to coordinate lead to\nadministrative inefficiency to deal with the urban flood situation.<\/li>
    6. Haphazard development plan-<\/strong> Such\ndisasters of urban flooding are bound to come owing to the kind of haphazard\ndevelopment projects being carried out by builders in these cities. <\/strong>Illegal mining for building\nmaterial such as sand and quartzite both on the catchment and on the bed of the\nlake have extremely damaging impact on the water body. For example, the\nJaisamand Lake in Jodhpur, once the only source of drinking water for the city,\nhas been suffering from illegal mining.<\/li>
    7. Unregulated tourism-<\/strong> <\/strong>Excessive and unregulated tourism\nlead to stress on water bodies, thorough increase demand, choking of drainage\nthrough waste, plastic etc. Ashtamudi Lake<\/em> <\/strong>in\nKerala\u2019s Kollam city has become polluted because of spillage of oil from motor\nboats. Using water bodies to attract tourists has become a threat to several\nurban lakes in India. Further no regulation on tourists like closing water\nbodies during stressful season, banning eatables and plastic near water bodies\nfurther aggravate the issue.<\/li>
    8. Unplanned release of water\nfrom dams-<\/strong> <\/strong>Unplanned\nrelease of water from dams without Pre-warning and caution lead to floods many time.\nE.g Unplanned release of water from Nepal had caused floods in Northern\nBihar. <\/em><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Way forward:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      1. Detailed survey of the\nwetlands<\/strong> should be done and then every water body and its\ncatchment should be brought under legal protection.<\/li>
      2. Inclusion of water bodies and their\ncatchment in the city development rules<\/strong> will\nlead to a better planned development of the city.<\/li>
      3. Comprehensive urban planning\n<\/strong>with proper study of topography, drainage, rainfall, soil lithology with\nimproved flood water disposal system.<\/li>
      4. Ensuring the information must be available and easily accessible<\/strong>\nto citizens.<\/li>
      5. Frequent awareness and targeted\norientation programmes in a manner and language which is understandable to most\nvulnerable population of the city. <\/li>
      6. Help of dedicated NGOs\/experts to\nbuild the capacity of residents to tackle the situation.<\/li>
      7. Several decades old drainage system\nin India should be improved as they are unfit to meet the demands of the\npresent population. Urban government should use technology like satellite\nimagery data through Bhuvan and National Urban Information System (NUIS) to map\nnatural drains. <\/li>
      8. Water should be taken as a factor\nwhile constructing and making architectures of buildings (water-centric\napproach).<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        Though climate change and other effects on environment may be the reason for these floods, they are also aggravated and occur frequently in big cities because of anthropogenic activities. There is a need to integrate all the development activities and urban governance. Various organizations and NGOs need to be coordinate with each other and work together. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Demand of the question Introduction. Give a brief introduction. Body. Causes of urban flooding in India. Conclusion. Way forward. Urban Flooding is accumulation of water in an area either by direct rainfall or through spill of huge amount of water from water bodies beyond normal limits. It lead to temporary relocation of people, damage to… Continue reading [Answered] Discuss the issue and various causes of urban floods in India. Give some measures to prevent urban flooding in India.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":49132,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-public","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Mains-Marathon-%40.png?fit=700%2C373&ssl=1","views":{"total":28,"cached_at":1698379626,"cached_date":1698479897},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49112"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49112\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49132"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49112"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}