{"id":49368,"date":"2019-07-11T19:00:13","date_gmt":"2019-07-11T13:30:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogadmin.forumias.com\/?p=49368"},"modified":"2019-07-11T17:22:41","modified_gmt":"2019-07-11T11:52:41","slug":"7-pm-ai-policy-needs-coordinated-intelligence-11th-july-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/7-pm-ai-policy-needs-coordinated-intelligence-11th-july-2019\/","title":{"rendered":"7 PM |AI policy needs coordinated intelligence| 11th July, 2019"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=1Fd2eS1fKg6B62-4ljW3Lavq9D7naRef9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Read\u00a0In-depth analysis of all the Editorials here (opens in a new tab)\">Read\u00a0In-depth analysis of all the Editorials here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Context:<\/strong> Artificial\nIntelligence and its prospects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>AI refers to the\nability of machines to perform cognitive tasks like thinking, perceiving,\nlearning, problem solving and decision making. Initially conceived as a\ntechnology that could mimic human intelligence, AI has evolved in ways that far\nexceed its original conception. With incredible advances made in data\ncollection, processing and computation power, intelligent systems can now be\ndeployed to take over a variety of tasks, enable connectivity and enhance\nproductivity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>How\nthe artificial intelligence can transform Indian society\/economy:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Economic\nimpact:<\/strong>\nAI has the potential to drive growth through enabling: (a) intelligent\nautomation i.e. ability to automate complex physical world tasks that require\nadaptability and agility across industries, (b) labor and capital augmentation:\nenabling humans to focus on parts of their role that add the most value,\ncomplementing human capabilities and improving capital efficiency, and (c)\ninnovation diffusion i.e. propelling innovations as it diffuses through the\neconomy. Accenture, in its recent AI research reports provides a framework for\nevaluating the economic impact of AI and estimates AI to boost India\u2019s annual\ngrowth rate by 1.3 percentage points by 2035.<\/li><li><strong>Health\ncare:<\/strong>\nThe Government of India, through its recent policy interventions, has shown a\nbold commitment to achieve Universal Health Coverage and increased access to\ncomprehensive primary health care. Through the Ayushman Bharat programme\nannounced in Union Budget 2018, probably the world\u2019s largest government funded\nhealth care programme, the Government of India has embarked on a path breaking\njourney to ensure the affordability and accessibility of healthcare in India.\nArtificial intelligence can be used to solve lot of problems like data\ncollection. using Artificial Intelligence to analyze the data it will help to\ngather the data that falls under the particular criteria in certain period of\ntime which will be far more less than what would be time taken by human power.<\/li><li><strong>Manufacturing:\n<\/strong>Under\nthe Make in India initiative, the government aims to increase the share of GDP\nfrom the manufacturing sector to 25% by 2022. This will only be possible if\ntimely and effective interventions by the government are implemented to foster\ngrowth of the manufacturing industry through promotion of technology.&nbsp;\nArtificial Intelligence will be the key determining factor that will decide the\nsurvival of manufacturing SMEs in an increasingly competitive scenario. Not\nadopting this futuristic technology will keep costs elevated, inefficiencies in\nproduction and ultimately make operations unviable via-a-vis competition. The\nfuture is likely to lead to a sharp divide between the AI-enabled and the not\nAI-enabled manufacturing SMEs.<\/li><li><strong>Education:<\/strong> In\nIndia, the importance of a developed education sector is amplified by a large\nyouth population. Estimates indicate that currently over half the population of\nthe country is below the age of 25. As the adoption of digital means of\ngathering data increases, it is important that these methods are effectively\nleveraged to deliver improved education and teaching. The adoption of\ntechnology in education is improving, though not at the pace required. It is\nestimated that schools globally spent nearly USD160 billion on education\ntechnology, or \u2018EdTech\u2019, in 2016, and forecast spending to grow 17% annually\nthrough 2020. Private investment in educational technology, broadly defined as\nthe use of computers or other technology to enhance teaching grew 32% annually\nfrom 2011 through 2015, rising to USD4.5 billion globally.<\/li><li><strong>Skills:<\/strong> A study by EY and Nasscom predicts that by 2022,\naround 46% of the workforce will be engaged in entirely new jobs that do not\nexist today, or will be deployed in jobs that have radically-changed skill\nsets. An&nbsp;Ernst &amp; Young study states that there are 17 million new entrants into the Indian\nworkforce year after year. With&nbsp;half of the\ncountry\u2019s population below the age of 25, a pertinent step would be to prepare the young workforce\nby exposing them to the tech-enabled future of work with AI interfaces, machine\nlearning, and increased automation. Online training programs, inclusion of AI\nand automation in the existing education curriculum, and corporate training\nprograms for new hires can achieve this without much structural change and\ninvestment.<\/li><li><strong>Agriculture:<\/strong> India has not been able to completely\nremove its exploitative dependence on resource intensive agricultural\npractices. Degradation of land, reduction in soil fertility, increased\ndependence on inorganic fertilizers for higher production, rapidly dropping\nwater tables and emerging pest resistance are some of the several\nmanifestations of India\u2019s unsustainable agricultural practices. As global\nclimate becomes more vulnerable and unpredictable, dependence on unsustainable\nand resource intensive agriculture will only heighten the risks of food\nscarcity and agricultural distress. An Accenture study says \u2013 digital farming\nand connected farm services can impact 70 million Indian farmers in 2020, adding\nUSD9 billion to farmer incomes. AI will have significant global impact on\nagricultural productivity at all levels of the value chain.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Issues and challenges related to artificial intelligence:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Employment problems:<\/strong> India\nis no exception to the global AI wave, which is beginning to uproot workers\nfrom their jobs. A recent study by McKinsey and Company 2014 estimates that 6-8\nmillion workers \u201ccurrently employed in routine clerical, customer service, and\nsales jobs could be affected by advancements in machine learning and natural\nlanguage interfaces (speech recognition).\u201d A loss of jobs at this scale can\nhave an impact on economic well-being for a large number of people, who may be\ndependent on these wage-earners, an important consequence for a middle-income country\ntrying to raise a large number of citizens out of poverty.<\/li><li><strong>Social discrimination:<\/strong> Much recent research shows that applications\nbased on machine-learning reflect existing social biases and prejudice. Such\nbias can occur if the data-set the algorithm is trained on is unrepresentative\nof the reality it seeks to represent. If for example, a system is trained on\nphotos of people that are predominantly white, it will have a harder time\nrecognizing non-white people. This is what led a recent Google application to\ntag black people as gorillas. The impact of such data bias can be seriously\ndamaging in India, particularly at a time of growing social fragmentation. It\ncan contribute to the entrenchment of social bias and discriminatory practices,\nwhile rendering both invisible and pervasive the processes through which\ndiscrimination occurs.<\/li><li><strong>&nbsp;Gender\ninequality:<\/strong> women are 34 per cent\nless likely to own a mobile phone than men \u2013 manifested in only 14 per cent of\nwomen in rural India own a mobile phone, while only 30 per cent of India\u2019s\ninternet users are women. Women\u2019s participation in the labor force, currently\nat around 27 per cent, is also declining, and is one of the lowest in South\nAsia. Data sets used for machine learning are thus likely to have a marked gender\nbias. The same observations are likely to hold true for other marginalized\ngroups as well.<\/li><li><strong>Research issues:<\/strong> India\nproduced a whopping 2.6 million STEM graduates in 2016, second only to China\nand more than 4 times the graduates produced by USA, Disappointingly though, an\noverwhelming majority of this talent pool is focused on routine IT development\nand not so much on research and innovation. Exacerbating the problem further, a\nmajority of the small population focused on research almost always prefers to pursue\nadvance degrees (Masters or PhD degrees) to subsequently apply their expertise\nabroad.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Measures\nto be taken by the government:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Research competence:<\/strong> according to NITI Aayog vision document \u201cnational strategy for artificial intelligence\u201d proposed a two-tier integrated approach to boost both core and applied research-<ul><li>COREs (Centers of Research Excellence in Artificial Intelligence): COREs will focus on core research of AI, and will take on the mantle of executing the responsibilities of both ICON and CROSS as per the IM-ICPS framework. Thus, COREs will specialize in creating new knowledge through basic research and will source for fundamental knowledge \/ technologies that will be needed to keep India prepared for the next generation of technologies.<\/li><li>ICTAI (International Centre for Transformational Artificial Intelligence): ICTAIs will provide the ecosystem for application based technology development and deployment; This will be an industry-led initiative and expected to take on the top-level challenges identified or inter ministerial projects calling for AI based solutions.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Skilling:<\/strong> Re-skilling of the current workforce will require integration with relevant existing skilling initiatives, building of new platforms that can enable improved learning, and novel methods of allowing large scale employment generation through promotion of AI. To promote the skills of unskilled following measures to be taken:<ul><li>Incentivizing creation of jobs that could constitute the new service industry.<\/li><li>Recognition and standardization of informal training institution<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Adoption: <\/strong>Adoption of AI in India has been slow and remains limited. Estimates indicate that only 22% of the firms in India use AI in any business process. So To encourage the development of sustainable AI solutions at an appropriate price point for sectors such as health, education, and agriculture, it is necessary that a level playing field be ensured and a supportive environment be created for all players in the value chain. The development of any working AI-based product is a long process with very different specialized activities that are necessary for final delivery, just like any other product or service value chain.<\/li><li><strong>Privacy:<\/strong> Most AI applications rely on huge volumes of data to learn and make intelligent decisions. Machine Learning systems feast on data \u2013 often sensitive and personal in nature \u2013 to learn from them and enhance themselves. This makes it vulnerable to serious issues like data breach and identity theft. So the government should implement the Srikrishna commission recommendations strictly.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Way forward:<\/strong> India,\nbeing the fastest growing economy with the second largest population in the\nworld, has a significant stake in the AI revolution. Artificial Intelligence\n(AI) is poised to disrupt our world. With intelligent machines enabling\nhigh-level cognitive processes like thinking, perceiving, learning, problem\nsolving and decision making, coupled with advances in data collection and\naggregation, analytics and computer processing power, AI presents opportunities\nto complement and supplement human intelligence and enrich the way people live and\nwork.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Source:\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/opinion\/ai-policy-needs-coordinated-intelligence-119071001489_1.html\">https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/opinion\/ai-policy-needs-coordinated-intelligence-119071001489_1.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Read\u00a0In-depth analysis of all the Editorials here Context: Artificial Intelligence and its prospects. AI refers to the ability of machines to perform cognitive tasks like thinking, perceiving, learning, problem solving and decision making. Initially conceived as a technology that could mimic human intelligence, AI has evolved in ways that far exceed its original conception. With&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/7-pm-ai-policy-needs-coordinated-intelligence-11th-july-2019\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">7 PM |AI policy needs coordinated intelligence| 11th July, 2019<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":49370,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[130],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49368","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-7-pm","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/7-PM.png?fit=1000%2C500&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704764118},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49368","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49368"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49368\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49370"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49368"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49368"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49368"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}