{"id":49756,"date":"2019-07-13T19:00:15","date_gmt":"2019-07-13T13:30:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogadmin.forumias.com\/?p=49756"},"modified":"2019-07-13T16:34:40","modified_gmt":"2019-07-13T11:04:40","slug":"7-pm-barking-up-the-wrong-tree-13th-july-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/7-pm-barking-up-the-wrong-tree-13th-july-2019\/","title":{"rendered":"7 PM | Barking up the wrong tree | 13th July, 2019"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=1VDl_0Pjrp9hCTwDtjCo0t8xHkO9q6EXM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Read\u00a0In-depth analysis of all the Editorials here (opens in a new tab)\">Read\u00a0In-depth analysis of all the Editorials here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Context<\/strong>: skill\ndevelopment in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Skill\ndevelopment is critical for economic growth and social development. The\ndemographic transition of India makes it imperative to ensure employment\nopportunities for more than 12 million youths entering working age annually. To\nenable employment ready workforce in the future, the youth need to be equipped\nwith necessary skills and education.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Need\nfor skill development in India:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Demographic transition:<\/strong> India is one of the youngest nations in the\nworld. Over 62 percent of its population is aged between 15 and 59 years. Over\n54 percent of the country\u2019s total populace is below 25 years.\nIndia\u2019s demographic transition makes it imperative to ensure employment\nopportunities for millions of youth each year. <\/li><li><strong>Global\ndemand:<\/strong>\nThe average age of India\u2019s population by 2020 is projected to be the lowest in\nthe world\u2014 around 29 years compared to 37 years in China and the United States\nof America, 45 years in West Europe, and 48 years in Japan. While the global\neconomy is expected to witness a shortage of young population of around 56\nmillion by 2020, India will be the only country with a youth surplus of 47\nmillion. Developed countries provide opportunities to tap potential of\ndemographic dividend of our country.&nbsp; <\/li><li><strong>Supply\nside issues: <\/strong>Amongst the formally skilled labour force, 74% have\nhigher secondary or higher education levels, and amongst the labour force with\ninformal skills, 78% of the workforce has completed only middle or lower\neducation. This figures shows lack of combined formal education and skills\ndevelopment in our education system.<\/li><li><strong>Training\ncapacities:<\/strong> The number of people who enter the work force age\ngroup every year is estimated to be 26 million. With average labour\nparticipation rate of 90% for male and 30% for female, at least 16.16 million\nwill enter the workforce and would need to acquire skills.<\/li><li><strong>Unemployment\namong higher education graduates:<\/strong> The Labour Bureau\u2019s survey\nreport for 2013-14 reveals that the proportion of unemployment in labour force\nwith higher education levels is also high. Almost 9% of the graduates and post\ngraduates labour force is currently unemployed as against less than 1% in case\nof illiterates and semi-literate labour force.<\/li><li><strong>Skill\nrequirements by 2022<\/strong>: As per the skill gap study conducted\nby the National Skill Development Cooperation over 2010 &#8211; 2014, there is an\nadditional net requirement of 109.73 million skilled manpower by 2022 across\ntwenty four key sectors. As India strengthens its base as a knowledge economy,\nthere would be additional requirements to the highly skilled workforce in\nsectors like financial services, IT\/ITeS, Biotechnology, Healthcare and\nPharmaceuticals. <strong><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Government\ninitiatives and issues related to skill development:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Policy\nframework:<\/strong>\nThe policy framework governing the skill development ecosystem in India\nincludes the Apprentices Act, 1961, the National Skill Policy and the National\nSkills Qualification Framework (NSQF). With this framework government trying to\nensure skills improvement of country\u2019s labor force.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The apprenticeship act:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Apprenticeship programmes in India are\ngoverned by The Apprentice Act of 1961 and the Apprenticeship Rules of 1992. The\nAct regulates programmes of training of apprentices and makes it obligatory for\nemployers in both public and private sector establishments to have training\ninfrastructure. <\/li><li>The key issues with the apprentices\nsystem in India relate to low participation of workers and employers, low rates\nof stipend, strict regulatory requirements for employers including penalties\nfor non-compliance, less coverage of trades in services sector and lack of\nprogression into higher qualifications.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The national skill policy:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The National Policy on Skill Development\nwas first formulated in 2009 to create a skills ecosystem in India. It acts as\na guide to formulate strategies by addressing the different challenges in skill\ndevelopment. <\/li><li>The government has introduced a National\nPolicy on Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, 2015. The policy aims to\nprovide an umbrella framework to all skill related activities carried out\nwithin the country, to align them to common standards and link skill activities\nwith demand centers. <\/li><li>The sharad Prasad committee added that in its consultations with\nvarious stakeholders, \u201call of them said in one voice that the targets allocated\nto them were very high and without regard to any sectoral requirement.\nEverybody was chasing numbers without providing employment to the youth or\nmeeting sectoral industry needs.\u201d<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>National skills qualification framework:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The National Skills Qualifications\nFramework (NSQF), notified on 27th December 2013, is a competency-based\nframework that organizes all qualifications according to a series of levels of knowledge,\nskills and aptitude.<\/li><li>Under NSQF, the learner can acquire the\ncertification for competency needed at any level through formal, non-formal or\ninformal learning. A foundational problem with this ecosystem is that it is fragmented, and\nhas no uniform standards nor does it allow seamless vertical mobility for\nstudents (unlike the general academic system).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Inadequate infrastructure<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Small shops, basements, tin sheds and\ngodowns. These are not random workplaces but places where private Industrial\nTraining Institutes (ITIs) are running in the country. Disturbing facts such as\nthese come from the report of the Standing Committee on Labour (2017-18) headed\nby B Kirit Somaiya, on the \u201cIndustrial Training Institutes (ITIs) and Skill\nDevelopment Initiative Scheme\u201d of the Ministry of Skill Development and\nEntrepreneurship (MSDE). <\/li><li>The existing infrastructure, both\nphysical and human, is grossly inadequate considering the projected demand for\nskilled labor. In terms of faculty, too, the training infrastructure is\ninadequate. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Measure\nrelated to skill development in India:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Integration:<\/strong>Integration of\nskill development with formal education system, mobilization of students for\nskill development by removing misapprehensions and perceptions about vocational\ntrades, investing in creation of new training capacities for students as well\nas teachers, utilization of idle public infrastructure to provide skill\ntraining in remote corners of the country, encouraging industry to actively\nparticipate in training through provision of apprenticeship as well as through\ndirect involvement in curriculum design and teachers training, adopting\ninnovative skill development delivery mechanisms are the much-needed steps to\nmeet the skill related challenges today.<\/li><li><strong>International\ncollaboration:<\/strong> Germany largely follows a dual-system of vocational\neducation and training (VET). The system is called \u201cdual\u201d because training,\nunder this system, is conducted in two places of learning: in the enterprise\nand in the vocational school. There is a scope of international collaboration\nand assistance in India\u2019s skill development initiatives at almost all levels,\nincluding for creating awareness and capacities, setting standards, improving\nquality, as well as providing placement opportunities.<\/li><li><strong>Infrastructure:<\/strong> Significant\nnew capacities need to be created for training for different trades across the\ncountry. Hence, ideas would have to be developed to utilize the existing\ninfrastructure with government for skill development purpose. The Rajasthan\nSLDC has been implementing an innovative model of movable training institutions\n(mobile vans\/ buses) for some of its remote geographical pockets. A similar\nmodel can be used across India to provide training at village levels and\nthereby encourage rural population, especially women, to take up training for\nspecific skills and earn a living.<\/li><li><strong>Vocational\ntraining: <\/strong>Vocational\ntraining to be integrated into formal education by introducing vocational\neducation for four years from class 9, in at least 25% of schools. Skill\ncourses will be independent subjects that will also carry qualifying marks for\nadmission to higher levels. Pilot projects have already been running in a few\nstates (e.g. Haryana, Karnataka). <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Way\nforward:<\/strong>\nThe country presently faces a dual challenge of severe paucity of\nhighly-trained, quality labor, as well as non-employability of large sections\nof the educated workforce that possess little or no job skills. The skill\ndevelopment issue in India is thus pertinent both at the demand and supply\nlevel. To meet the demand side challenge, consistent efforts are being made\ntowards expansion of economic activities and creation of large employment\nopportunities. On the supply side, a simple look at the projected youth\npopulation provides a fair reason to believe that India has the strength to\ncater to this demand. So the government should take care of both supply-demand\nside issues and laid down a sustainable path for skill development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.financialexpress.com\/opinion\/skill-india-what-govt-needs-to-do-to-make-it-a-success\/1642665\/\">https:\/\/www.financialexpress.com\/opinion\/skill-india-what-govt-needs-to-do-to-make-it-a-success\/1642665\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Read\u00a0In-depth analysis of all the Editorials here Context: skill development in India. Skill development is critical for economic growth and social development. The demographic transition of India makes it imperative to ensure employment opportunities for more than 12 million youths entering working age annually. To enable employment ready workforce in the future, the youth need&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/7-pm-barking-up-the-wrong-tree-13th-july-2019\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">7 PM | Barking up the wrong tree | 13th July, 2019<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":49370,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[130,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-7-pm","category-public","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/7-PM.png?fit=1000%2C500&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704763189},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49756","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49756"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49756\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49370"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49756"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49756"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49756"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}