{"id":54686,"date":"2019-12-20T21:00:58","date_gmt":"2019-12-20T15:30:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogadmin.forumias.com\/?p=54686"},"modified":"2020-02-27T12:04:27","modified_gmt":"2020-02-27T06:34:27","slug":"auto-draft-24","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/auto-draft-24\/","title":{"rendered":"9 PM Current Affairs Brief \u2013 December 20th, 2019"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1596946\">NITI Aayog to\ndraft roadmap for achieving population stabilisation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong> NITI Aayog, in partnership with Population Foundation of India\n(PFI), is organising a National Consultation titled \u201cRealizing the vision of\npopulation stabilization: leaving no one behind\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Family\nPlanning in India: <\/strong>India was the first country to\nevolve a government-backed family planning programme in the 1950s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Different Approaches:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>The Clinic Approach:<\/strong> In the First Five- Year, the natural method of family planning (the\nRhythm Method) was propagated. It was based on the assumption that those who\nneed family planning would visit such clinics without any hesitation.<\/li><li><strong>Extension Approach:<\/strong> It was outlined in the Report of the Director of Family Planning\nfor 1962-63. It involved the adoption of an educational approach to bring about\nchanges in the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of the people in regard to\nfamily planning.<\/li><li><strong>Integrated Approach:<\/strong> It was formulated in the Fifth Five-Year Plan and the Family\nPlanning Programme formed an integral part of Maternal and Child Health\n(M.C.H.) and Nutrition Services.<\/li><li><strong>Camp Approach:<\/strong> Massive vasectomy camps were organised. The approach was introduced\nin 1971-72<\/li><li><strong>The Reproductive and Child\nHealth Approach<\/strong>: The Population Policy of India\nunderwent a major shift with the Programme of Action Adopted at the\nInternational Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) held at Cairo in\nSeptember 1994. Reproductive and sexual health and the rights and the provision\nof services&nbsp;were emphasised on.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The\nNational Population Policy, 2000: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A number of socio-demographic goals were\nformulated to be achieved by 2010. These were:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Reduce infant mortality rate (IMR) to 30 per 1,000 live births.<\/li><li>Reduce maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) to below 100 per 1, 00,000\n live births.<\/li><li>Achieve 80% institutional deliveries<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1597013\">EChO Network\nlaunched to catalyze cross-disciplinary leadership in India<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News<\/strong>: Principal\nScientific Adviser to the Government of India has launched EChO Network<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nEChO Network:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>It is a national program to\nfoster cross-disciplinary leadership in India. <\/li><li>The program is a partnership of\nGovernment, industry and academia. Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser\nto the Govt. of India leads the program. <\/li><li><strong>Aim:<\/strong> increasing research, knowledge, and\nawareness of Indian ecology and the environment<\/li><li>It seeks to develop a national\nnetwork to solve real-world problems in medicine, agriculture, ecology, and\ntechnology.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/india\/bid-to-boost-tourism-rhinos-to-be-re-introduced-in-uttarakhand-6175867\/\"><strong>Rhinos\nto be re-introduced in Uttarakhand<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News<\/strong>: The Uttarakhand State Wildlife Board has cleared a proposal by the\nWildlife Institute of India (WII) to introduce rhinoceroses in the Corbett\nTiger Reserve (CTR)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nJim Corbett National Park<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Jim Corbet National Park was\nestablished in 1936 as Hailey National Park- the first national park in India. <\/li><li>It is located in the Nainital\ndistrict of Uttarakhand. <\/li><li>The park was declared a Tiger\nReserve in 1973- the first to come under the Project Tiger initiative.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Additional\nInformation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The\nGreat one horned Rhinoceros (Indian rhinoceros):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>It is listed as Vulnerable in\nthe IUCN Red List.<\/li><li>There are about 2,600 rhinos in\nIndia, with more than 90% of the population concentrated in Assam\u2019s Kaziranga\nNational Park. Outside Kaziranga, rhinos are found in West Bengal, Uttar\nPradesh and Bihar.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Conservation\nProgrammes in India<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Indian\nRhino Vision (IRV) 2020 programme<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The programme was launched in\n2005 by Assam Forest Department in partnership with WWF-India, the\nInternational Rhino Foundation and US Fish &amp; Wildlife Service.<\/li><li>It aims to attain a wild\npopulation of at least 3,000 greater one-horned rhinos spread over seven\nprotected areas in Assam by the year 2020.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>New\nDelhi Declaration on Asian Rhinos 2019<\/strong>: Under the\ndeclaration India will collaborate with Bhutan, Nepal, Indonesia and Malaysia\nfor conservation and protection of three Asian rhino species- <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Greater one-horned rhinoceros, <\/li><li>Javan rhinoceros( listed as\nCritically Endangered in the IUCN Red List) and <\/li><li>Sumatran rhinoceros (listed as\nCritically Endangered in the IUCN Red List).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>National\nRhino Conservation Strategy for India<\/strong>: it has been\nlaunched by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change<strong>.<\/strong> It aims at strengthening rhino protection\nand expanding present distribution range by at least 5%<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Wildlife Institute of India (WII)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>WII is an autonomous institution under the Ministry of Environment\n Forest and Climate Change. It was established in 1982 and is based in\n Dehradun, Uttarakhand.<\/li><li>It offers training programs, academic courses and advisory in\n wildlife research and management.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/telling-numbers-india-had-most-deaths-caused-by-pollution-in-2017-new-report\/\"><strong>India\nhad most deaths caused by pollution in 2017: new report<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News: <\/strong>Global Alliance on Health and Pollution\n(GAHP) 2019 has released Pollution and Health Metrics: Global, Regional and\nCountry Analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Key\ntakeaways:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In 2017, pollution was responsible for 15% of all deaths globally. <\/li><li>India had the most pollution deaths (about 2.3 million) followed by\nNigeria and China.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Additional\nInformation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>State\nof Global Air 2019 (published by Health Effects Institute (HEI))<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Air pollution had led to 5\nmillion deaths in 2017<\/li><li>South Asian region (Bangladesh,\nIndia, Nepal and Pakistan) had accounted for over 1.5 million deaths.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Indian\nGovt Initiatives to combat Air Pollution:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>National Clean Air Programme (NCAP<\/strong>):\nlaunched in 2019, it is a five-year action plan. it aims at 20%\u201330% reduction\nof PM2.5and PM10 concentration by 2024, taking 2017 as the base year for the\ncomparison of concentration. The programme targets 102 non-attainment cities.<\/li><li><strong>Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojna<\/strong>: It seeks\nto replace unclean cooking fuels used in the most underprivileged households\nwith clean and more efficient LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas). A major objective\nof the scheme is to ensure smoke-free houses and thus curb indoor air\npollution.<\/li><li>The Indian government has also\ndecided to <strong>skip BS-V and directly move\nto BS-VI<\/strong> from 2020. It has further agreed to advance the proposed date for\nEuro-VI from 2026 to 2020.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/business\/draft-bill-proposes-autonomy-for-national-statistical-commission-gives-govt-power-to-make-final-decision-6175886\/\"><strong>Draft\nBill proposes autonomy for National Statistical Commission<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>Government\nhas released the draft National Statistical Commission (NSC) Bill for public\ncomments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About Draft\nNational Statistical Commission(NSC) Bill:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The draft bill is aimed at\nempowering the National Statistical Commission(NSC) to become the nodal body\nfor all core statistics in the country.<\/li><li>Core statistics include national\nincome statistics like GDP, jobs data, industry data and budgetary transactions\ndata.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Features of\nthe Bill:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Draft bill proposes a statutory\nNational Statistical Commission(NSC) with an independent secretariat headed by\na secretary rank officer.<\/li><li>The commission will have a\nChairperson, five whole time members along with Deputy Governor of the Reserve\nBank of India (RBI), Chief Statistician of India(CSI) as other members and\nChief Economic Advisor, Ministry of Finance as the ex-officio member.<\/li><li>The Chairman and the members of the\nCommission shall be appointed by the central government on the recommendation\nof a search committee.<\/li><li>The Bill envisages financial\nautonomy for the commission through an independent National Statistical\nFund.But the commission would be bound by the directions that the Centre may\ngive in the interest of the country.<\/li><li>It also provides for establishing a\nNational Statistical Audit and Assessment Organization within the NSC with a\nchief statistical auditor in the rank of secretary.&nbsp;<\/li><li>All nodal officers designated in\ncentral ministries\/departments \/state government shall be professionally\nresponsible to Chief Statistician of India on core statistics.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Additional\ninformation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About NSC:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Currently,the National Statistical\nCommission(NSC) of India is an autonomous body which was formed in July 2005.<\/li><li>The objective of its commission is\nto reduce the problems faced by statistical agencies in the country in relation\nto collection of data.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/markets\/stocks\/news\/rbi-plans-local-version-of-operation-twist-to-lower-long-term-yields\/articleshow\/72889843.cms\"><strong>RBI plans\nits own &#8216;Operation Twist&#8217;; to buy, sell bonds simultaneously<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>The\nReserve Bank of India has announced that it will carry out US-style &#8216;Operation\nTwist&#8217; to bring down interest rates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nOperation Twist:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Operation Twist is when the central\nbank uses the proceeds from the sale of short-term securities to buy long-term\ngovernment debt papers, leading to easing of interest rates on the long term\npapers.<\/li><li>Operation Twist first appeared in\n1961 as a way to strengthen the U.S. dollar and stimulate cash flow into the\neconomy.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What is the\nRBI\u2019s Operation Twist?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Under Operation Twist,RBI will\nconduct simultaneous purchase and sale of government securities under Open\nMarket Operations (OMO) for \u20b910,000 crore each.<\/li><li>It will purchase the longer-term\nmaturities which are government bonds maturing in 2029 and simultaneously sell\nthe shorter duration ones which are short-term bonds maturing in 2020.<\/li><li>This simultaneous purchase and sale\nwill bring down interest on long term loans which can lead to increase in\neconomic spending.<\/li><li>It may also become a driving factor\nfor long-term economic activity and the addition of new investment stock.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About Open\nMarket operations:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Open market operations is the sale\nand purchase of government securities and treasury bills by RBI or the central\nbank of the country.<\/li><li>The objective of OMO is to regulate\nthe money supply in the economy. The central bank carries out the OMO through\ncommercial banks and does not directly deal with the public.<\/li><li>When the RBI wants to increase the\nmoney supply in the economy, it purchases the government securities from the\nmarket and it sells government securities to out liquidity from the system.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/pti-stories\/naveen-launches-jalsathi-programme-to-supply-safe-drinking-119121801451_1.html\"><strong>Odisha\nlaunches &#8216;Jalsathi&#8217; programme to supply safe drinking water<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>Odisha\nChief Minister has launched the &#8216;Jalsathi\u2019 programme with the aim to ensure\nsupply of safe drinking water to all households in the state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nJalsathi programme:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The JalSathi programme aims to\nensure the supply of clean drinking water to consumers through piped water\nconnections.<\/li><li>The Odisha government has roped in\nwomen volunteers to serve the people as &#8216;Jalasathis&#8217;.This will help boost the\neconomic empowerment of women in the state.<\/li><li>Under the programme, over 5,000\nwomen will be engaged in Odisha to supply safe drinking water.<\/li><li>The Jalasathis will be responsible\nfor testing of water quality, facilitating new water connections and\nregularising connections, reassessing of demands, reading of meter, bill\ngeneration and delivery, collection of water charges and facilitating\ncomplaints redressal.<\/li><li>The programme will be initially\nimplemented in eight wards of Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation under the 5T\ninitiative of the Housing and Urban Development.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Additional\ninformation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nMission Shakti:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Mission Shakti was launched on the\noccasion of International Women&#8217;s Day in 2001 by Chief Minister of Odisha.<\/li><li>The Mission aims at empowering\nwomen through formation and promotion of women Self Help Groups.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindubusinessline.com\/economy\/states-with-smaller-population-take-the-lead-under-pmegp\/article30349801.ece\"><strong>States\nwith smaller population take the lead under PMEGP<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>According\nto the data presented by the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium\nEnterprises,states with smaller population take the lead under Prime Minister\u2019s\nEmployment Generation Programme(PMEGP) in the last four years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The states with smaller populations\nsuch as Tamil Nadu, Assam, Karnataka and Arunachal Pradesh except Uttar Pradesh\nhave emerged as major beneficiaries of the PMEGP in the last four years.<\/li><li>These top five States have\ngenerated 34% of the total employment opportunities created under the\nprogramme.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About Prime\nMinister\u2019s Employment Generation Programme(PMEGP):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Prime Minister\u2019s Employment\nGeneration Programme (PMEGP) is a credit-linked subsidy programme introduced by\nthe government of India in 2008.<\/li><li>The programme is a merger of two\nschemes namely Prime Minister\u2019s Rojgar Yojna and Rural Employment Generation\nProgramme.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The program focuses on generating\nself-employment opportunities through micro-enterprise establishments in the\nnon-farm sector by helping unemployed youth and traditional artisans.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Objectives\nof the programme:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Generation of sustainable and\ncontinuous self-employment opportunities in urban and rural areas of the\ncountry<\/li><li>Providing sustainable and\ncontinuous employment to a large segment of rural and urban unemployed youth,\ntraditional and prospective artisans through the establishment of\nmicro-enterprises<\/li><li>Facilitating the financial\ninstitution\u2019s participation for higher credit flow to the micro sector.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Implementation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Ministry of MSME administers\nthe Prime Minister\u2019s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP).&nbsp;<\/li><li>The PMEGP Scheme is being\nimplemented by Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) at the national\nlevel.&nbsp;<\/li><li>At the State level,the Scheme is\nbeing implemented through State Khadi and Village Industries Commission\nDirectorates, State Khadi and Village Industries Boards and District Industries\nCentres and banks.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theweek.in\/news\/india\/2019\/12\/18\/indian-navy-conducts-anti-hijacking-exercise-off-kochi-coast.html\"><strong>Indian\nNavy &amp; Coast Guard conduct largest-ever anti-hijacking Exercise &#8216;Apharan&#8217;<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>The\nIndian Navy in collaboration with Indian Coast Guard has conducted a large\nscale Anti Hijacking Exercise named Exercise Apharan at the Port of\nKochi,Kerala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nExercise Apharan:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The exercise was aimed at\nstreamlining the response mechanism to thwart any attempt by anti-national\nelements to hijack a merchant vessel or attempt forced entry of a\nrogue\/commandeered merchant vessel into Kochi harbour.<\/li><li>It saw the participation of\nmultiple agencies including more than 12 ships and helicopters of the Indian\nNavy, Indian Coast Guard and Cochin Port Trust.<\/li><li>The exercise allowed all\nstakeholders to assess the preparedness of their organisations, identify gaps\nto address them on priority and formulate an integrated Crisis Management Plan\nfor Kochi Port.<\/li><li>The need for anti-hijacking\nexercises is particularly important for India which suffered from an attack\nfrom the sea during the 2008 Mumbai terror attack.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Additional\ninformation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nPiracy:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Piracy is an act of robbery or\ncriminal violence at sea through illegal use of force by non-state agents,\npopularly known as Pirates.In recent years, the problem of piracy has emerged\nas a major threat to the sea transportation in some parts of the world.<\/li><li>The hot spots of piracy today are\nthe Indian Ocean, East Africa and the Far East including the South China Sea,\nSouth America and the Caribbean.&nbsp;<\/li><li>In recent times,pirates have been\nfound to be very active in the waters between the Red Sea (particularly in Gulf\nof Aden) and Indian Ocean off the Somali coast and in the Strait of Malacca.<\/li><li>While the piracy has declined in\nthe Indian Ocean with no hijackings reported in the Western Indian Ocean in\n2018, it is still present in other waters.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About ICG:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Indian Coast Guard is a\nmulti-mission organization entrusted with superintendence and policing of\nIndia\u2019s maritime areas including the Exclusive Economic Zone.<\/li><li>ICG was formally established in\n1978 by the Coast Guard Act,1978 as an independent Armed force of India.It\noperates under the Ministry of Defence.<\/li><li>The organization is headed by the\nDirector General Indian Coast Guard (DGICG).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/world\/china\/xi-jinping-visits-macao-to-celebrate-20-years-of-china-rule\/articleshow\/72883721.cms\"><strong>Macau\ncelebrates 20 years of China rule<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>Macau\nis celebrating the 20th Anniversary since the former Portuguese colony was\nreturned to China.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nMacao:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Macau is a special administrative\nregion of China.It is an example of One Country,Two Systems.<\/li><li>It is situated on the south-east\ncoast of China near the mouth of the Pearl River.It is 60 kilometres from Hong\nKong.<\/li><li>Macau consists of the Macau\npeninsula and the two islands of Taipa and Coloane.<\/li><li>The Macau retained its previous capitalist\nsystem and way of life rather than adopting the Chinese mainland&#8217;s socialist\nsystem.<\/li><li>Macao also has a high degree of\nautonomy and enjoy executive, legislative and independent judicial power except\nin two areas namely foreign affairs and defense.<\/li><li>But as part of China, Macao is\nunder the leadership of the central government in China.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About One\nCountry,Two Systems:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The &#8220;One Country, Two\nSystems&#8221; principle was an idea that first came into existence in the\n1970s.&nbsp;<\/li><li>In the early 1980s,the then Chinese\nleader Deng Xiaoping put forward the concept in an effort to realize the\npeaceful reunification of China.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>According to Deng,there is only one\nChina \u2013 under this premise the Chinese mainland adheres to the socialist system\nwhile Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan may retain their capitalist systems.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"364\" height=\"205\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogadmin.forumias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Picture1-29.png?resize=364%2C205&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-54693\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/detail\/18-12-2019-who-prequalifies-first-biosimilar-medicine-to-increase-worldwide-access-to-life-saving-breast-cancer-treatment\"><strong>WHO\nlaunches first biosimilar medicine to treat Breast Cancer<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>TheWorld Health Organization(WHO) has launched its first biosimilar medicine\nto treat breast cancer named Trastuzumab.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nTrastuzumab:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Trastuzumab drug was included in\nthe WHO Essential Medicines List in 2015 as an essential treatment for about\n20% of breast cancers.&nbsp;<\/li><li>It has shown high efficacy in\ncuring early stage breast cancer and in some cases more advanced forms of the\ndisease.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nBiosimilar medicines:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Biosimilars are replicas of\nbiologic drugs(original drugs) that are used to treat different types of\ncancers and autoimmune diseases.<\/li><li>Biosimilar medicines are made from\nliving organisms through highly complex manufacturing processes and must be\nhandled and administered under carefully monitored conditions.<\/li><li>They are officially approved\nversions of original products and can be manufactured when the original\nproduct\u2019s patent expires.Reference to the innovator product is an integral\ncomponent of the approval.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Difference\nbetween Biosimilar and Generic medicines:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Biosimilars involve developing\nequivalent of biological entity while generics involve developing equivalent of\na chemical entity-the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient.<\/li><li>Generic medicines are synthesized\nfrom chemicals in a consistent process so that manufacturers can be sure that\neach pill has the same effect every time.<\/li><li>On the other hand,Biosimilar\nmedicines are produced from living organisms through highly complex\nmanufacturing processes.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/portugal-sets-up-gandhi-prize\/article30351193.ece\"><strong>Portugal\nsets up Gandhi prize<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>Portuguese\nPrime Minister has announced the setting up of a Gandhi Citizenship Education\nPrize.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nGandhi Prize:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Gandhi Citizenship Education\nPrize is inspired by the thoughts and life of Gandhi.The award aims to help\nperpetuate the ideals of Mahatma Gandhi.<\/li><li>The first year\u2019s prize will be\ndedicated to animal welfare as Mahatma Gandhi always said that the greatness of\nany country can be evaluated by the way animals are treated.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Additional\ninformation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nNational Committee for the Commemoration Mahatma Gandhi\u2019s 150th Birth\nAnniversary:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The National Committee for the\nCommemoration Mahatma Gandhi\u2019s 150th Birth Anniversary is chaired by President\nat Rashtrapati Bhavan.<\/li><li>Portuguese Prime Minister is the\nonly foreign Prime Minister to be a part of the committee.<\/li><li>The committee also includes\nVice-President, Prime Minister, his Cabinet colleagues and Chief Ministers\napart from Gandhians among others.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1596959\"><strong>DRDO\nsuccessfully flight-tests Pinaka Missile System off Odisha coast<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>Defence\nResearch and Development Organisation(DRDO) has successfully tested Pinaka\nMissile System from the Integrated Test Range, Chandipur off the Odisha coast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nPinaka Missile System:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Pinaka is an artillery missile\nsystem capable of striking into an enemy territory up to a range of 75 km with\nhigh precision.<\/li><li>The Pinaka Mk-II rocket is modified\nas a missile by integrating with the navigation, control and guidance system to\nimprove the accuracy and enhance the range.<\/li><li>The missile system has been jointly\ndeveloped by various Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)\nlaboratories.<\/li><li>The navigation system of the\nmissile is also aided by the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System\n(IRNSS) also called as NAVIC.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Additional\ninformation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nPinaka:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Pinaka rocket systems was named\nafter Pinaka,the bow of Lord Shiva. Pinaka was used for the first time in\nKargil war.<\/li><li>The manufacturing of Pinaka\nmissiles began with the help of Russian technology transfer.The plan was\nformulated in 1983 and manufacturing began in 1994.<\/li><li>Pinaka Mark I was first launched.It\nis an indigenous multi-barrel unguided rocket launch system for firing of\nmultiple warheads.It was used in the 1999 Kargil conflict.It has a range of 40\nkm.<\/li><li>Pinaka Mark I was later transformed\ninto a short-range precision guided missile and thus renamed as Guided Pinaka \u2013\nMark II.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/what-is-section-144-crpc-prohibitory-orders-india-caa-citizenship-act-6175056\/\"><strong>Explained:How\nSection 144 CrPC works<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>Recently,state\ngovernments have issued prohibitory orders under Section 144 of the Code Of\nCriminal Procedure(CrPC),1973 after the protests started against the\nCitizenship Amendment Act.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nSection 144:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Section 144 of the Criminal\nProcedure Code(CrPC) of 1973 authorizes the Executive Magistrate of any state\nor territory to issue an order to prohibit the assembly of four or more people\nin an area.<\/li><li>It is imposed in urgent cases of\nnuisance or apprehended danger of some event that has the potential to cause\ntrouble or damage to human life or property.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Powers\nunder Section 144:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The magistrate can direct any person\nto abstain from a certain act or to take a certain order with respect to\ncertain property in his possession or under his management.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Section also restricts carrying\nany sort of weapon in that area where it has been imposed and people can be detained\nfor violating it.The maximum punishment for such an act is three years.<\/li><li>Moreover,obstructing law\nenforcement agencies from dispersing an unlawful assembly is a punishable\noffence.Section 144 also empowers the authorities to block the internet access.<\/li><li>However, this section can also be\nused to restrict even a single individual.Such an order is passed when the\nmagistrate considers that it is likely to prevent obstruction, annoyance or\ninjury to any person among others.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Duration of\nSection 144 order:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>No order under Section 144 shall\nremain in force for more than two months but the state government can extend\nthe validity for two months and a maximum of up to six months.<\/li><li>However,it can be withdrawn at any\npoint of time if the situation becomes normal.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Court on\nSection 144:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In Ram Manohar Lohia case in 1967,\nthe Supreme Court held that no democracy can exist if public order is freely\nallowed to be disturbed by a section of the citizens.<\/li><li>In Madhu Limaye vs Sub-Divisional\nMagistrate case 1970,the court had said that law may be abused.But it is not\na&nbsp; reason to strike it down.<\/li><li>It further ruled that the\nrestrictions imposed through Section 144 cannot be held to be violative of the\nright to freedom of speech and expression. The imposition of Section 144 falls\nunder the reasonable restrictions under Article 19(2) of the Constitution.<\/li><li>In 2012,the Supreme Court\ncriticised the government for imposing Section 144 against a sleeping crowd in\nRamlila Maidan.The court held that such a provision can be used only in grave\ncircumstances for maintenance of public peace.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NITI Aayog to draft roadmap for achieving population stabilisation News: NITI Aayog, in partnership with Population Foundation of India (PFI), is organising a National Consultation titled \u201cRealizing the vision of population stabilization: leaving no one behind\u201d. Facts: Family Planning in India: India was the first country to evolve a government-backed family planning programme in the&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/auto-draft-24\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">9 PM Current Affairs Brief \u2013 December 20th, 2019<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":48116,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54686","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9-pm-brief","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/9-PM-Brief.png?fit=1000%2C500&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704866545},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54686","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54686"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54686\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48116"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54686"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=54686"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=54686"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}