{"id":54722,"date":"2019-12-29T21:00:55","date_gmt":"2019-12-29T15:30:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogadmin.forumias.com\/?p=54722"},"modified":"2020-02-27T12:33:57","modified_gmt":"2020-02-27T07:03:57","slug":"9-pm-current-affairs-brief-december-29th-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-current-affairs-brief-december-29th-2019\/","title":{"rendered":"9 PM Current Affairs Brief \u2013 December 29th, 2019"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/indian-constitution-preamble-citizenship-amendment-act-caa-protests-br-ambedkar-6190828\/\"><strong>Explained:About\nthe Preamble of the Indian Constitution <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>The Constitution particularly its Preamble, has frequently been at the\ncentre of the ongoing debate over the Citizenship Amendment Act.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nPreamble:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The term \u2018preamble\u2019 refers to the\nintroduction or preface to the Constitution.It contains the summary or essence\nof the Constitution.<\/li><li>It serves two purposes namely\n(a)indicates the source from which the Constitution derives its authority and\n(b)It also states the objects which the Constitution seeks to establish and\npromote.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source\nof Preamble:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Preamble is based on the\nObjective Resolution moved by Jawaharlal Nehru in the Constituent Assembly on\nDecember 13,1946.The Resolution was adopted on January 22, 1947.<\/li><li>On October 17, 1949,the\nConstituent Assembly presided by Rajendra Prasad took up the Preamble for\ndiscussion.<\/li><li>It was adopted on 26 November 1949\nby the Constituent Assembly and came into effect on 26 January 1950, celebrated\nas the Republic Day in India.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Preamble:<\/strong>The Preamble to the Constitution of India states:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201cWe<\/strong>,<strong>THE PEOPLE OF INDIA<\/strong>, having\nsolemnly resolved to constitute India into a <strong>SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC <\/strong>and to secure to\nall its citizens:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>JUSTICE<\/strong>, social, economic and political;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>LIBERTY<\/strong> of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>EQUALITY<\/strong> of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>FRATERNITY<\/strong> assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of\nthe Nation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth\nday of November, 1949, HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS\nCONSTITUTION\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Amendments:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The original Preamble, adopted by\nthe Constituent Assembly in 1949, declared India a \u201cSovereign Democratic\nRepublic\u201d.<\/li><li>By the 42nd Amendment of 1976, the\nwords \u201cSocialist\u201d and \u201cSecular\u201d were inserted; the Preamble now reads\n\u201cSovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic\u201d.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Supreme\nCourt cases related to Preamble:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Berubari\nUnion case,1960:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Supreme Court said that the\nPreamble shows the general purposes behind the several provisions in the\nConstitution.<\/li><li>However,it held that the Preamble\nis not a part of the Constitution.It is also not the source to prohibit the\npower which is given explicitly in the Constitution.Further,the Preamble is\nalso not enforceable in a Court of Law.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kesavananda\nBharaticase,1973:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Supreme Court rejected the\nearlier opinion (in the Berubari Case) and held that the Preamble is a part of\nthe Constitution. <\/li><li>It has observed that Preamble is\nsubject to the amending power of the Parliament as are any other provisions of\nthe Constitution,provided the basic structure of the Constitution is not\ndestroyed.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/3-years-on-a-mere-30-of-poshan-abhiyaan-funds-used\/article30427608.ece\"><strong>3 years on, a\nmere 30% of Poshan Abhiyaan funds used<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>According to the data shared in Parliament, State governments\/UTs have\nutilised a mere 30% of the funds released under the Poshan Abhiyaan or the\nNational Nutrition Mission since it was launched in 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Key\ntakeaways from the data:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The five best performers in terms\nof fund utilisation were Mizoram , Lakshadweep, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh and\nMeghalaya.<\/li><li>The worst five performers were\nPunjab, Karnataka, Kerala, Jharkhand and Assam.<\/li><li>The programme was conceptualised\nto be implemented in phases so the utilisation will increase over the years.<\/li><li>However,few services have showed a\nslow start and are now pickling up like the Integrated Child Development\nServices-Common Application Software(ICDS-CAS).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nPoshan Abhiyan:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Prime Minister\u2019s Overarching\nScheme for Holistic Nutrition or POSHAN Abhiyaan or National Nutrition Mission\nis Government of India\u2019s flagship programme.<\/li><li>It is aimed at improving\nnutritional outcomes among pregnant women, lactating mothers and children by\nreducing the level of stunting, underweight, anaemia and low birth weight by\n2022.<\/li><li>The mission is implemented by the\nMinistry of Women and Child Development.<\/li><li>The mission targets to reduce\nstunting, under-nutrition, anaemia (among young children, women and adolescent\ngirls) and reduce low birth weight by 2%, 2%, 3% and 2% per annum respectively.\n<\/li><li>Although the target to reduce\nStunting is at least 2% p.a.,it strives to achieve a reduction in Stunting from\n38.4% (NFHS-4) to 25% by 2022.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Funding:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The 50% of the funding is through\nbudgetary support.It is further divided into 60:40 between the Centre and the\nStates, 90:10 for north-eastern region and the Himalayan States and 100% for\nthe Union Territories without legislature.<\/li><li>The remaining 50% is from the\nWorld Bank or other multilateral development banks. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"699\" height=\"462\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogadmin.forumias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Picture1-37.png?resize=699%2C462&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-54732\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Additional\ninformation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nICDS:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Integrated Child Development\nService (ICDS) was launched in 1975. <\/li><li>The scheme comes under the purview\nof the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD).&nbsp; <\/li><li>The beneficiaries under the Scheme\nare children in the age group of 0-6 years, pregnant women and lactating\nmothers.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Objectives\nof ICDS:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>improve the nutritional and health\nstatus of children aged 0-6 years<\/li><li>lay the foundation for proper\npsychological, physical and social development of the child<\/li><li>reduce the incidence of mortality,\nmorbidity, malnutrition and school dropout, <\/li><li>promote child development through\neffective coordination of policy and implementation amongst the various\ndepartments,<\/li><li>impart proper nutrition and health\neducation to mothers for enhancing mother&#8217;s capability to address normal health\nand nutritional needs of the child.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-what-is-the-impossible-row-project-in-which-6-men-crossed-the-drake-passage-6190504\/\"><strong>Explained:The\nDrake Passage<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>Recently,six rowers from four countries had crossed the Drake Passage,\nin just under two weeks after pushing off from the southern tip of South\nAmerica. The project was dubbed&nbsp; as the\nImpossible Row.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nthe Impossible Row Project:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The six men rowed for 12 days,1\nhour and 45 minutes making it the first completely human-powered crossing of\nthe passage which was confirmed by the Guinness World Records (GWR).<\/li><li>As per the GWR,the row represents\namong the first row on the Southern Ocean,the first row across the Drake\nPassage and the first row to the Antarctic continent. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nDrake Passage:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Drake Passage is located\nbetween Cape Horn at the tip of South America and the Antarctic Peninsula. <\/li><li>The passage is named after Sir\nFrancis Drake, who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe.<\/li><li>It is also the narrowest stretch\nin the Southern Ocean and spans approximately 800 km between the southern tip\nof South America and the northern tip of the West Antarctic Peninsula.<\/li><li>It is considered one of the\nroughest waterways in the world because here, layers of cold seawater from the\nsouth and warm seawater from the north collide to form powerful eddies.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"501\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogadmin.forumias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Picture2-23.png?resize=750%2C501&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-54733\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-why-russia-avangard-missile-will-have-us-worried-6189727\/\"><strong>Explained:\nRussia Avangard missile<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>Russia\u2019s military has deployed a new intercontinental weapon called the\nAvangard hypersonic missile system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nAvangard Hypersonic missile system:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Avangard hypersonic missile\nsystem is a reentry body carried atop an existing ballistic missile which has\nthe capability to manoeuvre. <\/li><li>It\u2019s manoeuvring capability makes\nit difficult to predict its trajectory and gives it the ability to protect\nitself from the air and ballistic missile defences by delivering nuclear\nwarheads to targets.<\/li><li>The missiles have a range of over\n6,000 km, weigh approximately 2,000 kg and can withstand temperatures of over\n2000 degree celsius.<\/li><li>The missiles can travel more than\n20 times the speed of sound and put Russia ahead of other nations.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nHypersonic missile system:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Hypersonic is generally defined as\na speed of Mach 5 which means at least five times the speed of sound.<\/li><li><strong>Hypersonic Cruise Missiles (HCM):<\/strong>It is a\ntypical cruise missile which is all the way powered to achieve hypersonic\nspeeds of Mach 5 or higher.<\/li><li><strong>Hypersonic Glide Vehicles(HGV)<\/strong>:The missiles\nhave a boost-glide systems.They are launched like a traditional ballistic\nmissile.But instead of following an arc high above the atmosphere,the re-entry\nvehicle is put on a trajectory that allows it to enter Earth&#8217;s atmosphere quite\nquickly before gliding un-powered for hundreds or thousands of kilometres.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Importance\nof Hypersonic missiles:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Hypersonic weapons strikes at a\ntremendous speed and prohibits the defender to get his defences to react to\nsuch a threat in time.<\/li><li>They can fly lower than the\ntraditional ballistic missiles,thus they tend to avoid radar\ndetection.Hence,they are difficult to be detected by the US missile defense\nsatellites and radars.<\/li><li>The payloads gliding at speeds in\nexcess of Mach 5 and more are so manoeuvrable due to their non-ballistic\ntrajectories that they can change their targets at any point.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com\/news\/renewable\/renewable-energy-certificate-sales-down-10-per-cent-to-5-04-lakh-in-december\/73016574\"><strong>Renewable\nEnergy Certificates Sales Down 10% in December<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>The sales of Renewable Energy Certificates(REC) fell around 10% to 5.04\nlakh units in December as compared to 5.59 lakh in the same month a year ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Background\non REC:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Electricity Act, 2003 and the\nNational Action Plan on Climate Change(NAPCC) provide for a roadmap for\nincreasing the share of renewable in the country.<\/li><li>Central Electricity Regulatory\nCommission(CERC) had notified the Regulation on Renewable Energy\nCertificate(REC) in 2010.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nRenewable Energy Certificates(REC):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Renewable Energy Certificate (REC)\nmechanism is a market based instrument to promote renewable energy and\nfacilitate compliance of renewable purchase obligations(RPO). <\/li><li>It is aimed at addressing the\nmismatch between availability of RE resources in state and the requirement of\nthe obligated entities to meet the renewable purchase obligation(RPO).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Working\nof REC:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>REC are also known as green energy\ncertificates or tradable renewable certificates.They are proof that energy has\nbeen generated from renewable sources such as solar or wind power.<\/li><li>Each REC represents the environmental\nbenefits of 1MWh of renewable energy generation.When you purchase\nRECs,renewable energy is generated on your behalf.<\/li><li>Indian Energy Exchange (IEX) and\nPower Exchange of India (PXIL) are the two power bourses in the country, which\nare engaged in trading of RECs and electricity. <\/li><li>The mechanism helps states meet\ntheir regulatory requirements by overcoming the geographical constraints on the\nexisting renewable potential in different states.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/cities\/Thiruvananthapuram\/kalari-training-for-penkaruthu\/article30352590.ece\"><strong>Kerala State\nYouth Welfare Board organises Kalaripayattu training for young women<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>Kerala State Youth Welfare Board has organised Kalaripayattu training\nfor young women in the backdrop of women increasingly becoming vulnerable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nKalaripayattu:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kalaripayattu is a great and\nancient physical, cultural and martial art of Kerala.The martial art originated\nduring the 3nd century BC to the 2nd century AD.<\/li><li>The word kalari first appears in\nthe Tamil Sangam literature (c. 300 BCE to 300 CE) to describe both a\nbattlefield and combat arena.<\/li><li>The Kalaripayattu is also\nconsidered as one of the oldest fighting systems in existence.<\/li><li>Kalaripayattu techniques include a\ncombination of steps (Chuvatu) and postures (Vadivu). <\/li><li>Chuvatu literally means \u2018steps\u2019,\nthe basic steps of the martial arts.Vadivu literally means \u2018postures\u2019 or\nstances are the basic characteristics of Kalaripayattu training.Named after\nanimals,they are usually eight in number.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.businesstoday.in\/current\/corporate\/finance-minister-sitharaman-launches-ebkray-ibapi-auction-platform-for-assets-attached-by-banks\/story\/392763.html\"><strong>Finance\nMinister launches \u2018eBkray\u2019 online auction platform for assets attached by banks<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>Union Finance Minister has launched an\neBkray or eB\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092f which is a common e-auction platform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nthe eBkray<\/strong> <strong>platform:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The eBkray platform enables the\nonline auction of the attached assets transparently and cleanly for the\nimproved realization of value by the Public Sector banks(PSBs).<\/li><li>The platform is equipped with\nproperty search features and navigational links to all PSB e-auction sites.<\/li><li>It also provides single-window\naccess to information on properties up for e-auction as well as facility for\ncomparison of similar properties. <\/li><li>It enhances user experience\nthrough seamless access to information by search based on the type and location\nof property put up for e-auction by banks in India.<\/li><li>The e-auction platform has also\nnow been linked to the Indian Banks Auctions Mortgaged Properties\nInformation(IBAPI) portal and guidelines have been made available.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Additional\ninformation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nIndian Banks Auctions Mortgaged Properties Information(IBAPI):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>IBAPI is is an initiative of\nIndian Banks Association (IBA) under policy of Department of Financial Services\n(DFS), Union Ministry of Finance.<\/li><li>It provides details of mortgaged\nproperties to be auctioned online by banks, starting with PSBs.<\/li><li>The buyers can use the portal to\nsearch and get properties details and participate in auction\nprocess.Currently,21 banks are onboard on this portal.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/ddnews.gov.in\/sci-tech\/un-gives-green-light-draft-treaty-combat-cybercrime\"><strong>UN to draft new\ninternational treaty on cyber crime<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>The United Nations has approved a new resolution in order to draft an\ninternational treaty to combat cyber crime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nthe international treaty:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The UN General Assembly has\nestablished an expert committee.The committee was made after Russia had drafted\na resolution which was approved by 193 member countries.<\/li><li>The committee will elaborate a\ncomprehensive international convention on countering the use of information and\ncommunications technologies for criminal purposes.<\/li><li>The United States had suggested\nthat the world should expand the accord on existing 2001 Budapest Convention.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nBudapest Convention:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Council of Europe\u2019s(CoE)\nCybercrime Convention is also known as the Budapest Convention.It was open for\nsignature in 2001 and came into force in 2004.<\/li><li>The convention is the sole legally\nbinding international multilateral treaty on cybercrime. <\/li><li>The convention coordinates\ncybercrime investigations between nation-states and criminalizes certain\ncybercrime conduct.<\/li><li>It serves as a guideline for any\ncountry developing comprehensive national legislation against Cybercrime and as\na framework for international cooperation between state parties to this treaty.<\/li><li>The countries like India and\nBrazil have not adopted the convention on the grounds that they did not\nparticipate in its drafting.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Additional\ninformation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nCouncil of Europe:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Council of Europe is Europe\u2019s\noldest political body.It aims to uphold human rights,democracy and the rule of\nlaw across the continent.<\/li><li>The council was founded in 1949\nand it has 47 member states,28 of which are members of European\nUnion(EU).However,the organisation is distinct from the EU.<\/li><li>The council oversees and enforces\nrulings made by the European Court of Human Rights which considers cases\nbrought by individuals and groups against the signatories to the convention.The\nCouncil of Europe is also an official United Nations Observer.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/news\/economy\/indicators\/mospi-constitutes-committee-on-economic-statistics-headed-by-pronab-sen\/articleshow\/73009573.cms\"><strong>MOSPI\nconstitutes committee on economic statistics <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation(MOSPI) has\nconstituted a Standing Committee on Statistics(SCES).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Background:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The committee has been constituted\nafter several economists had expressed concern over political interference in\ninfluencing statistical data in India.<\/li><li>They had called for restoration of\ninstitutional independence and integrity to the statistical organisations. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nthe committee:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The committee consists of 28\nmembers.It is headed by former Chief Statistician Pronab Sen.<\/li><li>The committee will review and\ndevelop the country\u2019s surveys on employment, industry and services sector amid\ncriticism of official statistics.<\/li><li>It will also review the existing\nframework of data sources, indicators and definitions of index of industrial\nproduction, periodic labour force survey, time use survey, economic census and\nunorganised sector statistics, among others.<\/li><li>Further,the committee will subsume\nin it the four standing committees on labour force statistics, industrial\nstatistics, services sector and unincorporated sector enterprises.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.livemint.com\/news\/india\/indian-army-rescues-1-500-tourists-stranded-due-to-snowfall-in-sikkim-11577515351980.html\"><strong>Indian Army\nrescues 1,500 tourists stranded in Nathu La in Sikkim<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>Recently,the Indian Army has rescued about 1,500 tourists who were\nstranded in Nathu La in eastern part of Sikkim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nNathuLa Pass:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nathu La is a mountain pass in the\nHimalayas in East Sikkim district.It connects the Indian state of Sikkim with\nChina&#8217;s Tibet Autonomous Region.<\/li><li>The pass is also one of the three\nopen trading border posts between China and India.The others being Shipki La\nPass in Himachal Pradesh and Lipulekh at the trisection point of\nUttarakhand\u2013India,Nepal and China.<\/li><li>Nathu La pass was re-opened in\n2006 to shorten the travel distance to important Hindu and Buddhist pilgrimage\nsites in the region and give a boost to Indo-China trade.<\/li><li>The pass is also one of the five\nofficially agreed Border Personnel Meeting points between the Indian Army and\nthe People&#8217;s Liberation Army of China for regular consultations and\ninteractions between the two armies to improve relations.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"597\" height=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogadmin.forumias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Picture3-10.png?resize=597%2C420&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-54734\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/newsonair.com\/Main-News-Details.aspx?id=376796\"><strong>MyGov reaches 1\ncrore registered users<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>The Central government&#8217;s citizen engagement platform &#8211; MyGov has\nreached one crore registered users.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nMyGov:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>MyGov is a citizen engagement\nplatform founded by the Government of India in 2014.<\/li><li>The platform is aimed at creating\na common platform for Indian citizens to crowdsource governance ideas from\ncitizens.Its users discuss and contribute to various government projects and\nplans.<\/li><li>It promotes the active\nparticipation of Indian citizens in their country&#8217;s governance and development.<\/li><li>The website is hosted and managed\nby the National Informatics Centre (NIC).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Additional\ninformation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nNational Informatics Centre(NIC):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The National Informatics Centre\n(NIC) is an institute set up by the Indian government in 1976 to drive its\ntechnology and e-governance initiatives in the country.<\/li><li>The institute is part of the\nIndian Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology\u2019s Department.<\/li><li>NIC has the mandate to set up,\nimplement and support all the information technology led-programs of the\ncentral and state governments and other government organizations in India.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-how-andhras-concept-of-three-capitals-is-inspired-by-south-africa-6189024\/\"><strong>Explained:How\nAndhra\u2019s concept of three capitals is inspired by South Africa<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>The Andhra Pradesh cabinet has deferred taking a decision on relocating\nthe state capital to three separate locations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nthe decision on state capital:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister\nhad announced that Andhra Pradesh could have three decentralised capitals on\nthe lines of South Africa.<\/li><li>The new capital being developed at\nAmaravati could become the Legislative Capital.The port city Visakhapatnam as\nthe Executive Capital and Kurnool as the Judicial Capital.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nSouth Africa Model:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In South Africa,there are three\ncities that serve as the capitals of the country\u2013 Pretoria (executive), Cape\nTown (legislative) and Bloemfontein (judicial).<\/li><li>This arrangement was a result of\nthe Second Boer War (1899-1902) in which Britain annexed the two Afrikaner\nspeaking states -\u2013 the Orange Free State and the South African Republic (also\ncalled Transvaal Republic).<\/li><li>The Cape of Good Hope then\nremained in the British Empire, becoming self-governing in 1872 and uniting\nwith three other colonies to form the Union of South Africa in 1910. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Other\nexamples of multiple capital cities:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In Sri Lanka,Sri Jayawardenepura\nKotte is the official capital and seat of national legislature while Colombo is\nthe de facto seat of national executive and judicial bodies.<\/li><li>Malaysia has its official and\nroyal capital and seat of national legislature at Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya is\nthe administrative centre and seat of national judiciary.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Among\nIndian States:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Among Indian states, Maharashtra\nhas two capitals namely Mumbai and Nagpur (which holds the winter session of\nthe state assembly). <\/li><li>Himachal Pradesh has capitals at\nShimla and Dharamshala (winter).The former state of Jammu &amp; Kashmir had\nSrinagar and Jammu (winter) as capitals.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/pti-stories\/rbi-directs-large-co-op-banks-to-report-exposures-above-rs-5-cr-119122701121_1.html\"><strong>RBI directs\nlarge co-op banks to report all exposures above Rs.5 crore<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>The Reserve Bank of India(RBI) has directed large cooperative banks to\nreport all aggregate exposures of Rs.5 crores and more to Central Repository of\nInformation on Large Credits(CRILC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nCRILC:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Reserve Bank of India has\ncreated a CRILC of commercial banks, certain Non-Banking Financial Companies\n(NBFCs) and All India Financial Institutions(AIFIs).<\/li><li>CRILC collects, store, and publish\ndata on all borrowers\u2019 credit exposures.The Banks\/Financial Institutions are\nexpected to report findings to CRILC. <\/li><li>The banks have to provide credit\ninformation to CRILC about their borrowers with an aggregate fund-based and\nnon-fund based exposure of and over Rs.5 Crores (Rs.50 million). <\/li><li>The banks should also report the\nSpecial Mention Accounts(SMA) status of their borrowers to the Central\nRepository of Information on Large Credits.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Additional\ninformation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nCo-operative Banks:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A Co-operative bank is a financial\nentity which belongs to its members, who are at the same time the owners and\nthe customers of their bank.<\/li><li>Co-operative banking in India\nstarted in the early 20th century with the passing of Co-operative Societies\nAct in 1904 and later with the Co-operative Societies Act, 1912.<\/li><li>They are often created by persons\nbelonging to the same local or professional community of sharing a common\ninterest.<\/li><li>They are classified into two\ncategories namely Urban Co-operative Banks(UCBs) and rural co-operative banks.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nSpecial mention accounts(SMA):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Special Mention Accounts are those\naccounts that shows symptoms of bad asset quality in the first 90 days itself.<\/li><li>The Special Mention Account\nidentification is an effort for early stress discovery of bank loans.It was\nintroduced as a corrective action plan to contain stress.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/news\/economy\/indicators\/india-may-surpass-germany-to-become-fourth-largest-economy-in-2026-report\/articleshow\/73019430.cms\"><strong>India may\nsurpass Germany to become the fourth-largest economy in 2026:Report <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>The UK-based Centre for Economics and Business Research (CEBR) has\nreleased a report titled \u2018World Economic League Table 2020\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nthe report:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The World Economic League Table is\nan annual calculation by Centre for Economics and Business Research (CEBR)\njointly published by CEBR and Global Construction Perspectives. <\/li><li>The base data for 2019 is taken\nfrom the IMF World Economic Outlook.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Key\ntakeaways from the report:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>India is expected to overtake\nGermany to become the fourth-largest economy in 2026 and Japan to become the\nthird largest in 2034.<\/li><li>India is also set to reach a gross\ndomestic product (GDP) of USD 5 trillion by 2026.This is 2 years later than the\nIndian government\u2019s target of 2024.<\/li><li>India has decisively overtaken\nboth France and the UK to become the world&#8217;s fifth-largest economy in 2019.<\/li><li>However,the report has also said\nthat the US and China will continue to play a dominant role in the global\neconomy despite the rapid growth of countries like India and Indonesia.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Explained:About the Preamble of the Indian Constitution News:The Constitution particularly its Preamble, has frequently been at the centre of the ongoing debate over the Citizenship Amendment Act. Facts: About Preamble: The term \u2018preamble\u2019 refers to the introduction or preface to the Constitution.It contains the summary or essence of the Constitution. It serves two purposes namely&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-current-affairs-brief-december-29th-2019\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">9 PM Current Affairs Brief \u2013 December 29th, 2019<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":48116,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54722","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9-pm-brief","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/9-PM-Brief.png?fit=1000%2C500&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704927183},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54722","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54722"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54722\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48116"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54722"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=54722"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=54722"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}